Naslov
Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers associated with car dust

Autori
Jagić, Karla ; Dvoršćak, Marija ; Klinčić, Darija

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
21st European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry / Ivančev-Tumbas, I. ; Beškoski, P. V. ; Šajnović, A. - Beograd : Serbian Chemical Society, 2021, 65-65

ISBN
978-86-7132-078-8

Skup
21st European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry (EMEC 2021)

Mjesto i datum
Novi Sad, Srbija, 30.11.2021. - 03.12.2021

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
PBDE ; ekstrakcija potpomognuta mikrovalovima ; prašina ; automobili ; izloženost ljudi ; EDI
(PBDE ; microwave-assisted extraction ; dust ; cars ; human exposure ; EDI)

Sažetak
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of commonly used brominated flame retardants added to polymers used in building material, household products, and vehicle interiors (seats, plastic parts and electronic). Alongside one’s diet, ingestion of dust has been recognized as one of the main exposure pathways for humans, especially nowadays when people spend most of their time in different indoor microenvironments (homes, schools, workplaces, cars). Because of PBDEs' resistance to degradation and increasing evidence of their toxic potential, concerns have been raised about their adverse effects on human health. The levels of 7 PBDE congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) were measured in dust collected from 25 passenger cars aged between few months and 31 years using microwave-assisted extraction and GC-µECD for sample analysis [1]. The measured concentrations were used to estimate the exposure of adults via car dust ingestion calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI) for the worst case scenario, which takes into account maximum mass fractions of all of the detected congeners (∑PBDEs) and a high dust intake rate. A time-weighed model was used according to which people spend around 64 %, 22 %, and 4 % of their time in homes, workplaces, and cars, respectively [2]. In the case of occupational exposure (OE), for adults who spend more time in cars due to their occupation (e.g. taxi drivers), 26 % of time was presumed to be spent in cars. ∑PBDEs ranged between 0.60 and 5666.98 ng g-1 dust with a median value of 8.26 ng g-1 dust. Congener BDE-99 was detected in all of the samples, followed by BDE- 183 and BDE-47 with a detection frequency of 96 % and 92 %, respectively. The mass fraction of these three congeners together contributed from 64 % to 100 % (median 79 %) to the sum of the mass fractions of all detected congeners in individual samples. When the car dust samples were divided into three groups according to the year of manufacture of the car, the median of the detected ∑PBDEs was 316.53, 10.16, and 6.73 ng g-1 for cars manufactured between 1989-2000, 2000-2010, and 2010-2020, respectively. This is in agreement with the ban of penta and octa commercial PBDE mixtures use by the European Union in 2004. The obtained EDI values originating from car dust (0.170 ng g-1 bw day-1) exceeded those from homes (0.096 ng g-1 bw day-1) [3] and workplaces (0.052 ng g-1 bw day-1), with a contribution to the total EDI of 53 %. Consequently, the more time spent in a car, the higher the intake of contaminants, so the EDI in the case of OE adults was calculated to be 1.105 ng g-1 bw day-1 and its contribution to total EDI 92 %. Nevertheless, all of the calculated EDI values when compared to the corresponding threshold reference value suggested by the USEPA were orders of magnitude lower indicating no health risk from exposure to PBDEs contained in car dust. What should be considered, though, is the fact that the EDI calculated for OE people driving cars manufactured after 2010 was 0.003 ng g-1 bw day- 1, which is considerably lower than those calculated for drivers exposed to dust in older vehicles (0.338 ng g-1 bw day-1 and 1.105 ng g-1 bw day-1 for cars manufactured between 2000-2010, and 1989-2000, respectively). These data confirm that the ban of the use of PBDEs has indeed led to a reduction in their concentrations in car dust.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kemija, Interdisciplinarne prirodne znanosti, Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita

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