Naslov
Vrtna kultura i naslijeđe u samostanima. Primjer Franjevačkoga samostana na Humcu kod Ljubuškog
(Garden culture and its monastic legacy as exemplified in the Franciscan monastery at Humac near Ljubuški)

Autori
Kiš-Novak, Darinka ; Tomić, Draženko

Izvornik
Hercegovina franciscana : Časopis za duhovnost, znanost i umjetnost (1840-1139) 13 (2017), 13; 147-156

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Franjevački samostan Humac ; samostanski vrtovi ; hortikultura ; povijest
(Franciscan monastery at Humac ; monastic gardens ; horticulture ; history)

Sažetak
Autori sagledavaju tijek razvoja vrtne kulture od antičkih vremena preko srednjovjekovnih običaja do naših dana. Ističu kako su samostanski vrtovi, čuvajući i njegujući prvu kršćansku tradiciju kako su najbolje mogli, zaslužni za kontinuitet vrtne umjetnosti od antičkih vremena do danas. Kao osnovna obilježja tipičnog srednjovjekovnog vrta ističu njegove skromne dimenzije i zatvorenost prema okolnom krajoliku i krajobrazu, tendenciju prema vrtu kao duhovnom utočištu i mjestu gdje se redovnici mogu posvetiti meditaciji i molitvi (klaustar) koji izravno proizlazi iz tradicije rimskog peristilnog vrta. Od 10. stoljeća srednjovjekovni se (korisni) vrt vidno obogaćuje novim vrstama bilja, osobito dekorativnoga, a redovnici razvijaju nove poljoprivredne i vrtlarske metode. U drugom dijelu članka nakon nekoliko natuknica iz povijesti franjevačkog samostana na Humcu, autori traže poveznice između klasičnog poimanja vrta i onog što je ostvareno na terenu. Nalaze podjelu vrta na korisni dio (povrtnjak, voćnjak, maslinik, šuma, livada, park sa svim pratećim gospodarskim zgradama i prostorima) i dio za meditaciju (park, šetnica, klaustar). Klaustar je skladnih linija, jednostavan, uređen po načelu “manje je više”. Slično i park ispred pročelja crkve i samostana ispunjen je brojnim vrstama dekorativnoga i autohtonoga drveća. Autori zaključuju kako su na prostoru franjevačkoga samostana na Humcu vrt i park nerazdvojni. Oni su domestificirana priroda, na takvom prostoru nerazdvojni, jedan organizam, simbiotski povezan u činu homestaze i sinergije okoliša samostana, s očitim kontinuitetom vrtne umjetnosti od najranijih vremena do danas.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski

Znanstvena područja
Biologija, Arhitektura i urbanizam, Povijest

Napomena
The authors present an overview of the development of garden-culture customs from ancient times and on through the middle ages covering the topics of olive groves, monastic greens, and parks, as well as the necessary accompanying structures. They also devote consideration to spaces for meditation such as park areas, walkways and cloister areas. Cloisters are structured along harmonious lines and tend to be simple. The work in hand stresses that the residents of monasteries deserve credit for preserving and fostering monastic gardens and such early Christian traditions as best they could. As a fundamental mark of a typical medieval garden are its humble dimensions and introverted character as regards its ambient surroundings. Religious tended to see the monastic garden as a spiritual oasis, namely, a place wherein the monastic residents could spend time in meditation and prayer. This was the essence of a cloister. The idea of a cloister is clearly derived from the Roman tradition of a garden peristyle. From the 10th Century forward, the working garden is visibly enriched with new cultivars, especially those that tend to be decorative. The monastic residents strove to introduce new methods of cultivation. In another part of this work, after a few historical references to the Franciscan monastery in Humac, the authors seek to establish a connection between the classical notion of a garden and that which, in fact, existed on the terrain. They point to the division of the garden into its working portion (orchards, etc.) and its esthetic portion. In similar fashion, they call attention to the garden located at the entrance to the church and monastery — a garden which is abundantly planted with decorative plants and free-standing indigenous trees. The authors of the work in hand further conclude that the garden and park located in the Franciscan monastery at Humacare indivisible. The garden and park at Humac are seen as being in a domesticated natural state and, as such, are considered to be indivisible, that is, they are seen as being a single organism which is symbiotically connected and homologously and synergistically connected to its surroundings. Clearly, the artistic element of the garden reveals a continuity which can be traced from its earliest history up to the present day.

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