ࡱ> SVR[ Qbjbj 4^ΐΐl * * m w 8d3nO(wwww$"JwwGwwwM2G]0"""T8"* 3: Marko Antun de Dominis znanstvenik-istinski motritelj i kraanski moralist Ana SMONTARA Institut za fiziku, Bijeni ka cesta 46, HR-10 000 Zagreb e-mail:asmontara@ifs.hr Sa~etak/Abstract Marko Antun de Dominis znastvenik-istinski motritelj i kraanski moralist, koji je pronaaao da se u sjeni sun eve zrake vidi viae boja te bio pretea u teoriji plime i oseke. Roen je na otoku Rabu 1560. (to an datum nije poznat) u uglednoj plemi koj obitelji. Odmalena je pokazivao entuzijazam i talent za u enje. Polazio je Jezuitsku gimnaziju u Loretu i zapo eo studij u Veroni, te nastavio u Padovi. Tamo je izu avao filozofiju i studirao teologiju te predavao matematiku (1585.-92.) a nakon toga je predavao matematiku, retoriku i filozofiju u Brescii (1592-95). Od 1596. vrai du~nost biskupa u Senju, 1600. postaje senjski biskup u vrijeme burnih dogaaja s uskocima, a 1602. postaje splitskim nadbiskupom. Zbog pokuaaja da smanji prava splitskog kaptola, ogor io je kler i splitsko plemstvo i izazvao oatar sukob koji je trajao sve do 1615. godine, kada Dominis bje~i iz Splita u Veneciju. Zbog kritika i rasprava o reformi crkve dolazi i u sukob s papom te odalzi u Englesku. Predaje na sveu iliatima u Oxfordu i Cambridgeu koje mu dodijeljuje po asni doktorat iz teologije. U Veneciju se vra a u vrijeme pape Grgura XV. Nakon papine smrti, Dominis je zatvoren i umire 8. rujna 1624. godine. Na posmrtnom procesu tri mjeseca kasnije proglaaen je heretikom i javno spaljen 21. prosinca iste godine s knjigama i spisima na trgu Campo del Fiore u Rimu. De Dominis je uz teologiju izu avao je i fiziku posebice optiku. Dva svoja zna ajna prirodoznanstvena djela napisao je kao profesor matematike u padovanskoj isusova koj gimnaziji oko 1590. godine, da bi ih dotjerao i objavio sa zakaanjenjem od dva desetljea potaknut Galileievim otkriem dalekozora 1609. godine. Objelodanio je svoju raspravu O zrakama vida i svjetlosti u leama i u dugi (De radiis visus et lucis in vitris perspectivis et iride, 1611.) u kojoj je teorijski obrazlagao rad dalekozora i tuma io pojavu duge. Na temelju mnogobrojnih pokusa s leama Dominis je stekao ispravnu, premda samo kvalitativnu predod~bu o lomu zrake svjetlosti te je prou avao uvjete uz koje bi kombinacija lea djelovala kao Galileiev dalekozor. Eksperimentirajui sa staklenim kuglama ispunjenim vodom, ustanovio je da se svjetlost odbija i na unutraanjoj stijenci kiane kapi i tako protuma io nastanak unutarnjeg luka duge. Njegovo tuma enje duge tijekom 18 stoljea do~ivjelo je mnoge prosudbe od pretjeranih pohvala Isaaca Newtona do kriti kih ocjena Christiana Huygensa i Ruera Boakovia. U drugom djelu Eurip ili rasprave o pritjecanju i ponovnom otjecanju mora (Euripus seu defluxu et refluxu maris sententia, 