Naslov
Impact of organo-mineral fertilization and manures on nutrient balance in crop production

Autori
Lončarić, Zdenko ; Hefer, Hrvoje ; Andrišić, Milena ; Perić, Katarina ; Nemet, Franjo ; Kerovec, Darko ; Rastija, Domagoj

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, prošireni sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
14. Kongres Hrvatskog tloznanstvenog društva ; Knjiga sažetaka “Degradacija tla – izazov za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju” / Popović, Brigita ; Zebec, Vladimir ; Perčin, Aleksandra - Sveti Martin na Muri : Hrvatsko tloznanstveno društvo, 2022, 3-5

ISBN
978-953-58241-1-4

Skup
14.kongres Hrvatskog tloznanstvenog društva Degradacija tla izazov za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju = 14th Congress of the Croatian Society of Soil Science Soil degradation challenges in agricultural production

Mjesto i datum
Sveti Martin na Muri, Hrvatska, 12.09.2022. - 16.09.2022

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Plenarno

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
manure ; nitrogen ; nutrient balance ; phosphorus ; potassium ; soil organic C

Sažetak
Intensive agricultural production with insufficient organic fertilization, as expected, results in a decrease of organic matter content in the soil. Analyses of soil fertility in the Republic of Croatia over two years (2019 and 2020) showed that there is less than 2% SOM in 52.1% of analyzed soils (10, 283 samples), with the average humus content in these soils being only 1.61%. Also, less than 3% humus was found in as many as 87.9% of soil samples (17, 339 samples) with an average humus content of 1.92%. At the same time, as part of the research on the impact of land use on changes in soil properties after a 15-year period, a decrease in the content of organic matter in the soil was determined on arable land. The consequence of low humus content, along with insufficient mineralization potential, is a decreasing of soil elasticity, i.e. the inability of the soil to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change, primarily the increasing amplitudes of soil temperature and humidity. The increasing importance of organic fertilization and manure is also emphasized by the multiple increase in the price of mineral fertilizers, 2.2 to 4.1 times (2022 compared to 2018). Therefore, it is necessary to optimize organic fertilization, both because of the need for fertilization and for the environment protection. With the aim of optimizing fertilization in Croatia, in 2021, 610 manure samples were analyzed for 22, 121 ha of arable land planned to be fertilized (4, 266 soil samples analyzed, average 2.26% humus, 42.9% soil with <2% humus) (within IAKS Measure 10.1.17.). It was planned to use cattle manure on 84.01% of the area (3, 556 samples for 18, 583 ha), pig manure on 13.93% (612 samples for 3, 082.3 ha), broiler manure on 1.65% (50 samples for 364, 8 ha), sheep manure on 0.35% (77.2 ha) and horse manure on 0.06%. Significant variability of the N content in all types of manure was determined, so it is not good to use average values to decide on the amount of manure in fertilization. In cattle manure 2.2- 26.8 kg/t N (CN ratio 5.7-34.9) was determined, in pig manure 4.4-10 (CN 4.9-22.5), broiler 12.5-23.8 (CN 7.916.6), sheep 3.1-14.8 (CN 6.9-37.3), horse 4.7-8.1 (CN 8.7 -32.7) and in cattle slurry 1.5- 9.6 (CN 1.6-22.2). By applying the maximum permitted amount of cattle manure (quantity with 170 kg/ha of N), up to 4, 287.6 kg/ha of organic C (average 1, 894.5 kg/ha) will be applied into the soil annually. In a five-year period, this is an average of 18.3% of the amount of organic C already found in the analyzed soils, and in the case of very low humus soils (<1% humus) it amounts 29.2 - 107% of the amount of organic C found in the soils. By optimizing the input of manure according to the type of crop and soil fertility (amount containing an average of 129.7 kg/ha of N), up to 3, 459.7 kg/ha of organic C (average of 1, 432.7) will be added to the soil annually, which is in the five-year period averaged 14.5% amount of organic C in soils. The use of the manures already in the 1st year will reduce the need for mineral nitrogen fertilization in basic fertilization by 35 kg/ha (i.e. 76 kg/ha less urea) and by 14 kg/ha (53 kg/ha less CAN). Soils for planned fertilization with manure contain on average 22.54 mg/100 g P2O5 and 23.62 mg/100 g K2O, which would mean that they are class D (rich in phosphorus) or class C (well supplied soils with potassium). However, the distribution of the level of phosphorus and potassium supply is very wide, as 35.1% of soils are poor in phosphorus and 15.4% are poor in potassium (classes A or B), while at the same time 39.1% of soils are rich in phosphorus and 28.2% rich in potassium (class D or E). At the same time, 11.4% of the soil is simultaneously poor in both phosphorus and potassium and intensive fertilization is necessary, and 21.7% of the soil is simultaneously rich in both phosphorus and potassium and fertilization is not necessary. Orientation of organic fertilization towards maximum amounts of nitrogen will result in a positive five-year balance (> 100 kg/ha P2O5 or K2O) in phosphorus fertilization at 56% and potassium at 34.1% of the soil, but about 1/5 of these soils are already rich in phosphorus (20.6 %) or potassium (17.5 %) and a positive balance is not required. Organo-mineral fertilization will result in a negative five-year balance of phosphorus at 20.4% and potassium at 38.4% of the soils, but 88.1% of these soils are already rich in phosphorus and 48.0% rich in potassium and the balance could be negative. The cumulative effect of organo-mineral fertilization over 5 years will result in a lower need for mineral forms of N, P and K and mineral fertilization could be reduced to an average of 26% of the amount of urea compared to mineral fertilization without the use of manure, on 40% of the amount of N in the topdressing (e.g. CAN), on 35% of phosphorus fertilizers, and on 23% of potassium fertilizers.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Poljoprivreda (agronomija)

POVEZANOST RADA