Naslov
Music as healing in the Anatolian Seljuk Times

Autori
Mihaljinec, Ivana

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Ocjenski radovi, doktorska disertacija

Mjesto
Zadar

Datum
24.06

Godina
2021

Stranica
318

Mentor
Eser, Erdal ; Bulić, Nada

Ključne riječi
Anatolia ; Frequency ; Healing ; Makam ; Music therapy ; Seljuks

Sažetak
The Anatolian Seljuk State existed in the Middle Ages, from period 1078-1310. The aim of the research conducted in this work is to prove the healing effects of makams used in that period and their connection with the architectural structure and acoustic characteristic of the hospitals where they were performed. The research of the literature included the settlement of the Anatolian Seljuks, their building activities and cultural life, as well as showing the migrations and integrations of the communities existing in the area and the upcoming ones during the quests and through trade routes. Hospitals with the same architectural characteristics are presented and the general properties of the hospital buildings are given with the emphasis on architectural and acoustic design. One of the main aspects in this work is music, healing and music therapy. The overview of the music in the Middle Ages in Turkey has been given with the Turkish music history timeline, from the Proto-Turkish culture to Sufism, showing also the development of the notation system and early Islamic scholars, as well as religious music and the ideas of healing and music therapy which were based on the works from the 9th century scholars al-Farabi and al- Kindi. The makams, as the main subject of the research, are presented from a historical point of view, their intervallic structure and the construction of the scale. The types of intervals by sounding within the makam are also explained, and that the previous researches studied makam as melody while the focus of this thesis is on the vertical makam. This led to the first hypothesis that makams have a healing effect manifested in the makam’s produced sound events which includes specific frequencies of the harmonic perfect fourth and perfect fifth intervals of the makam scale and that the Turkish traditional concept of a healing effect strongly depends on those specific frequencies. Score sheet examples of composers ranging from the 8th century to 1900 are analysed and the results show the common repetitive tones with their respective frequencies. The second hypothesis is that the architectural structure of the complex and sound events in the venue support the healing effect. The acoustic analysis of the Divriği hospital as a representative sample of the Anatolian hospital is made. The results show that the architectural structure and acoustic design are a suitable soundscape which supports the healing effect of the produced sound events in the form of makams, which was proved by frequency analysis of the specific tones and intervals. In this work the ideas and theories presented in the works of al- Farabi and al-Kindi regarding the efficiency and healing effects of the makams is confirmed through the makam’s produced sound events which includes specific frequencies of the harmonic perfect fourth and perfect fifth intervals of the makam scale, which is confirmed by the frequency analysis of the specific tones and intervals, which are frequently repeated in the performance of the makams.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Etnologija i antropologija

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