1624.) Dominis objaanjava utjecaj Mjeseca na izmjenu plime i oseke. Objaanjenje se temelji na ideji privla nih sila izmeu Mjeseca i Zemlje, koje je kasnije podrobno objaanjena u Newtonovoj teoriji gravitacije. Ovo ga je tuma enje ponukalo da i sustavno izla~i razloge u prilog okruglosti Zemlje. Iako danas nije aire poznat znanstvenik, Dominis je bio utjecajni lan znanstvene zajednice 17. stoljea i u povijesti svjetske znanosti ima mjesto kao fizi ar i teolog i jedan od najveih umova (pored R. Boakovia i N. Tesle) koji su ponikli na naaim prostorima. Marko Antun de Dominis scientist-a true observer and a Christian moralist Marco Antun de Dominis scientist - a true observer, and a Christian moralist, who found that in the shadow of the sun's rays to see more color and was a forerunner in the theory of the tides. He was born on the island of Rab 1560 (exact date not known) in a prominent aristocratic family. From an early age he showed talent and enthusiasm for learning. He attended the Jesuit high school in Loreto and began studying in Verona, and went to Padua. There he studied philosophy and theology, studied and taught mathematics (1585-1592) and then taught mathematics, rhetoric and philosophy at Brescia (1592-1595). Since 1596 he serves as the Bishop of Senj, 1600 becoming Bishop of Senj during the tumultuous events with fugitives, and 1602 becomes Archbishop of Split. Due to attempts to reduce the rights of the Split Chapter, he ,.08:, \ ^ ` n ·¦wk`UJU?hSh;CJaJhSh2CJaJhShOCJaJhSh/pCJaJhShf6CJaJhShi6CJaJhShf6CJaJhShf5CJaJhSh$CCJaJ!jhSh0JCJUaJhShiCJaJhShfCJaJ hShf0JCJaJmH sH  hShf0JCJaJmH sH  hSh4nu0JCJaJmH sH ., \ ^ ` .""""$dh-DM [$\$`a$gdS$dh7$8$H$`a$gdS$dh`a$gdSgd((~ $dha$gdS$a$gd((~   * , z |      d p x  H L 궧}}}n_PhShcR&CJaJmHsHhSh ECJaJmHsHhShoXCJaJmHsHhSh$CCJaJmHsHhShOCJaJmHsHhvmCJaJmHsHhSh;CJaJmHsHhShoXCJaJhShs(CJaJhShz$CJaJhvmCJaJhSh;CJaJhSh#CJaJhShCJaJL N   : F H N V X l n N8D$4pĵĦyӗjyyyhShz CJaJmHsHhShUCJaJmHsHhSh0YCJaJmHsHhSh;CJaJmHsHhSh[&CJaJmHsHhSh$CCJaJmHsHhSh ECJaJmHsHhShcR&CJaJmHsHhSh6j8CJaJmHsHhShz$CJaJmHsH)p:<",.0^`bdD*,.4DJ$񤕉zzzhSh[CJaJmHsHhvmCJaJmHsHhSh0YCJaJmHsHhShs(CJaJmHsHhSh^CJaJmHsHhShcR&CJ\aJmHsHhShpCJ\aJmHsHhShcR&CJaJmHsHhShpCJaJmHsH*$2448d:<D^ JBDLNVοοέοοοοέέ΀΀q΀οΏhSh^CJaJmHsHhShNCJaJmHsHhShs(CJaJmHsHhvm6CJ]aJmHsH"hSh[6CJ]aJmHsHhSh[CJaJmHsHhSh0YCJaJmHsH"hSh0Y6CJ]aJmHsHhSh0YCJ]aJmHsH) $ L!N!P!T!!!!""""""0"8"Q"R"S"Z"ָָwfUfF7hSh/pB*CJaJph333h$Ih/pCJaJmHsH!hSh/p0JB*CJaJph333!hSh/p0JB*CJaJph333"hSh/p5CJ\aJmH sH  hSh/p0JCJaJmH sH hSh/pCJaJmHsHhShs(CJaJmHsHhShNCJaJmHsHhSh^CJaJmHsHhShCCJaJmHsHhvmCJaJmHsHhShLCJaJmHsH"R"S"#:=H2K4KKK LfLhLLq$dh-DM [$\$a$gdS$dh-DM [$\$a$gd((~$dh-DM [$\$`a$gd((~$dh-DM [$\$`a$gdS$dh-DM [$\$`a$gd$I Z"""###"#=#x#$ $=$@$$$$,%-%7%%%829:99999 :":::;;<<:=渡vvvhvfUhvm0J B*CJaJph333!hSh/p0J B*CJaJph3332hSh3d0J