ࡱ> 576ܥhW eN>iN;PPQQQQQQQQQQQ Q.QhfQQQQQQQQcccc+d@Sf@hiXoiUhQQ !QQQQh~bQQQQ~b~b~bQQQQQc w"Q,NQJQQQQQc~bh~b Popis radova 1996-2000. (Paris Simeon) Magistarski rad: Eksperimentalna prosudba rubnog proputanja cerviksnih ispuna. Microleakage investigation of cervical restorations Saetak: Usprkos adhezijskoj restorativnoj tehnici naknadom karijesnih i nekarijesnih lezija zubnog vrata ne ostvaruje se potpuna sveza materijala i vrata zuba s posljedinom rubnom pukotinom. Svrha ovog istraivanja je bila novim postupkom istraivanja (mjerenjem obojene povrine) dobiti jasniju sliku rubnog proputanja ispuna u podruju vrata zuba te temeljem toga vrednovati proputanje i usporediti ga s ve postojeim nainom vrednovanja (mjerenjem dubine prodora). Osim toga svrha je bila i prosuditi kvalitetu sveze tri poznata restorativna sustava u podruju vrata zuba. Istraivanje je provedeno na 36 intaktnih pretkutnjaka. Nakon termocikliranja (1000 ciklusa, 5o i 55oC) uzorci su zatieni voskom i uronjeni u tintu otpornu na kiselinu (Rotring) (24 sata). Nakon toga uronjeni su u 5% duinu kiselinu (HNO3) na nekoliko dana do omekanja te su otrim instrumentom ispuni izvaeni iz kaviteta. Ispuni su tada pod mikroskopom slikani u tri rotirana poloaja (360o), a slike skenirane te kompjutorski obraene uz pomo CAD-a. U svim ispitnim i kontrolnoj skupini materijala pronaeno je rubno proputanje, ali ustanovljene razlike izmeu ispitnih i kontrolne skupine materijala nisu bile statistiki znaajne. Prosudbom vrijednosti, temeljem distribucije rezultata, oba su sustava statistiki punovrijedna, a od dosadanjih sustava kvalitetnija jer golim okom moemo vidjeti cjelovit rezultat rubnog proputanja. Kljune rijei: mikroproputanje, trodimenzijski, vrednovanje SIMEON P, TARLE Z, PRSKALO K, PEVALEK J, UTALO J. VIII ESE/CED Congress, Goteborg, 1997; abs.P66 Pulp space aberration of mandibular second permanent molars Morfoloke aberacije endodontskog prostora drugog donjeg kutnjaka. Abstract: Canal configuration of mandibular second permanent molars shows irregularities due to variations in root maorphology. It is to be expected that during partial or total fusion of roots, pulp space may also merge. This investigation aimed to examine the appearance of pulp space aberration (C-shaped root canals) and to classify different root canal types when roots of mandibular second molars fuse. A total of 112 randomly chosen mandibular second molars after extraction due to periodontal disease were prepared and analysed. Contrast liyuid (0.1% methylene blue) was injected into prepared teeth. Each toogh was cut into slices to allow better understanding of root canal morphology. Results of analysis revealed fusion, either total or partial in 14 cases (12.5%); total fusion occurred in seven teeth. Fusions were bucco-lingual or only on the buccal side of the root. Various appearances were classified into five types: C-shaped along the root canal, O-shaped, C-shaped distal root canal, C-shaped mesial root canal and H-shaped; each had a different degree of manifestation. Key words: C-shaped, root canal, molars KII S, TARLE Z, SIMEON P, UTALO J. Acta Stomatol Croat 1997;31:115-121. Kompomer kao restorativni materijal karijesnih i nekarijesnih lezija. Compomer as a restorative material for caries and non-caries lesions. Saetak: Kljune rijei: SIMEON P, ANI I, PEVALEK J, UTALO J. 34th I.A.D.R.- C.E.D., Madrid, Spain 1997. J Dent Res 1998; abstr. 175 New method of marginal leakage evaluation Novi postupak vrednovanja rubnog proputanja. Abstract: Marginal adaptation of the restorative material to the cavity wall can result with marginal leakage and may be measured with dissecting microscope or with a SEM method. A deficiency of these procedures is their two-dimensionality. To estimate leakage more precisely it is better to use three-dimensional technique. It can be achieved with technique of colouring with acid resistant ink and demineralizing of specimens with nitric acid. Specimens were finally deprived of definitive filling with an excavator and cavity walls and filling surfaces were reviewed through dissecting microscope. The advantage of this procedure is the possibility to evaluate all margins