Naslov
HDL cholesterol is a protective predictor in the development and progression of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: a 15-year follow-up study

Autori
Tomić, Martina ; Vrabec, Romano ; Bulum, Tomislav ; Ljubić, Spomenka

Izvornik
Diabetes research and clinical practice (0168-8227) 186 (2022); 109814, 7

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Type 1 diabetes ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Incidence ; Risk factors ; HDL cholesterol

Sažetak
Aims: To evaluate the 15-year incidence of development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 1 diabetic patients (T1DM) and determine the associated risk factors. Methods: 123 T1DM were included in this prospective cohort study and followed for 15 years. Demographic, clinical, laboratory parameters, and retinal photographs were collected and analyzed. Risk factors for DR development and progression were identified using Cox regression analysis. Results: At baseline, 87 (71%) patients had no DR, and 36 (29%) had nonproliferative DR (NPDR). After 15 years, 54 patients (43.9% ; 29.3/1000 person- years) developed NPDR or progressed to proliferative DR (PDR) ; 24 (27.6%) developed new NPDR, and 30 (83.3%) progressed to PDR. HbA1c (HR = 1.48, p = 0.008) and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) (HR = 1.58, p = 0.045) were associated with the risk of DR development and progression, and a protective association was found for HDL cholesterol (HR = 0.17, p = 0.021). The presence of DR at baseline (HR = 2.95, p = 0.023) was associated with the risk of its progression to PDR. Conclusions: The 15-year incidence of DR development and progression in T1DM is still very high, which points to the need for close monitoring of T1DM, especially those with higher HbA1c, higher AER, the initial presence of DR, and lower HDL cholesterol.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kliničke medicinske znanosti

POVEZANOST RADA