B*CJaJfHph333q ,h30J B*CJaJfHph333q ,h((~0J B*CJaJfHph333q ,hvm0J B*CJaJfHph333q 2hSh/p0J B*CJaJfHph333q $angered the clergy and the nobility of Split and caused a sharp conflict, which lasted until the 1615, when Dominis run from Split to Venice. Because of his criticism and debate on the reform of the church he comes in conflict with the pope, and went to England. He teached at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which awarded him an honorary doctorate in theology. In Venice, returning in the time of Pope Gregory XV. After Pope's death, he was imprisoned and died 8 September 1624. To a death process, three months later he was declared a heretic and publicly burned 21 December of that year with his books and writings on the square Campo del Fiore in Rome. De Dominis has studied theology with physics and especially optics. Two of his significant works of natural science written as a professor of mathematics at the Jesuit Gymnasium at Padova about 1590, to refine them and released with a delay of two decades, driven by Galilei's discovery of binoculars 1609. Revealed by his discussion Of the rays of sight and light lenses and long rainbow (De radiis visus et lucis in vitris perspectivis et iride, 1611.) in which the theoretical explanation of the work of binoculars and interpreted rainbow. Based on numerous experiments with lenses, he properly obtained, although only a qualitative idea of the fracture rays of light and studied the conditions under which the combination of lenses act as a Galile s telescope. Experimenting with glass bowls filled with water, he found that the light bounces at the inner wall of the raindrops and thus interpreted the formation of the inner rainbow. His interpretation of the rainbow long 18th century has seen many judgments from the excessive praise of Isaac Newton to critical ratings Christian Huygens and Ruer Boakovi. In the second part Eurip or discussions on the inflow and re-flow of the sea (Euripus seu defluxu et reflux maris et sententia, 1624). Dominis explains the influence of the moon on the tides change. The explanation is based on the idea of attractive force between the Moon and Earth, which is detailed later in Newton's theory of gravity. Although not widely known scientist today, Dominis was an influential member of the scientific community of the 17th century, and in the history of world science has its place as a physicist and theologian and one of the greatest minds (in addition to R. Boakovi and N. Tesla) that they originated in our country. Klju ne rije i: Marko Antun de Dominis fizika, optika, djelo Key words: Marko Antun de Dominis physics, optics, work LITERATURA/REFERENCES 1. Marko Antun de Dominis, Opera Physica/ Radovi iz fizike, HAZU, lamaro, Split 2005. 