and walls at the same time and prevent mistakes of linear evaluation. Key words: marginal, measuring, three-dimensional UTALO J, TARLE Z, PRSKALO K, SIMEON P, PANDURI V. Acta Stomatol Croat 1997;31:285-294. Endodontsko lijeenje nekih morfolokih anomalija zubi. Endodontic treatment of some morphological anomalities. Saetak: Kljune rijei: SIMEON P, PEVALEK J, UTALO J, ANI I. - I.F.E.A. 4th Endodontic World Congress, 1998. Deviation of the apical foramen from the root apex and accessory root canals in the apex third of lower permanent incisors and canines. Abstract: Aims of this investigation were to examine the frequency of the deviation, to measure the distance of the main apical foramen from the anatomical apex and to find out the appearance and number of accessory canals in the apical third of the dental root. A total of 46 lower incisors and canines were used in this study. The frequency of the deviation was 50%, the mean distance between apex and foramen was 0.37 mm and the appearance of accessory canals was 43.5%. Key words: deviation, accessory, root canal SIMEON P, PEVALEK J, LAJ M, SMOJVER I, ANI I, UTALO J. PLANAK D. - 76th General Session of the I.A.D.R.,J Dent Res 1998;77:abs 2458. Simple evaluation of microleakage with a new method. Jednostavno vrednovanje rubnog proputanja novim postupkom. Abstract: Until now microleakage was evaluated mostly by supposing its pattern. The best was to understand it would be if we could somehow extract the filling from its cavity and see the leakage in its completeness. Twelve intact premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons have received Class V buccal cavities of uniform dimensions and restored with adhesive restorative Specimens were then thermally cycled for 1000 cycles. After thermocycling root surfaces and adjacent enamel were coated with wax and specimens were immersed in acid resistant ink for 24 hours, then rinsed and immersed in 5% nitric acid for 72 hours. After rinsing and drying, fillings were pulled out from their cavities with an excavator. Leakage pattern was observed and maximal depth of leakage was measured through a calibrated dissecting microscope. Ordinal rating scores (from 0 to 4) were given for marginal dye leakage. Two specimens (16,6%) out of 12 had no leakage and received rating score 0.In ten specimens (83,3%) out of 12 was observed leakage. Since the advantage of this method has been the possibility to evaluate all margins and walls of the filling at the same time, it is possible to get valid understanding and evaluation of certain restorative system even with a simpliest measuring of the leakage depth. Key words: microleakage, three-dimensional, evaluation MARTI D, PRPI-MEHII G, SIMEON P, PEVALEK J. - Collegium Antropologicum.- NAVESTI ASOPIS Morphometrical analysis of main and accessory canals in apical root portion of frontal teeth. Morfometrijska analiza glavnih i akcesornih kanalia apeksne treine korjenova frontalnih zubi. Abstract: Rewieving radiographs may often lead to a misconclusion regarding root canal ending (apical constriction) and anatomical apex of the tooth root. Anthropological measurements may help clinicians to understand better root canal ending aberrations in a sense to decide whether to do revision of the root canal filling or not. The object of this investigation was to examine the deviation frequency, the distance of the major apical foramen from the anatomical apex and occurrence and number of accessory canals in the apical third of the frontal teeth roots. A total of 156 randomly chosen upper and lower permanent incisors and canines, after extraction due to periodontal disease were prepared for the investigation. Access cavity was prepared and the usual root canal debridement was just initiated to prepare endodontic space for methylene blue die injection. Methylene blue clearly died all root canal exits and after that teeth were cut and examined with stereomicroscope and sliding scale. Results indicate that deviation of the major apical foramen was found in 60.25% of cases (deviation frequency) and the mean distance between deviated major foramen and the anatomical root apex was 0.35 