Naslov
Čovjek, ali najbolji: Romi u žrvnju radne, jezične i biološke teorije rase
(Man, but the best one: Roma caught in labour, language, and biology-based theories of race)

Autori
Mikulić, Borislav

Izvornik
Narodna umjetnost : hrvatski časopis za etnologiju i folkloristiku (0547-2504) 56 (2019), 2; 7-39

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
romski studiji (Gypsy Studies) ; nomadski subjekt ; etika rada ; Kant ; orijenta- lizam ; seksualizacija drugosti ; arijstvo ; projekt Ahnenerbe
(Roma-Studies (Gypsy Studies) ; migrant worker ; nomadic subject ; Kant ; labour ethics ; orientalism ; sexualization of otherness ; aryanness ; the Ahnenerbe project)

Sažetak
Polazeći od paradoksa da Romi kao tradicionalni unutarevropski migranti u današnjoj “migrantskoj krizi” Evrope jedva predstavljaju temu, tekst obrađuje negativnu figuru “neradničkog nomada” koji od prvih početaka akademske refleksije o Romima u 18. stoljeću suodređuje njihovo razumijevanje u jednakoj mjeri kao i pitanje etničkog, rasnog i jezičnog porijekla ; osobito u umjetnostima, predodžba o Romima obilježena je orijentalisitčkom figurom slobodnjaštva i seksualizirane drugosti premda sama književna građa često daje uporišta za drugačije samorazumijevanje Roma, protivno radno-teorijskom stereotipu. Nasuprot tome, rijetko prisustvo Roma u teorijskom dis- kursu filozofije odaje karakteristike anonimnog recikliranja povijesti Roma za pojmovni aparat filozofije. Taj se proces može očitati na postmodernoj kritici Kanta i formaciji pojma “nomadsko mišljenje” koje se u radu povezuje s Kantovom poredbom skeptika kao nomada i podvrgava detaljnijoj retoričkoj i logičkoj analizi. U drugom dijelu rada tematizira se ponovno “otkrivanje” Roma u kontekstu indijske kulturne i nacionalne politike 20. stoljeća na ideološkim pretpostavkama neohinduističkog pokreta Arya Samaj iz kasnog 19. stoljeća za “oplemenjivanje” (arijanizaciju) svijeta i konfrontira s predratnim nacističkim pokretom za “arizaciju” cijelog kulturnog svijeta u zloglasnom projektu Ahnenerbe [Nasljeđe predaka]. U završnom dijelu rada nacistička uzurpacija arijstva valorizira se kao potpuna simbolička deprivacija Roma koja čini podlogu za najradikalniji oblik obeščovječenja u nacističkom holokaustu bez potrebe za ikakvim opravdanjem, i konfrontira s paradigmatskim razumijevanjem čovječnosti, sadržanim u samom imenu “Rom”.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski

Znanstvena područja
Filozofija, Filologija, Povijest, Etnologija i antropologija

Napomena
Abstract Starting with the paradox that the
Roma, as traditional Central European itinerant
people, seldom appear in recent European
debates on the “Migration Crisis”, this paper
addresses the notion of labour associated with
the negative figure of the “lazy nomad”, which,
from the beginnings of academic reflection
about the Roma in the 18th century, determines
both their public image and their ethnic,
racial, and linguistic origin. Within this
framework, special attention is paid to the
fact that the Roma generally appear in art and
culture as carriers of the “orientalist”
syndrome of ‘gypsiness’ consisting of idealized
and sexualized otherness and libertinage
although the fictional narratives they appear
in often provide evidences of a different self-
understanding of the Roma opposing the
stereotypes and prejudices concerning labour.
Contrary to the literature, the rather sporadic
presence of the Roma in the theoretical
discourse of philosophy is characterized by a
tacit recycling of their history for the
conceptual apparatus of contemporary
philosophy. Their anonymous presence can be
illustrated by the postmodern inversion of
Kant’s negative simile of scep- tics in
philosophy as nomads for the positive concept
of ‘nomadic thought’. This figure can be traced
back to its origin in Kant’s texts and
submitted to a more detailed analysis of Kant’s
relationship to the first known “Gypsy-Project”
by his friend Christian Kraus. In the second
part, the paper tackles the “rediscovery” of
the Roma by the mid- 20th century Indian
cultural and national politics based on the
ideological assumptions of the late 19th
century neo-Hinduist movement Arya Samaj,
aiming at “Making the Universe Aryan” ; it is
confronted with the pre-war national-socialist
movement, established and directed by H.
Himmler, for the “Aryanization” (Arisierung) of
the “entire cultural world” under the name
Ancestors’ Heritage (Ahnenerbe). In the final
part, the total symbolic deprivation of the
Roma-People by the National Socialist
misappropriation of “Aryanness” is interpreted
as the most radical form of dehumanisation,
which—in contrast to the annihilation of
European Jews and Slavs—was carried out without
any justification. On this basis, it is
contrasted with the paradigmatic human self-
understanding by the Roma themselves implied in
their very name.

POVEZANOST RADA