Naslov
Geochemical and mineralogical correlations between the bog iron ores and roasted iron ores of the Podravina region, Croatia

Autori
Brenko, Tomislav ; Borojević Šoštarić, Sibila ; Karavidović, Tena ; Ružičić, Stanko ; Sekelj Ivančan, Tajana

Izvornik
Catena (Cremlingen) (0341-8162) 204 (2021); 105353, 13

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Geokemijski otisak ; Klaster analize ; Elementi rijetkih zemalja ; Eksperimentalno prženje ; Geoarheologija
(Geochemical fingerprinting ; Hierarchical clustering ; Rare earth elements ; Experimental roasting ; Geoarchaeology)

Sažetak
Throughout the Podravina region, NE Croatia, over one hundred locations with signs of iron production, dating to the late Antique period and the Middle Ages, have been discovered in the last 30 years. Recently, signs of various bog iron ore types and formations were discovered throughout the area. This study investigates the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of local bog iron and roasted iron ores. Furthermore, statistical clustering of different geochemical components in the ores is presented, while the abundance and distribution of macro-, micro- and rare earth elements (REE) and how they correlate within the bog iron ores and roasted iron ores is considered. A total of 15 samples acquired from geological investigations and 13 samples found during archaeological excavations were analysed using geochemical and mineralogical methods. In bog iron ores, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed goethite and quartz as the primary mineral phases, while roasted iron ores contained several Fe minerals and had variable quartz and clay mineral contents. Chemical analyses confirmed high Fe contents in both bog iron ores (up to 70.89 mass. %) and roasted iron ores (up to 84.97 mass. %), with a distinct differentiation of Fe and Si between the different bog iron ore types. Scanning electron microscopy with attached EDS detector (SEM-EDS) showed features of laminar Fe and Mn mineralization, confirming the theory that bog iron ore forms as seasonal precipitation from groundwater. Using the hierarchical clustering analysis, a geochemical correlation of the iron component in bog iron ores and roasted iron ores was compared to other major oxides, micro- and REEs. It was established that the iron component has very little influence on REE and microelements behaviour. Therefore, microelements and REEs were used as a tracer for establishing a geographical connection between the bog iron ores and roasted iron ores in the Podravina region.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geologija, Interdisciplinarne prirodne znanosti, Arheologija

POVEZANOST RADA