mm. Accessory canals in the apex third of the root were found in 33.33% of cases. Data were statistically elaborated with the method of Chi-square test. Key words: deviation, accessory, endodontic, incisors, canines 9. UTALO J, SIMEON P, TARLE Z, PRSKALO K, PEVALEK J, STANII T, UDOVII M. - Collegium Antropologicum, 22 (1998) 1: 179-186. C - shaped root canals of second lower molars C- oblik korjenskih kanala drugih donjih kutnjaka. Abstract: Roots of the second mandibular molar often fuse so the purpose of this investigation was to examine the appearance of C"-shaped root canals and to classify different root canal types. A hundred and twelve randomly chosen second lower permanent molars - after extraction due to periodontal disease - were prepared and then analysed. Contrast liquid (methylene blue) was injected into prepared teeth. Each tooth was cut into slices to view the root canal morphology. Results of the analysis revealed fusion, either total or partial in 14 cases (12,5%). As a conclusion various appearances were classified into 5 types according to the fused canal shapes and the frequency of different types varied from 0.89% - 6.25%. Key words: "C" - shaped, endodontic space, second lower molar, root fusion SRZENTI I, SIMEON P, PEVALEK J, PRSKALO K, GRGUREVI J, UTALO J, ANI I. - IX E.S.E. Congress, Oct. 1999. Zagreb, Croatia). Direct pulp capping with dentinal adhesives Abstract: Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a procedure where exposed pulp tissue is covered with material in order to preserve its vitality. Traditionally calcium hydroxide is used as a material for this procedure. In a recent time it was suggested to use dentinal adhesives as a material for direct pulp capping. The subject of this clinical investigation was to further examine dentinal adhesives as a material for DPC. Eight teeth (in five patients) were chosen for this procedure. All pulps were incidentally exposed and without any simptoms or signs of periapical pathology on an x-ray. After pulps were exposed all teeth were treated with 2,5% sodium hypoclorite for 15 seconds. Cavities were then treated with phosphoric acid, rinsed with isotonic sodium chloride solution and air dried. Then cavities and exposed non bleeding pulps were treated with two layers of adhesives, covered with a thin layer of resin composite and polymerized. Cavities were then restored and patients recalled after 7, 30 days, 3 and 6 months. Recall consisted of vitality and radiographical checking. Four teeth out of eight have been endodontically treated after 7 days. Other four teeth are still vital and are being recalled. To conclude is that dentinal adhesives are still to be investigated for the procedure of direct pulp capping. Key words: direct pulp capping, adhesives SIMEON P, PEVALEK J, JUKI S, PRSKALO K, UTALO J, ANI I. - 78th General Session of I.A.D.R., Washington, U.S.A., J Dent Res (abstr. 3127). Microleakage evaluation of composite restoratives. Vrednovanje mikroproputanja kompozitnih materijala. Abstract: Almost total understanding of microleakage was obtained using the method of extracting the filling out of the cavity and observing the pattern of dye leakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate three restorative systems by observing microleakage using this method. Fortyeight intact premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons have received buccal cervical cavities of uniform dimensions. Teeth were divided in four groups of twelve and restored (Group 1 - T.P.H. + Prime&Bond 2.0.; Group 2 - Heliomolar + Syntac S.C.; Group 3 - Tetric + Syntac S.C.; control group 4 - Fuji II LC). Teeth were thermocycled, protected with wax, immersed in acid resistant ink (Rotring Ink) for 24 hours, then immersed in 5% nitric acid (3 days) until softened enough to pull the fillings out of their cavities. Leakage pattern was observed on extracted fillings and maximal depth of leakage (scores or levels from 0 to 4) was measured through a dissecting microscope. Results show that leakage occurred at levels 1 and 2 in Group 1 in 10/12 specimen (83.3%), in Group 2 in 4/12 (33.3%), in Group 3 in 2/12 specimen (16.6%) and in Group 4 in 8/12 (58.3%). Differences between Groups 1 and 4 were not statistically significant (P<0.05). Differences between Groups 2 and Groups 3 and 4 were not statistically significant (P<0.05). Differences between Groups 3 and 4 were statistically significant (P<0.05). Although differences between some groups were significant to evaluate certain material further investigation should be performed using this method of investigation. Key words: microleakage, evaluation, restoratives JUKI S, VIDUI D, BOI , ANI I, SIMEON P, SISTIG S. - 78th General Session of I.A.D.R., Washington, U.S.A., J Dent Res (abstr. 