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\f8\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4472501 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4472501 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4472501 \chftnsepc \par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\headery1418\footery709\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\sb720\sa360\nowidctlpar \tx993\tqc\tx3540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15628862 \rtlch\fcs1 \af519\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\f519\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6565089 \chpgn \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862 m. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862\charrsid9178148 \'8atorga, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862\charrsid9178148 Marjanovi\'e6, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862 n. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862\charrsid9178148 Pavkovi\'e6, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862 n. Boj\'e8eti \'e6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862\charrsid9178148 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862 \line \tab t. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15628862\charrsid9178148 Stankovi\'e6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6565089 \tab \par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\qj \li0\ri-23\sb720\sa360\sl280\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3544\tqr\tx6804\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-23\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af519\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\f519\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af519 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6565089 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15628862\charrsid15628862 IMPROVING DESIGN COMMUNICATION WITH TRACEABLE ENGINEERING DESIGN INFORMATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6565089 \tab \chpgn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6565089 \par }}{\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri2439\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin2439\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6565089 \par }}{\headerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6565089 \par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri2439\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin2439\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6565089 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb1200\sl240\slmult0 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 IMPROVING DESIGN COMMUNICATION }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12676373\charrsid9178148 WITH }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9178148\charrsid9178148 TRACEABLE ENGINEERING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10161565\charrsid9178148 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219227\charrsid9178148 DESIGN }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5186683\charrsid9178148 IN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 FORMATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625076\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1134\ri0\sb480\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14816723 m. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358152\charrsid9178148 \'8atorga, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14816723 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 Marjanovi\'e6, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14816723 n. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358152\charrsid9178148 Pavkovi\'e6, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14816723 n. Boj\'e8eti\'e6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358152\charrsid9178148 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570431 \line t. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14816723 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358152\charrsid9178148 Stankovi\'e6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625076\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1134\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061673\charrsid9178148 University of Zagreb, Croatia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625076\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sa120\sl240\slmult0\keepn\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625076\charrsid9178148 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10115593\charrsid9178148 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625076\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10161565 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 The traditional engineering and manufacturing industry business model \endash based on delivery of the product \endash is beginning to be replaced by one where the emphasis is shifting progressively from supply of the product to product supply and provision of support services throughout the product\rquote s service life. The shift in emphasis from product delivery to product-service delivery means that the \lquote provider\rquote becomes more intimately concerned with the product over its life-cycle and involved with the product over a longer time span. This in turn requires that engineering design information (EDI) development has to remain traceable (so that the EDI is made more accessib le, understandable and reusable) throughout the decades that a product remains in service }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid86737\charrsid9178148 (Sivaloganathan and Shahin 1998)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 . \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s36\qj \fi284\li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10161565 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 Little is currently understood about the requirements for information traceability in engineering design and there are few methods by which effective traceability can be ensured.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678081 There are many similarities and overlapping issues between traceability issues and design rationale capturing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid678081\charrsid6889403 D esign rationale capturing tools are beginning to be accepted in industry, e.g. the Design Rationale editor (DRed) developed by Engineering Design Centre (EDC) of Cambridge University (Bracewell et al. 2009).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sa120\sl240\slmult0\keepn\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1984507 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 2. Traceability difficulties in engineering design \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 Why is the achievement of EDI development traceability in modern highly-automated product development environments, still so difficult? The authors contend t hat the reason has as much to do with processes and human factors as with issues of heterogeneous tools and distributed teams. However, the current engineering design environment frequently militates against traceability since people exchange engineering i nformation across corporate and discipline boundaries, they reuse existing information in new and unpredictable contexts and often information is transposed from one format to another during which information loss occurs. Furthermore, because of lack of t h e formal representations of the complex engineering design information, these exchanges still partly occur informally. As a consequence, retrieval of the engineering design information objects (e.g. with respect to format, type, and contents) as well as c orrect interpretation of its content (due to the specific domain context) is hindered. This, amongst other things, impedes product innovation and produces unnecessary development iterations. