Naslov
The Skopje Post-Earthquake Housing Reconstruction – an International Display of Light Prefabrication in the Cold War Time

Autori
Bjažić Klarin, Tamara

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
From Conventional to Experimental - Mass Housing and Prefabrication / - , 2021

Skup
From Conventional to Experimental - Mass Housing and Prefabrication

Mjesto i datum
Njemačka; Izrael, 14.06.2021. - 15.06.2021

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Skoplje ; potres ; urbana obnova ; laka prefabrikacija ; međunarodne donacije ; Hladni rat
(Skopje ; earthquake ; urban reconstruction ; prefabricated light housing ; international aid ; Cold War)

Sažetak
On July 26 of 1963, Skopje was hit by hazardous earthquakes that destroyed 80 % of the city housing stock and made more than 150 000 people homeless. The magnitude of the Skopje tragedy united all the Yugoslav nations but also the whole world. Thanks to Yugoslav government politics of peace and international collaboration, and the United Nations support, Skopje became the symbol of “fraternity and equality” of Yugoslav nations and an international political, scientific, urban planning and architectural project – a battlefield where the East and the West fought for supremacy in terms of material and technical assistance. A total of 18 housing estates for 3 000 to 12 000 residents, with their own public facilities, were planned on the outskirts of Skopje. Residents were mostly housed in prefabricated family houses. Although such houses were available at the market by the mid-1950s its planned estates, like American suburban housing developments such as Levittowns, were not common in Yugoslavia. In Skopje, they became necessary because of the short period of construction, ground shaking, and demand for earthquake-proof buildings. Erected en masse for the very first time the prefabs were provided from 20 European, African, and North and South American countries through national production (82%), urgent import (11.5%), and donations (6.5 %). The variety of assembled family houses, along with donated prefabricated school and healthcare buildings, turned Skopje into a unique international display gathering light housing prefabrication in scale 1:1 produced on both sides of the Iron Curtain at the time of the Cold War. In Yugoslavia, in particular, the Skopje prefab settlements were crucial for the improvement and extensive use of prefabricated light housing just as for the further use of the established model of urban reconstruction after the natural disasters.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Arhitektura i urbanizam, Povijest umjetnosti

Napomena
Konferencija je održana on-line. Domaćini su bili
Technion Isael Institute of Technology, Docomomo
Israel, Docomomo Germany i EU COST action Middle
Class Mass Housing.

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