Naslov
GMO 2.0 and environment - new name same problem

Autori
Kelam, Ivica

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, neobjavljeni rad, ostalo

Skup
Međunarodni znanstveni simpozij Price of health

Mjesto i datum
Dubrovnik, Hrvatska, 12.08.2016. - 14.08.2016

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
bioethics, GMO, new plant breeding techniques, patents

Sažetak
The intention of this paper is to highlight how new methods of genetic engineering have been developed for use on plants for food production in the past few years. These techniques can be collectively called “gene-editing” or “synthetic gene technologies”, but industry of biotechnology and European Commission are using the term “new plant breeding techniques”. With this phrase they want to emphasize that the new technology is not the unpopular classical genetic engineering, rather that it is a different form of genetic engineering techniques. These techniques include zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), TALENs, CRISPR/Cas, meganucleases and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM), cisgenesis and intragenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM), agro-infiltration, reverse breeding, and grafting onto GMO rootstock. There are risks and uncertainties associated with each of the new GM techniques, some of which are common to all techniques. Given that many of these techniques are new, it is not yet possible to fully evaluate the potential for adverse effects on human health and environment. The fact that they can be used in a combination, and multiple times in a process, means that these effects can be risk-significant even when individualized use may contain a low risk factor. Yet, there has been little or no assessment of the biosafety implications of combining these techniques. The basic hypothesis of the paper is that new GM technique, because of its novelty and lack of risk assessment, may pose a serious threat to the environment. Possible application of the GM technique requires strict application of the precautionary principle, and the needs for systematic monitoring and evaluation at all stages in compliance with EU Directive 2001/18. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we will indicate the fundamental characteristics of GM technology in correlation with environmental and restoration agriculture. In the second part, after defining what the new GM techniques are, we will indicate a potential harmful impact on the environment. The expected contribution of the paper goes towards recognizing and highlighting facts that the new GM technique are guided by private interests and protected by patents, and that they cannot be a solution for the future of agriculture.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Integrativna bioetika (prirodne, tehničke, biomedicina i zdravstvo, biotehničke, društvene, humanističke znanosti)

POVEZANOST RADA