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s36\qj \fi284\li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10161565 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10115593\charrsid9178148 The existing practice of recording the outcome of the engineering design process is almost exclusively based upon highly formalised model of the product, in the form of computer-aided engineering models, bills of materials, engineering change orders, etc. However, the detailed process, activities and rationale by which the design has been created and the EDI developed are \endash to the extent that they are recorded at all \endash are recorded largely in an informal manner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid86737\charrsid9178148 (Gies and Goh 2007)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10115593\charrsid9178148 . A consequence is that is difficult to retrace or audit the engineering reasoning that has t aken place during the process of EDI development without extensive work to assimilate and digest design documentation, and that identification of relevant parts of the information records within the documentation requires significant skill and often an in timate knowledge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1984507\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sa120\sl240\slmult0\keepn\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10115593 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10115593\charrsid9178148 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8079741\charrsid9178148 Research }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 questions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8079741\charrsid9178148 and goals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10115593\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10115593\charrsid9178148 It is the central proposition of this research that more useful traceability of EDI development may be obtained by formal description of the different EDI development dimensions. Consequently, the main goals of the research presented here are: \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-280\li580\ri0\sb60\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx580\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\pararsid8079741 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15361960\charrsid9178148 Development of the concepts associated with traceability and incorporation of them into a number of explanatory models of traceability practice in engineering design. \par Building of the formal language for description of the information objects\rquote development traceability in engineering design. This constitutes ontology. \par Development of the tools and methods for visualization and communication of information objects\rquote development traceability using the proposed formal language. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s36\qj \fi284\li0\ri0\sb120\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16335616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 Little is currently understood about the requirements for information traceability in engineering design and there are few methods by which effective traceability can be ensured. Therefore we propose the following research questions: \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-280\li580\ri0\sb60\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx580\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\pararsid7078250 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7078250\charrsid9178148 When and how the requirements for tracing occur? What are the situations that trigger them? \par Which are most common "starting points" for tracing in current engineering practice \endash how they could be structured? \par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-280\li580\ri0\sb60\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx580\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\pararsid14684779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 What is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7078250\charrsid9178148 most often being looked for, and w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 hat is expected to be found? \par In which form the answers are needed?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 What are the questions and requirements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 in most common "tracing" situations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 ? \par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-280\li580\ri0\sb60\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx580\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\pararsid1123151 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 How to structure inf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 rmation fragments in information objects regarding to various contexts and phases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 of product development process?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 \par How to represent and record informal information in traceability process? \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16335616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 Based on the background research done, the following statements can be derived in order to describe disciplinary angles and nature of research: \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-280\li580\ri0\sb60\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx580\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\pararsid3943394 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 Information that is important in a given context according to the engineering design practitioner is recorded in one or more information objects during the information transformation-intensive engineering design process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 We have to investigate how to trace information fragments through more information objects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 \par Traceability refers to process which combines the contextualization of information objects with an audit trial of the development of the information object}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 We have to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 make explicit and visible the information object\rquote s background, sources and foundation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123151\charrsid9178148 \par The contextualization and audit trial of information objects in engineering design is carried out in order to allow assessment of the credibility of the information objects during the processes which result in their creation. \par Information object development refers to the information object life described as intentional informational transformation performed as a cognitive activity by the engineering design practitioners which result in a change in information object content. \par Information content is characterized by its quality and quantity that are assessed by quantity (maturity, complexity, etc.) and quality criteria (correctness, clarity, etc.), among which is traceability. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13840049 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3943394\charrsid9178148 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840049\charrsid9178148 As discussed above, analysis of the concept of traceability has led the authors to the conclusion that a prerequisite for successfully traceability is a formal language for the representation of traceable item s, consisting of a well-defined syntax and semantics. It is concluded also that the greater the extent that semantics are defined for traceable activities and objects, the greater the \lquote intelligence\rquote that can be brought to bear in tracing information development. Thus, both syntactic and semantic information is needed to successfully implement tracing, because it is not enough to know only the form, it is also necessary to know the meaning of traces. