ࡱ> PRO%`Kbjbj"x"x.R@@>>>>>>>R D R        $h>   >>  bbb R> > b bb>>b  / Hb0b*"b>b "@ bX l    L    RRR$v DRRRv RRR>>>>>>  UPORABA ULTRAZVUKA U POSTUPCIMA ASISTIRANE REPRODUKCIJE KOZA J. Grizelj1, S. Vince1, M. Karadjole1, T. Dovenski2, M. Samard~ija1, N. Prvanovi1, M. Beli1, M. Lipar1,T. Dobrani1 1Veterinarski fakultet Sveu iliata u Zagrebu, Hrvatska; jgrizelj@vef.hr, svince@vef.hr 2Fakultet veterinarske medicine Sveu iliaa Sv. irila i Metoda, Skoplje, Makedonija Sa~etak Ultrazvu ni pregled jajnika omoguuje vizualizaciju i mjerenje jajni kih struktura (folikuli, ~uta tijela). U zemljama razvijenog kozarstva rutinski se koristi transabdominalni ultrazvu ni pregled (5 MHz), dok je transrektalni ultrazvu ni pregled (7,5 MHz) koza ograni en samo na znanstvena istra~ivanja. Detaljni ultrazvu ni prikaz preovulatornih i ovulatornih folikula u koza je napravljen u novije vrijeme. Ultrazvukom se mo~e pratiti rast folikula ve od veli ine 2 mm (mali antralni folikuli) koji se vizualiziraju u vidu anehogenih okruglih struktura tanke stijenke. U vrijeme ovulacije promjera su 6 do 8 mm. Ovulacija se potvruje ako na mjestu folikula nema viae prisutne antralne aupljine, ve je prisutna samo poveana heterogena ehogenost (~uto tijelo). Jedno istra~ivanje je utvrdilo da je broj ultrazvu no utvrenih folikula e"5 mm u vrijeme estrusa u korelaciji s brojem ~utih tijela utvrenih prilikom laparoskopije. Takav odnos bi mogao biti koristan za predvianje uspjeha ovulacije u superovulacijskim protokolima. Cilj ovog istra~ivanja bio je ustanoviti ultrazvu nu preciznost u predvianju stope ovulacije superovuliranih koza. U tu svrhu koriateno je 17 koza burske pasmine podvrgnutih standardnom superovulacijskom protokolu. Kozama su ultrazvu no pregledavani jajnici u vrijeme estrusa kako bi se izbrojali preovulatorni folikuli te nakon ovulacije (48 h kasnije) kako bi se izbrojali neovulirani folikuli. Preciznost ultrazvu nih pregleda je odreena tako da se broj ~utih tijela usporedio s brojem preovulatornih folikula kojima je oduzet broj neovuliranih folikula. Pri tome je utvreno relativno odstupanje ultrazvu nog predvianja stope ovulacije od 38.37 %. Zbog manjeg broja ~ivotinja koriatenih u pokusu odnos ~utih tijela i preovulatornih folikula nije signifikantan, unato  prisutnoj tendenciji koju bi trebalo provjeriti na veem broju ~ivotinja ili ultrazvu nih pregleda s viae razli itih ordinarijusa. Dobiveni rezultati se podudaraju s ranijim istra~ivanjima koja su pokazala da ultrazvu ni pregled jajnika superovuliranih koza omoguuje utvrivanje samo pribli~nog broja folikula. Najvei razlog za nemogunost odreivanja to nog broja folikula je superpozicija folikula odnosno prikrivanje jednog folikula s drugim ako ih je vei broj. U prilog tome govore i bolji rezultati ako su brojani jajnici s manje od 10 folikula. Ultrazvu ni pregledi jajnika superovuliranih koza daju korisne informacije o folikularnoj dinamici, potvrdi i postotku ovulacije te samom uspjehu superovulacije, a ujedno atedi vrijeme jer se iz protokola mogu izbaciti ~ivotinje u kojih se na jajnicima pojave ciste ili pak ne doe do ovulacije. THE USE OF ULTRASOUND EQUIPMENT AS A TOOL IN GOAT ASSISTED REPRODUCTION PROCEDURES J. Grizelj1, S. Vince1, M. Karadjole1, T. Dovenski2, M. Samard~ija1, N. Prvanovi1, M. Beli1, M. Lipar1,T. Dobrani1 1Veterinary faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia; jgrizelj@vef.hr, svince@vef.hr 2Facu    " $ , . 8 : B D N P V X h j n p  hWX6CJPJ]aJh&oh6CJPJ]aJ!h&oh6CJH*PJ]aJhJjvh5H*\]hJjvh5\]hJjvh{O5H*\]h&o5\]hJjvh{O5\]hJjvh5\hJjvh%5\0|~l n  @ VZ $7$8$H$a$gdx $7$8$H$a$gd% 7$8$H$gd $7$8$H$a$gd&o $7$8$H$a$gdK $ ^ p r   > @ "(0:Ddfn "46@jl𶬤hxhJjv\hxh0U\hxh#\ h&o\hxhY\hJjvhi5\h&oh6CJPJ]aJh&oh&o6CJPJ]aJhWX6CJPJ]aJh06CJPJ]aJh&oh%6CJPJ]aJ3 0RT^(0\ntxz|~$(24>@DFPRZ\lnrtԽhb h&oh&oh&omH sH h&ohxhJjvmH sH  h&ohJjvhxhJjv\ hb\ h]\ h&o\ hx\hxh.U\FF:LPTVn|~t,.6>8~X\2HZ\˼˼˷ h2\ h5%8\ h `\ h1\ h,\ h]\ hx\ hb\hxhx\hbhxh.UmH sH  h&oh.UhxhJjvmH sH  h&ohJjvB^ ` b f h v x z | !!!!!!$!