3370). Removal of the Root Canal Filling Using a Nd:YAG Laser. Uklanjanje ispuna korjenskih kanala rabei Nd;YAG laser. Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the use of Nd:YAG laser in removing the gutta percha filling from the root canal: a)without solvent, b)with eucalyptol and c)with dimethylformamide (MDF) as solvent regarding the temperature on the root surface and time required for the procedure. The root canals of thirty single rooted human teeth were instrumented and filled with Diaket (ESPE, Germany) sealer and gutta-percha points by cold lateral condensation. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups: group I- teeth were lased in the presence of eucalyptol, group II - teeth were lased in the presence of a MDF as a solvent, and group III - retreatment was performed by laser without a solvent. Each tooth was irradiated with Nd:YAG laser (Twinglight Dental Laser, Fotona, Slovenia), (20 Hz and 1,5 W). During the lasing temperature on the root surface was recorded. After stabilizing the temperature of the external surface, laser irradiation was performed until the temperature rose 5oC. The temperature continued to rise for the 30 seconds approximately. The time of cooling and time required for the total retreatment was recorded. The procedure was assumed completed when the tip of the fiber had reached the apex and there was not any evidence of gutta-percha on the paper points. Each tooth received 3 laser exposures. The average temperature rose in the group I - 8.3+-0.7oC, in group II 9.2+-0.7oC, and in group III 6.4+0.6oC. Average period of time to complete treatment was the shortest in the group III , then in the eucalyptol group and DMF group. Removal of gutta-percha root canal filling by the Nd:YAG laser alone and in combination with solvents could be useful in clinical work because of the shorting of time required for the removing of the inapropriate root canal filling. .A *yzWX]^ * + m n s t pr''((((%/'//[56t6v6N>h>uV]^]hhhU]]]^6()*z{G * + n z 48.  48. h 48.  48. n q t =\  48.  48.  48.  48. 4qr  48.   48.  48.  48. F  48.  48.  48. ; 48. m345$$$$$H%{%|%%%%(iiif 48.  48 .  48.  48.  48. (((((Y)))......t/////664656x x x x {x x x x x x x x x   48 .  48.  48 .  48 . n5666677:7;7M>N>x x x x x x x x  48 .  48 .  48. K"@"Normal ]`a c"A@"Default Paragraph Font"2`"List 26]`"4`"List 4l]`,E`,List Continue 26x]`$B`"$ Body Textx]`N; N>!       !+4N;%Y#+Oh> n (56N>!"#$%&' &*569;JKSTZ[fgqrx   !*.56;<FGHINOSVbcijsuz{ %/0;<=>HIKNQR\]depr{| "#/167FMTYZaghjktu{|}~    #$*+3467?AGHJKOT_`gjmnvw#$+,23;<=>GHOPZ[_epqy{   ()1289DGNOUWgiwy+56?@LMUV\]cdl. 8 t z    % A I J M N Z [ d e o p q r ~  G J Q V LZ8CDMNST_`ijnr|03_kq~BKLZp~!",-1?Hiv?Jis~ !!"!"""0"""""""""""""""$%$%%G&M&O&V&v&~&''( ((((()#)+*6*****Z+b+Q,W,`,c,e,j,x,,,,,,,,,, -----.F.L.......// //B/N/// 33333333334 4 44444$4%4+4,424u4{4444444445555S6X6l6v66666 7&7.787G7M7O7W7x7~7778888D:N:::,;8;P;hSIMEON)C:\WINWORD\PARIS\SEKRETAR\Popisradsve.docSIMEONA:\Popisradsve.docSIMEONA:\Popisradsve.docSIMEONA:\Popisradsve.docSIMEON'C:\WINWORD\PARIS\RADOVI\Popisradsve.docSIMEON'C:\WINWORD\PARIS\RADOVI\Popisradsve.docSIMEONA:\Popisradsve.docSIMEONA:\Popisradprojekt.docSIMEONA:\Popisradprojekt.docSIMEON+C:\WINWORD\PARIS\RADOVI\Popisradprojekt.doc@Canon BJC-6000LPT1:CJRSTRCanon BJC-6000Canon BJC-6000(J 4dhCJRSTR d;4 ;4 4 ""Fhh @ LPT1: 4  HArialNoneCanon BJC-6000(J 4dhCJRSTR d;4 ;4 4 ""Fhh @ LPT1: 4  HArialNone63N;6363fTimes New Roman Symbol &ArialTimes New Roman CECRO_Calligraph-Normal"Ahkc1F$ #k0h!U7Popis radova napisanih u 1998. godini (dr Paris Simeon)testSIMEONRoot EntryAFiles of type FO=%M=WordDocument`@nCompObjjSummaryInformation( H9><?ABCDEFGIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcd8   HArialNoneCanon BJC-6000(J 4dhCJRSTR d;4 ;4 4 "DocumentSummaryInformation8 Root EntryAFiles of type FO=@53=WordDocument`iCompObjjSummaryInformation(  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012349<osoft Word for Windows 95@i\E#@Irp@b3)>@r1՜.