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14684779\charrsid9178148 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3943394\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3943394 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3943394\charrsid9178148 There are several directions and challenges for further research: \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-280\li580\ri0\sb60\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx580\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\pararsid3943394 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3943394\charrsid9178148 To explore traceability patterns as a medium to communicate experience-based traceability best practices defined in a uniform way \endash of especially interest would be building research on traceability scenarios based on the engineering activities pat terns for particular types of the engineering design. \par To investigate engineering design information object patterns in order to find and represent common elements of design information object structure in a form that is meaningful for tracing. \par To explore active traceability mechanisms in order to support engineers in tracing information object development with minimum extra effort, especially where tracing information can be recorded automatically. \par To investigate distributed traceability mechanisms for making information object content and context reusable across heterogeneous engineering systems. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sa120\sl240\slmult0\keepn\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625076\charrsid9178148 References \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi-278\li278\ri0\sb40\sl200\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin278\itap0\pararsid10640610 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3100662\charrsid9178148 Ball A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Patel M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3100662\charrsid9178148 , McMahon C, Culley, S, Green, S, Clarkson J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 : 2006, A Grand Challenge: Immortal Information and Through-Life Knowledge Management (KIM), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 International journal of Digital Curation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , 1(1), UKOLN, pp. 53-59.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678081 Wang H, Johnson A, Bracewell R: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678081\charrsid678081 2009 , Supporting Design Rationale Retrieval for Design Knowledge Re-Use, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678081\charrsid9202312 Proceedings of the 17th Int. Conf. on Eng. Design \endash ICED 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678081\charrsid678081 , Stanford University, Stanford, USA, 2009. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 Darlington, M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Culley, SJ, Zha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3100662\charrsid9178148 o, Y, Austin, SA and Tang, L: 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335616\charrsid9178148 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3100662\charrsid9178148 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Defining a Framework for the Evaluation of Information, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Int. Journal of Information Quality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 . \par Eppler MJ.: 2003, Managing Information Quality, Springer, ISBN 3-540-31408-3 \par Gero J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Kannengiesser U: 2004, The situated function \endash behaviour \endash structure framework, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Design Studies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 25, pp. 373\endash 391. \par Giess, MD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564160\charrsid9178148 , Goh, Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 M., et al.: 2007, Improved Product, Process and Rationale Representation and Information Organisation to Support Design Learning, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED\rquote 07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Cite Des Sciences et de L'Industrie, Paris \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 Kelleher J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 : 2005, A Reusable Traceability Freamework using Patterns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Traceability in emerging forms of software engineering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Long Beach, USA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 McAlpine H, Hicks B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 , Huet G, Culley S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 : 2006, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 An investigation into the use and co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 ntent of the engineer\rquote s logbook,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Design Studies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 27, 481-504, Elsevier Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 \par Sivaloganathan S., Shahin TMM (eds): 1998, Design Reuse, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Proceedings engineering Design Conference \rquote 98}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Professional Engineering Publications \par \'8atorga, M, Darlington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 M, Culley S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 J, Marjanovi\'e6 D}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 : 2009, Trace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 ability of the development of 'information objects' in the engineering design process, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research into Design ICoRD\rquote 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , Bangalore, India, 2009. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 \'8atorga, M, Darlington M, Culley SJ, Marjanovi\'e6 D: 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 , }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 Toward a process and method for tracing the development of information objects used in engineering design, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 Proceedings of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 ICED 09 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 International Conference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 on Engineering Design}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10109972\charrsid9178148 Stanford, USA, 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640610\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sa120\sl240\slmult0\keepn\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11275064 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11275064\charrsid9178148 Acknowledgments \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl220\slmult0\widctlpar\tx300\tx426\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11275064 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11275064\charrsid9178148 This paper reports work funded by EUREKA E!4911 TRENIN project (www.trenin.org)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9178148 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11275064\charrsid9178148 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi-278\li278\ri0\sb40\sl200\slmult0\widctlpar\tx426\tx1701\tx2720\tx3020\tx6120\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin278\itap0\pararsid10640610 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3100662\charrsid9178148 \par }}