Naslov
Cadmium, Mercury and Lead in Blood of Urban Women in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, China, Ecuador and Morocco

Autori
Pawlas, Natalia ; Strömberg, Ulf ; Carlberg, Bo ; Cerna, Milena ; Chen, Chunying ; Harari, Florencia ; Harari, Raul ; Horvat, Milena ; Hruba, Frantiska ; Koppova, Kvetoslava ; Krskova, Andrea ; Krsnik, Mladen ; Li, Yu-Feng ; Löfmark, Lina ; Lundh, Thomas ; Lundström, Nils-Göran ; Lyoussi, Baadia ; Markiewicz-Gorka, Iwona ; Mazej, Darja ; Osredkar, Josko ; Pawlas, Krystyna ; Rentschler, Gerda ; Spevackova, Vera ; Špirić, Zdravko ; Sundkvist, Anneli ; Snoj Tratnik, Janja ; Vadla, Draženka ; Zizi, Suomia ; Skerfving, Staffan ; Bergdahl, Ingvar A:

Izvornik
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health (1232-1087) 26 (2013), 1; 58-72

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Cadmium ; Mercury ; Lead ; Blood ; Urban Women ; European cities ; Non-European Cities

Sažetak
Objectives: The aim of the study was to make an international comparison of blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd), lead (B- Pb) and mercury (B-Hg) of women in seven European, and three non- European cities, and to identify determinants. Materials and Methods: About 50 women (age: 46– 62) from each city were recruited (totally 480) in 2006–2009. Interview and questionnaire data were obtained. Blood samples were analysed in one laboratory to avoid interlaboratory variation. Results: Between the European cities, the B-Pb and B-Cd results vary little (range of geometric means: 13.5–27.0 μg/l and 0.25–0.65 μg/l, respectively) ; the variation of B-Hg was larger (0.40–1.38 μg/l). Between the non-European cities the results for B-Pb, B-Cd and B-Hg were 19.2– 68.0, 0.39–0.99 and 1.01–2.73 μg/l, respectively. Smoking was a statistically significant determinant for B-Cd, while fish and shellfish intakes contributed to B-Hg and B-Pb, amalgam fillings also contributed to B-Hg. Conclusions: The present results confirm the previous results from children ; the exposure to lead and cadmium varies only little between different European cities suggesting that other factors than the living area are more important. The study also confirms the previous findings of higher cadmium and lead levels in some non-European cities. The geo-graphical variation for mercury is significant.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Interdisciplinarne prirodne znanosti, Interdisciplinarne tehničke znanosti, Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita

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