Naslov
Experimental models of pain

Autori
Bah Rojecky, Lidija ;

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Abstracts: The 42nd International Danube Neurology Symposium October 21 - 23, 2010, Zagreb / Vida Demarin - Zagreb : The 42nd International Danube Neurology Symposium, 2010, CD-CD

Skup
The 42nd International Danube Neurology Symposium October 21 - 23, 2010, Zagreb

Mjesto i datum
Zagreb, Hrvatska, 21.10.2010. - 23.10.2010

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Plenarno

Vrsta recenzije
Nije recenziran

Ključne riječi
pain; experimental models; rat; mice
(bol; eksperimentalni modeli; štakor; miš)

Sažetak
Animals have been employed in pain research to explore basic physiological mechanisms of pain and to predict analgesic efficacy leading to clinical drug development. There is a wide choice of pain assays in animals. Based on etiology, pain assays can be described as: acute, inflammatory and neuropathic. Acute assays involve applying a noxious stimulus (thermal, mechanical, electrical and chemical) to a convenient body part (hindpaw, tail, muscle, abdomen) leading to nocifensive withdrawal or other simple behaviours that can be easily scored. These acute stimuli are very popular and important as evoking stimuli used to measure hypersensitivity in chronic pain states. For studying inflammatory pain, longer-lasting inflammatory assays which include use of different algogenic substances, such as formalin, capsaicin, carrageenan, immune system-activating substances (zymosan, Freund's complete adjuvant) and nociceptor-sensitizing substances (bradykinin, prostaglandines, serotonin, substance P and pro-inflammatory cytokines) were developed. Depending on the site of injection these substances produce pain lasting from less than 1 hour to more than several weeks. Models of peripheral neuropathic pain commonly include partial, rarely complete, damage to nerves (constriction, partial transection, freezing). Polyneuropathy can be induced by toxic substances/drugs, such as streptozotocin and alloxan to induce diabetic neuropathy, paclitaxel and vincristine to induce chemotherapeutic-induced neuropathy, antiretrovirals to induce AIDS therapy-induced neuropathy, cyclophosphamide to induce cystitis. There are several models of “mirror” pain (e.g. acidic saline-induced bilateral hyperalgesia, bee venom-, capsaicin- and carrageenan-induced bilateral pain) which provide tools to investigate mechanisms of central sensitization. The behaviours typically measured are spinal reflexes (withdrawal), spino-bulbal reflexes (jumping) or simple behaviours (vocalization, licking, guarding, biting). The majority of evoked withdrawal responses measure hyperalgesia and allodynia, not spontaneous pain itself, which is the most important symptom of clinical pain. Despite ethical considerations, limitations, cost and limited success in predicting analgesic efficacy and side-effects of novel therapeutics, animal models of pain continue to be extensively used as an important tool in advancing our understanding of pain and searching for novel analgesics. Supported by Croatian Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, and Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Temeljne medicinske znanosti

POVEZANOST RADA