Naslov
Symposium: Desire for empathy and reconciliation:Is forgiveness possible?

Autori
Urlić, Ivan ; Milivojević, Ljiljana ; Moro, Ljiljana ; Schultz, Regine ; Jogan, Ettore ; Frančišković, Tanja

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, ostalo

Izvornik
Abstracts / IAGP - Rovinj : IAGP, 2015, 98-98

Skup
19th IAGP Congress, “Despair and Desire in Times of Crisis – Groups in the City … of the World”

Mjesto i datum
Rovinj, Hrvatska, 31.08.2015. - 05.09.2015

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Ostalo

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
forgiveness; reconciliation; group dynamics

Sažetak
In the end of every severe stress situation (like war, terrorist attack, earthquake, fire, etc.) there is a strong need for peace, reconciliation and renewal. But, life goes in a way that the space without conflict cannot be maintained. Thinking in accordance with kleinian concepts, a group in severe stress situation inevitably regresses from depressive (D) to paranoid-schizoid (PS) position. By leaving D position PS position becomes stronger, the borders between a group and an individual weaken, massive projective identifications penetrate into individuals and force them to share mental contents of a group. There is a strong pressure towards homogenization and cohesion among people. Concrete thinking overcomes symbolic thinking, so that the compulsion for action strenghtens at the expense of thinking. The ability to feel guilt and shame, and the processes of mourning fade away. The group in PS position does not have tolerance towards differences. Paranoid rule “with us or against us” makes permanent threat, so that those who are different are identified as enemies. In that situation it is difficult to observe subjects with autonomous psychic life. They are seen as completely negative partial objects, and those who belong to hostile groups can totally lose every similarity with other people around, so that the identification with them becomes not possible. A group in D position maintains border between group and an individual. It allows consciousness about mental life in others and identification with them as with people with whom empathic relationship can be established. After the severe stress situation, when D position strengthens, terrible traumas cannot be integrated without risk of falling into depression. It is not possible to integrate any amount of negative features of ourselves and guilt or shame feelings, if that amount seems relatively bigger that the amount of positive features of ourselves and our group. Reaching again D position is possible if still traumatic contents are dispatched into torn area where PS stances are dominant. Every group as well as every individual have limited ability to accept awareness of some painful mental content. One part of it will remain hidden from the Ego in order not to become overwhelmed by these contents. They will stay split off, not suppressed. This helps groups to maintain the space without conflict which should remain big enough to maintain life and groups wind up clock of illusions in which they wrap the picture of themselves, where wish for reconciliation and forgiveness loom again. But traumas remain stored somewhere and inseparable and during historic shakes they are ready to erupt when they find first opportunity.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita

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