&!0!2!8!:!J!L!P!R!!!"2ȽUh&ohWX6CJPJ]aJ!h&ohWX6CJH*PJ]aJhJjvhWX5H*\]hWX5\]hJjvhWX5\] hWX5\hJjvhx5\ h&o5\hJjvhi\hxh25\ h25\ hx5\4 ` b N!P!!2228l>DBBDLIKKKK$a$gd1$a$gdx $7$8$H$a$gd% 7$8$H$gdWX $7$8$H$a$gdWX $7$8$H$a$gdxlty of Veterinary Medicine  Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia Examination of the ovaries with ultrasound device allows the visualization and measuring of ovaries and its cyclic structures (follicles, CLs). The transabdominal ultrasound exams (5 MHz) are done routinely in the countries where intensive goat industry has been practiced. Nevertheless, transrectal exams of the ovaries and uterus are restricted to the scientific purposes mostly. The frequency used to obtain a detailed view of the ovarian structures are higher (7.5 MHz) than those used for transabdominal purposes. Routine identification of ovaries and their structures could be difficult or even not possible in some stages of goat oestrous cycle. The detailed ultrasonographic patterns of preovulatory and ovulatory follicles in goats have not been performed until recently. The ovulatory size of follicles is 6-8 mm. However, ultrasound exam allows the small antral follicles (2-3 mm) to be detected as anechoic structures of spherical shape and thin wall and to follow up their growth and development. It is considered that the ovulation has occurred, if the absence of follicular antrum, with ultrasound exams performed once a day, and the presence of increased heterogeneous echogenicity in follicular site was found. One study approved that number of follicles e"5 mm at the time of the onset of oestrus, correlate with the number of CLs counted when laparotomy was carried out. Moreover, that relationship could be used to predict the ovulation rate within superovulatory protocols. The aim of this research was to establish the importance and accuracy of the ultrasonic examination of donor goats submitted to assisted reproduction procedures. For this reason, 17 donor goats were systematically examined by ultrasound to count the preovulatory follicles (e"5 mm) at observed oestrus onset and to confirm occurred ovulation(s). The accuracy of ultrasound exams was measured comparing previous findings with number of corpora lutea (CLs) present when flushing was performed. The total relative undervalue of ultrasound prediction of ovulation was found to be 38.37 %. Due to the small number of animals the relationship is not significant, but there exist tendency which should be tested on bigger sample of animals or/and bigger number of performers to obtain better quantitatively calculation of ovulatory response. The found total relative undervalue of ultrasound prediction of ovulation is in accordance with previously findings which pointed out that sonographic examination could only enable the researcher to establish the tendency in follicle numbers and makes counting the exact number of follicles impossible. One of the explanations of such difference could be follicular superposition. The follicles placed one next to another could mask each other and consequently provoke mistakes. If there were less then 10 follicles per ovary the results were even better. The ultrasonic examination of donor goats is appreciable tool to follow up follicular dynamics, success of superovulation procedures and to confirm the ovulation as well as to predict the ovulatory rate. On the other hand, it is possible to reject from protocol those goats with follicular cysts or which didn t ovulate. 2222^6`66777:T<h>j>l>@AAABBDBBB°—°‚°m°W°A+h1B*CJOJQJ^JaJmH phsH +hQYhi6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1hiCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h5h.UCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1h5hiB*CJOJQJ^JaJmH phsH "hiCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h5hiCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH hiCJOJQJ\^JaJhJjvhWX5\h&ohWX6CJPJ]aJBrCCDDDEEPGRGDHlHHHJILITJdJrJzJJ滢}taL:L:L"hiCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h5hiCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH %h,hiB*CJaJmH phsH h,h1PJ$h1h1CJOJPJQJ^JaJ"h1CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1h5h1B*CJOJQJ^JaJmH phsH (h5h1CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h1B*CJOJQJ^JaJmH phsH 1h5h1B*CJOJQJ^JaJmH phsH JpKzKKKKKKʹ h]5CJOJQJ\^JaJ"hiCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "hD7CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "h,CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH ,1h. A!"#$% @@@ NormalCJ_HaJmHsHtH>A@> Zadani font odlomkaVi@V Obi na tablica4 l4a .k@. 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