+,0HPx  Stomatoloski fakultet Zagreb@h 8Popis radova napisanih u 1998. godini (dr Paris Simeon) FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.69qOh+'0( 8D l x  8Popis radova napisanih u 1998. godini (dr Paris Simeon)Ftest0DC Normal.dotSIMEON20Micr"Fhh @ LPT1: 4  HArialNoneX%%5373P;;;@@h>@(@i>@46@k>@M>fTimes New Roman Symbol &ArialTimes New Roman CECRO_Calligraph-Normal"Ahkc1F' #m1h!U7Popis radova napisanih u 1998. godini (dr Paris Simeon)testSIMEONܥhW eN>n;PPQQQQQVQxVVVV V.VmfHVHVHVHVHVHVHVHVlhnhnhnh+h@j@mmXRnU7m]QHV !HVHVHVHV7mgQQHVHVgggHVQHVQHVlh%M"Q,NQJQQQQHVlhgjg Popis radova 1996-2000. (Paris Simeon) Magistarski rad: Eksperimentalna prosudba rubnog proputanja cerviksnih ispuna. Microleakage investigation of cervical restorations Saetak: Usprkos adhezijskoj restorativnoj tehnici naknadom karijesnih i nekarijesnih lezija zubnog vrata ne ostvaruje se potpuna sveza materijala i vrata zuba s posljedinom rubnom pukotinom. Svrha ovog istraivanja je bila novim postupkom istraivanja (mjerenjem obojene povrine) dobiti jasniju sliku rubnog proputanja ispuna u podruju vrata zuba te temeljem toga vrednovati proputanje i usporediti ga s ve postojeim nainom vrednovanja (mjerenjem dubine prodora). Osim toga svrha je bila i prosuditi kvalitetu sveze tri poznata restorativna sustava u podruju vrata zuba. Istraivanje je provedeno na 36 intaktnih pretkutnjaka. Nakon termocikliranja (1000 ciklusa, 5o i 55oC) uzorci su zatieni voskom i uronjeni u tintu otpornu na kiselinu (Rotring) (24 sata). Nakon toga uronjeni su u 5% duinu kiselinu (HNO3) na nekoliko dana do omekanja te su otrim instrumentom ispuni izvaeni iz kaviteta. Ispuni su tada pod mikroskopom slikani u tri rotirana poloaja (360o), a slike skenirane te kompjutorski obraene uz pomo CAD-a. U svim ispitnim i kontrolnoj skupini materijala pronaeno je rubno proputanje, ali ustanovljene razlike izmeu ispitnih i kontrolne skupine materijala nisu bile statistiki znaajne. Prosudbom vrijednosti, temeljem distribucije rezultata, oba su sustava statistiki punovrijedna, a od dosadanjih sustava kvalitetnija jer golim okom moemo vidjeti cjelovit rezultat rubnog proputanja. Kljune rijei: mikroproputanje, trodimenzijski, vrednovanje SIMEON P, TARLE Z, PRSKALO K, PEVALEK J, UTALO J. VIII ESE/CED Congress, Goteborg, 1997; abs.P66 Pulp space aberration of mandibular second permanent molars Morfoloke aberacije endodontskog prostora drugog donjeg kutnjaka. Abstract: Canal configuration of mandibular second permanent molars shows irregularities due to variations in root maorphology. It is to be expected that during partial or total fusion of roots, pulp space may also merge. This investigation aimed to examine the appearance of pulp space aberration (C-shaped root canals) and to classify different root canal types when roots of mandibular second molars fuse. A total of 112 randomly chosen mandibular second molars after extraction due to periodontal disease were prepared and analysed. Contrast liyuid (0.1% methylene blue) was injected into prepared teeth. Each toogh was cut into slices to allow better understanding of root canal morphology. Results of analysis revealed fusion, either total or partial in 14 cases (12.5%); total fusion occurred in seven teeth. Fusions were bucco-lingual or only on the buccal side of the root. Various appearances were classified into five types: C-shaped along the root canal, O-shaped, C-shaped distal root canal, C-shaped mesial root canal and H-shaped; each had a different degree of manifestation. Key words: C-shaped, root canal, molars KII S, TARLE Z, SIMEON P, UTALO J. Acta Stomatol Croat 1997;31:115-121. Kompomer kao restorativni materijal karijesnih i nekarijesnih lezija. Compomer as a restorative material for caries and non-caries lesions. Saetak: