Naslov
Comparative toxicity of seven rare earth elements in sea urchin early life stages

Autori
Trifuoggi, Marco ; Pagano, Giovanni ; Guida, Marco ; Palumbo, Anna ; Siciliano, Antonietta ; Gravina, Maria ; Lyons, Daniel Mark ; Burić, Petra ; Levak, Maja ; Thomas, Philippe J. ; Giarra, Antonella ; Oral, Rahime

Izvornik
Environmental science and pollution research international (0944-1344) 24 (2017), 25; 20803-20810

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
rare earth elements ; sea urchins ; developmental defects ; cytogenetic anomalies ; Sphaerechinus granularis ; Arbacia lixula ; Paracentrotus lividus

Sažetak
The widespread use of rare earth elements (REEs) in a number of technological applications raises unanswered questions related to REE-associated adverse effects. We have previously reported on the multiple impact of some REEs on the early life stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The present investigation was to evaluate REE toxicity to early life stages in two unrelated sea urchin species, Sphaerechinus granularis and Arbacia lixula. The comparative toxicities were tested of seven REEs, namely yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium and gadolinium as chloride salts at concentrations ranging from 10−7 to 10−4 M. The evaluated endpoints included developmental defects and cytogenetic anomalies in REE-exposed embryos/larvae, and decreased fertilization success and offspring damage following sperm exposure. The results showed different toxicity patterns for individual REEs that varied according to test species and to treatment protocol, thus showing toxicity scaling for the different REEs. Further, the observed effects were compared with those reported for P. lividus either following embryo or sperm exposures. S. granularis showed a significantly higher sensitivity both compared to A. lixula and to P. lividus. This study provides clearcut evidence for distinct toxicity patterns among a series of REEs. The differences in species sensitivity at micromolar REE levels may warrant investigations on species susceptibility to impacts along polluted coasts.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geologija, Kemija, Biologija

POVEZANOST RADA