Naslov
Lipid levels in neuropsychiatric disorders

Autori
Švob Štrac, Dubravka ; Mustapić, Maja ; Šagud, Marina ; Uzun, Suzana ; Kozumplik, Oliver ; Presečki, Paola ; Nikolac, Matea ; Mimica, Ninoslav ; Nedić, Gordana ; Mihaljević Peleš, Alma ; Pavlović, Mladen ; Marčinko, Darko ; Pivac, Nela ; Mück-Šeler, Dorotea

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Poglavlja u knjigama, znanstveni

Knjiga
Tryglicerides : chemical structure, biosynthesis and role in disease

Urednik/ci
Araujo, Calista ; Perez, Demetrio

Izdavač
Nova Science Publishers

Grad
New York (NY)

Godina
2013

Raspon stranica
1-79

ISBN
978-1-62417-727-9

Ključne riječi
lipids, serotonin, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, major depression, suicidal behavior, antidepressant treatment

Sažetak
Lipids are essential components of the membranes of neurons and astrocytes and play an important role in the development and regulation of synaptic function and plasticity. Lipids regulate physical and electrical properties of neuronal cell membranes, including expression and function of membrane-associated proteins (transporters, receptors), which are targets for neuropsychotropic drugs. A number of studies suggested that various neuropsychiatric disorders and different treatment response in neuropsychiatric patients might be associated with altered brain and serum lipid levels. Since these findings are inconsistent and often contradictory, the role of lipids in the etiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders is still unclear. Some data imply that the aberration of lipid homeostasis could be the risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lower serum lipids i.e. triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high- density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low- density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were found in patients with AD than in healthy elderly subjects. The association between low serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels and cognitive decline during the progress of AD suggests that increased lipid levels could play the protective role in develop of AD.The pathophysiology of mental disorders might be also related to alterations in lipid levels. Lower HDL-C values were found in patients in depressive and manic phase of bipolar disorder (BP) and major depression (MDD), and lower cholesterol levels were found in suicidal psychotic patients, while higher TG levels were found in patients with BP than in control subjects. The results imply that altered atherogenic index (cholesterol/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios) and inverse relationship between HDL-C and TG levels could be the hallmark of affective disorders, while lower cholesterol levels are related to suicidal behavior. The altered lipid profile suggests also that patients with BP and MDD are at higher risk for the development of coronary heart disease. Lipids are shown to interact with serotonergic system, while mental disorders have been connected to alterations in both, serotonergic and lipid system. It has been shown that the increase in platelet serotonin concentrations and decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels could be the characteristic features of psychotic subtype in patients in a manic phase of BP. The effects of serotonin are regulated by several types of its receptors. Pharmacological and genetic research suggest the relationship between lipid profile and serotonergic type 1B (5-HT1B), 2A (5-HT2A) and 2C (5-HT2C) receptors. In agreement, serum cholesterol levels were associated with 5-HT1B receptor gene polymorphism in healthy subjects. The data on the association between the treatment response to antidepressants and lipid profile are scarce and inconsistent. It has been shown that this relationship depends of the structural and functional characteristics of antidepressant dugs. Baseline total cholesterol, TG and LDL-C levels were higher in nonresponders than in responders to paroxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), but not to tianeptine (serotonin reuptake enhancer) acute treatment in non-suicidal patients with MDD. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend the findings that altered lipid profile could play a significant role in the pathogenesis, progress and treatment response in various neuropsychiatric disorders.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Temeljne medicinske znanosti, Kliničke medicinske znanosti

POVEZANOST RADA