Naslov
Uloga karakteristika adolescenata i roditeljskog ponašanja u predviđanju samootkrivanja roditeljima
(The role of adolescents' characteristics and parental behaviour in predicting self-disclosure to parents)

Autori
Tokić Milaković, Ana

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Ocjenski radovi, doktorska disertacija

Fakultet
Filozofski fakultet

Mjesto
Zagreb

Datum
09.06

Godina
2014

Stranica
237

Mentor
Pećnik, Ninoslava

Ključne riječi
samootkrivanje adolescenata; komunikacija između adolescenata i roditelja; roditeljske reakcije na samootkrivanje; ličnost; teorija samoodređenja; potreba za povezanošću; potreba za autonomijom; potreba za kompetencijom; spolne razlike; majke; očevi
(adolescent self-disclosure; parent-adolescent communication; parental reactions to youth disclosure; personality; self-determination theory; need for relatedness; need for autonomy; need for competence; sex/gender differences; mothers; fathers)

Sažetak
Cilj rada je bio utvrditi može li se i u kojoj mjeri na temelju karakteristika adolescenta, percipiranog roditeljskog ponašanja u kontekstu samootkrivanja te doživljaja zadovoljenja osnovnih psiholoških potreba u odnosu s roditeljem predvidjeti aktualno samootkrivanje adolescenata majkama i očevima. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 1074 učenika sedmih razreda (542 dječaka i 532 djevojčice) iz 50 škola u Hrvatskoj odabranih po slučaju (probabilistički klaster uzorak). Prikupljanje podataka je provedeno grupno u sklopu nastave (stopa odaziva: 89, 6%). Učenici su ispunili upitnik koji se sastoji od tri dijela. Prvi dio uključuje neke temeljne sociodemografske podatke i samoprocjenu „pet velikih“ faktora ličnosti (Scholte, van Aken, & van Lieshout, 1997). Drugi i treći dio upitnika se odnose na odnos s majkom, odnosno s ocem, a sastoje se od sljedećih instrumenata: Upitnik percepcije roditeljskog ponašanja u kontekstu samootkrivanja (razvijen u predistraživanju), Skala samootkrivanja o dnevnim aktivnostima (Stattin & Kerr, 2000), Skala samootkrivanja o osjećajima i brigama (Kerr, Stattin, & Trost, 1999) i Skala zadovoljenosti temeljnih psiholoških potreba u odnosu (La Guardia, Ryan, Couchman, & Deci, 2000). Rezultati su pokazali da spol, ugodnost, savjesnost i otvorenost za iskustva/intelekt adolescenata imaju jedinstveni nezavisni doprinos u predviđanju samootkrivanja adolescenata roditeljima (za razliku od ekstraverzije i emocionalne stabilnosti). Djevojčice se majkama samootkrivaju nešto više nego dječaci, a za samootkrivanje očevima o osjećajima i brigama je pronađeno obrnuto. Percepcija roditeljskog ponašanja u kontekstu samootkrivanja adolescenata objasnila je značajan dio varijance samootkrivanja majkama i očevima povrh ličnosti i spola adolescenata. Pritom sustavno najveći doprinos ostvaruje percepcija tzv. facilitirajućih roditeljskih ponašanja u kontekstu samootkrivanja (Iniciranje razgovora, Podrška i uvažavajuće vodstvo). Pronađeni su moderacijski učinci spola adolescenta na: (1.) povezanost između emocionalne stabilnosti, odnosno savjesnosti adolescenata i samootkrivanja ocu, (2.) povezanost između percepcije facilitirajućih ponašanja majki i aktualnog samootkrivanja majkama, i (3.) povezanost između percepcije inhibirajućih ponašanja majki/očeva i aktualnog samootkrivanja majkama/očevima. U skladu s Teorijom samoodređenja (Ryan & Deci, 2000), doživljaj zadovoljenosti potrebe za povezanošću s majkom, odnosno ocem pokazao se medijatorom povezanosti percepcije roditeljskog ponašanja i aktualnog samootkrivanja adolescenata. Na podacima o majkama, pronađena je i posredujuća uloga zadovoljenosti potrebe za autonomijom. Posredna uloga zadovoljenosti potrebe za kompetencijom u odnosu s majkama i očevima nije potvrđena, kao niti medijacijska uloga zadovoljenosti potrebe za autonomijom u odnosu s očevima.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski

Napomena
SUMMARY: The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine whether and to what extent one could anticipate adolescent self-disclosure to their mothers and fathers on the basis of adolescents’ characteristics, perceived parental behaviour in self-disclosure context and basic psychological needs satisfaction in relationship with parent. This research included 1074 seventh grade students (542 boys and 532 girls) from 50 schools in Croatia chosen randomly (probabilistic cluster sample). Data collection was carried out during the usual class hours (response rate: 89.6%). The students filled in the questionnaires consisting of three parts. The first one included some basic sociodemographic data and self-assessment of “Big Five” personality factors (Scholte, van Aken, van Lieshout, 1997). The second and third parts of the questionnaire related to the relationship with mother and father, and they included the following instruments: Perception of parental behaviors in the context of adolescent disclosure scale (PBAD, developed in the pilot study, Tokić Milaković & Pećnik, in press), Disclosure about daily activities scale (Stattin & Kerr, 2000), Disclosure about feelings and concerns scale (Kerr, Stattin, & Trost, 1999), and Basic need satisfaction in relationships scale (La Guardia, Ryan, Couchman, & Deci, 2000). The results have shown that adolescent sex/gender, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience/intellect have a unique independent contribution in predicting adolescents’ disclosure to parents (unlike extraversion and emotional stability). Girls disclose to their mothers somewhat more than boys, while boys disclose somewhat more than girls to fathers (about their feelings and concerns). Perception of parental behaviour in the context of adolescents’ self-disclosure explained a significant proportion of the variance in self-disclosure to mothers and fathers above and beyond adolescents’ personality and sex/gender. Moreover, adolescent perception of the supposed facilitating parental behaviours in the context of self-disclosure (Initiating conversation, Support and respectful guidance) had the largest unique contribution in all analyses. There were found moderation effects of adolescent sex/gender on: (1.) correlation between adolescents’ emotional stability or conscientiousness and disclosure to fathers, (2.) correlation between perception of mothers’ facilitating behaviours and actual self-disclosure to mothers, and (3.) correlation between perception of mothers’/fathers’ inhibiting behaviours and actual self-disclosure to mothers/fathers. In accordance with the Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000), the perception of need-for-relatedness satisfaction in relationship with mother/father was shown to be a mediator of the correlation between the adolescent perception of parental behaviours and actual self-disclosure to mothers/fathers. A mediating role of need-for-autonomy satisfaction was found in the data concerning mothers only. Mediating role of needs-for-competence in the relationship with mothers and fathers was not affirmed, neither was affirmed a mediating role of need-for-autonomy in the relationship with fathers. Perception of facilitating parental behaviours and some inhibiting behaviours (Unavailability, Punishment) were consistently indirectly connected with the measures of actual self-disclosure through the sense of satisfaction of at least one basic psychological need in all four dyads (mother-son, mother-daughter, father-son, father-daughter), while the results concerning Intrusiveness and A let down were dyad-specific.

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