Kljune rijei: SIMEON P, ANI I, tanding of microleakage was obtained using the method of extracting the filling out of the cavity and observing the pattern of dye leakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate three restorative systems by observing microleakage using this method. Fortyeight intact premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons have received buccal cervical cavities of uniform dimensions. Teeth were divided in four groups of twelve and restored (Group 1 - T.P.H. + Prime&Bond 2.0.; Group 2 - Heliomolar + Syntac S.C.; Group 3 - Tetric + Syntac S.C.; control group 4 - Fuji II LC). Teeth were thermocycled, protected with wax, immersed in acid resistant ink (Rotring Ink) for 24 hours, then immersed in 5% nitric acid (3 days) until softened enough to pull the fillings out of their cavities. Leakage pattern was observed on extracted fillings and maximal depth of leakage (scores or levels from 0 to 4) was measured through a dissecting microscope. Results show that leakage occurred at levels 1 and 2 in Group 1 in 10/12 specimen (83.3%), in Group 2 in 4/12 (33.3%), in Group 3 in 2/12 specimen (16.6%) and in Group 4 in 8/12 (58.3%). Differences between Groups 1 and 4 were not statistically significant (P<0.05). Differences between Groups 2 and Groups 3 and 4 were not statistically significant (P<0.05). Differences between Groups 3 and 4 were statistically significant (P<0.05). Although differences between some groups were significant to evaluate certain material further investigation should be performed using this method of investigation. Key words: microleakage, evaluation, restoratives JUKI S, VIDUI D, BOI , ANI I, SIMEON P, SISTIG S. - 78th General Session of I.A.D.R., Washington, U.S.A., J Dent Res (abstr. 3370). Removal of the Root Canal Filling Using a Nd:YAG Laser. Uklanjanje ispuna korjenskih kanala rabei Nd;YAG laser. Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the use of Nd:YAG laser in removing the gutta percha filling from the root canal: a)without solvent, b)with eucalyptol and c)with dimethylformamide (MDF) as solvent regarding the temperature on the root surface and time required for the procedure. The root canals of thirty single rooted human teeth were instrumented and filled with Diaket (ESPE, Germany) sealer and gutta-percha points by cold lateral condensation. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups: group I- teeth were lased in the presence of eucalyptol, group II - teeth were lased in the presence of a MDF as a solvent, and group III - retreatment was performed by laser without a solvent. Each tooth was irradiated with Nd:YAG laser (Twinglight Dental Laser, Fotona, Slovenia), (20 Hz and 1,5 W). During the lasing temperature on the root surface was recorded. After stabilizing the temperature of the external surface, laser irradiation was performed until the temperature rose 5oC. The temperature continued to rise for the 30 seconds approximately. The time of cooling and time required for the total retreatment was recorded. The procedure was assumed completed when the tip of the fiber had reached the apex and there was not any evidence of gutta-percha on the paper points. Each tooth received 3 laser exposures. The average temperature rose in the group I - 8.3+-0.7oC, in group II 9.2+-0.7oC, and in group III 6.4+0.6oC. Average period of time to complete treatment was the shortest in the group III , then in the eucalyptol group and DMF group. Removal of gutta-percha root canal filling by the Nd:YAG laser alone and in combination with solvents could be useful in clinical work because of the shorting of time required for the removing of the inapropriate root canal filling. .A Key words: root canal, revision, Nd:YAG laser*yzWX]^ * + m n s t pr''((((%/'//[56t6v6N>h>i>k>>uV]^]hhhU]]]^9()*z{G * + n z 48.  48. h 48.  48. n q t =\  48.  48.  48.  48. 4qr  48.   48.  48.  48. F  48.  48.  48. ; 48. m345$$$$$H%{%|%%%%(iiif 48.  48 .  48.  48.  48. (((((Y)))......t/////664656x x x x {x x x x x x x x x   48 .  48.  48 .  48 . n5666677:7;7M>N>i>j>k>l>m>x x x x x x x x x x x x x  48 .  48 .  48 .  48. 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