Naslov
The hunger games: taste, GLP-1 and female gender involved

Autori
Baretić, Maja ; Kušec, Vesna ; Uroić, Valentina ; Pavlić-Renar, Ivana ; Altabas, Velimir

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Obesity facts- Abstract book of 25th European Congress on Obesity / Hauner, Hans - Basel : Krager AG, 2018, 89-90

Skup
25th European Congress on Obesity

Mjesto i datum
Beč, Austrija, 23.05.2018. - 26.05.2018

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
GLP-1 ; taste preference ; gender

Sažetak
The crucial role of the gustatory system during evolution was to detect potentially toxic nutrients or to detect indicators of spoil¬age. As the human brain evolved and body volume increased, tooth and gut size decreased. Nutritional characteristics also evolved in conjunction with the high metabolic demand of large brains. Incretins are substanc¬es secreted in the gut after a meal. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from intestinal enteroendocrine L cells in response to a carbohydrate meal. GLP-1 has many levels of action, but currently it is primarily known for its effect on beta cells. GLP-1 reduces gastric emptying, lowers appetite by promoting satiety via hypothalam¬ic receptors and reduces food intake. Thus, GLP-1 action leads to weight loss. GLP-1 is produced not only in the peripheral nervous system (in¬testine and pancreas) but also in the central nervous system by neurons located in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Central injections of GLP-1 re¬ceptor agonists decrease food intake. There is no specific group of diabetic (or non-diabetic) patients identified as GLP-1 receptor agonist ‘responders” or ‘non- responders” with respect to weight loss. Some patients report a diminished craving for food following GLP-1 therapy and a change in food preference. The gastrointestinal tract is the major connector between food and body weight, it senses basic tastes in a similar manner as the tongue and through similar G-protein- coupled taste receptors. The link between gut hormones and eating behavior is well known, though it has not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was to explore how GLP-1 influences taste preference in different genders, insulin sensitivity and body composure. Methods: Effects of in 14 healthy participants (6 males, 8 females) in a double- blind, place¬bo- controlled crossover study. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with si¬multaneously measured fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin values and body composition was estimated with bioelectrical impedance analysis (total fat mass, mean fat percentage). After an overnight fast and an oral sodium load delivered in the form of soup, volunteers received placebo (500 ml of 0.9% saline) over a 3-hour period. At the end of infu¬sion, participants chose their current food preferences from illustrations of food types representing 5 tastes (sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and umami). After 7 days, the volunteers received an infusion of synthetic GLP-1 (1.5 pmol/kg/min, dissolved in 500 ml of 0.9% saline) and reported their food preferences again. Results: Change of taste preference after GLP-1 infusion but not after pla¬cebo was reported as response, and non- response was reported in the case of taste persistence. A statistically significant difference in response type was found between sexes (χ2 = 4.667, df = 1, p = 0.031), with women be¬ing more likely to change their taste preference after GLP-1 infusion than men. There was a positive correlation in responders between the body composition parameter (body fat mass in kg) and basal insulin levels af¬ter GLP-1 infusion. We also found a strong positive correlation between insulin resistance and insulin level after GLP-1 infusion in responders (r = 0.89 p < 0.01) Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that healthy non-obese women were more likely to change their taste preference after GLP- 1 in¬fusion than men. Why are women more prone to taste change after GLP- 1 infusion than men? Observed change of taste on GLP-1 infusion in women might be ascribed to estrogen ; the weight- lowering effects of es¬trogens are accomplished by receptor-mediated delivery. The weight- low¬ering effects of estrogens are associated with decreased food intake and in¬creased energy expenditure in experimental animals, modulating energy expenditure and feeding behavior through leptin- like effects in the hypo¬thalamus. Estrogens act directly on brain serotonin neurons. According to current findings and this study data, recently developed estrogen/GLP-1 medication may be a new strategy for obesity therapy. Also, a current obe¬sity therapy, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, may be more effective (or applied in lower dosages) in females. Gender differences in the physiology of eat¬ing and response to GLP-1 stimuli may contribute to better understanding of human obesity and eating disorders. For patients with more visceral fat and higher insulin resistance, a GLP-1 receptor agonist could be more effective (or applied in lower dosages) for the treatment of diabetes.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kliničke medicinske znanosti

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