2. Ante Maleti, Skica za portret Marka Antuna de Dominisa, lamaro, Split 2008. 3. Ana Smontara, HYPERLINK "http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?&rad=383296" \t "_blank"Hrvatski znanstvenici Mohorovi i-Boakovi-De Dominis u predmetnom kurikulumu, ppt. prezentacija (HYPERLINK "http://condensed-matter.ifs.hr/" \t "_blank"http://condensed-matter.ifs.hr/)  Rad je prezentiran na znanstvenom skupu Hrvatski prirodoslovci 20 u Sinju, 14. -15. listopada 2011.     :=R=h=n=J>N>???J@L@\@^@d@@@AAZB^BCCDηΝΌqηqYqη;η:hSh/p0J B*CJOJQJaJfHph333q /hvm0J 6B*CJaJfHph333q 5hSh/p0J 6B*CJaJfHph333q !hSh/p0J B*CJaJph3332hSh3d0J B*CJaJfHph333q ,hvm0J B*CJaJfHph333q 2hSh/p0J B*CJaJfHph333q .hSh/pB*CJaJfHph333q DDFENEEEE4F>F@FFF GGGHHNIIIIK0K2KϚϚϚ|eVJhD0B*CJaJph333hSh/pB*CJaJph333,h((~0J B*CJaJfHph333q :hSh/p0J B*CJOJQJaJfHph333q 5hSh/p0J 6B*CJaJfHph333q 2hShvm0J B*CJaJfHph333q 2hSh/p0J B*CJaJfHph333q ,hvm0J B*CJaJfHph333q 2K4KPKTKKKKKKKKKKK L2L:LXLdLfLhLLLL MfMMMغɺɫغrcScSchSh" 6CJaJmHsHhSh" CJaJmHsHhSh/pCJaJmHsHhSh$ICJaJmHsHh/pCJaJmHsHhShD0CJaJmHsHhShB(CJaJmHsHhSh^CJaJmHsHhShB*CJaJmHsHhShB*5CJaJmHsH.h((~h$IB*CJaJfHph333q LBMMPPPPPPPPPPPQQdh-DM [$\$gd((~$dh-DM [$\$a$gdSMMMM NNNN,O.O0OVOXOZOOOP P PPPPFPHPPŧŖsk`VRJBJhTmHsHhmHsHhjh0JUhhimHsHhSCJaJ-hShS0JB*CJOJQJ^JaJph333hfB*CJaJph hShS6B*CJaJph3hShS0J6B*CJOJQJ\^JaJphh ajh aUhShSB*CJaJphh((~B*CJaJmHphsH%hShSB*CJaJmHphsHPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQhhimHsHjh?Uh?hhB*mHphsHhfhmHsHhfhfmHsH21h:pJ/ =!"#$% ^! 2 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~_HmH nH sH tH @`@ JNormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA`D Default Paragraph FontRiR 0 Table Normal4 l4a (k ( 0No List VU@V ; Hyperlink,7>*B*CJOJQJS*Y(^JaJo(phe HTML Preformatted72( Px 4 #\'*.25@9CJOJQJ^JaJHH Z Balloon TextCJOJQJ^JaJ*W@!* 4nuStrong5\>@2> }/ Footnote TextCJaJ@&@A@ }/Footnote ReferenceH*B^RB RB Normal (Web)dd[$\$.Xa. RBEmphasis6]0Or0 Sc44dd[$\$00 Sc38dd[$\$LL @uvlaka32]^d`a$ B*ph3PP @ txt3bold1&5B*CJ OJQJ\^JaJ o(phNN @txtbold1&5B* CJ OJQJ\^JaJ o(phHH @txt31&5B*CJ OJQJ\^JaJ o(phFF @txt4&5B* CJ OJQJ\^JaJ o(ph,O, f short_textO fhps*O* B( long_textPK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlYOo6w toc'vuر-MniP@I}úama[إ4:lЯGRX^6؊>$ !)O^rC$y@/yH*񄴽)޵߻UDb`}"qۋJחX^)I`nEp)liV[]1M<OP6r=zgbIguSebORD۫qu gZo~ٺlAplxpT0+[}`jzAV2Fi@qv֬5\|ʜ̭NleXdsjcs7f W+Ն7`g ȘJj|h(KD- dXiJ؇(x$( :;˹! I_TS 1?E??ZBΪmU/?~xY'y5g&΋/ɋ>GMGeD3Vq%'#q$8K)fw9:ĵ x}rxwr:\TZaG*y8IjbRc|XŻǿI u3KGnD1NIBs RuK>V.EL+M2#'fi ~V vl{u8zH *:(W☕ ~JTe\O*tHGHY}KNP*ݾ˦TѼ9/#A7qZ$*c?qUnwN%Oi4 =3ڗP 1Pm \\9Mؓ2aD];Yt\[x]}Wr|]g- eW )6-rCSj id DЇAΜIqbJ#x꺃 6k#ASh&ʌt(Q%p%m&]caSl=X\P1Mh9MVdDAaVB[݈fJíP|8 քAV^f Hn- "d>znNJ ة>b&2vKyϼD:,AGm\nziÙ.uχYC6OMf3or$5NHT[XF64T,ќM0E)`#5XY`פ;%1U٥m;R>QD DcpU'&LE/pm%]8firS4d 7y\`JnίI R3U~7+׸#m qBiDi*L69mY&iHE=(K&N!V.KeLDĕ{D vEꦚdeNƟe(MN9ߜR6&3(a/DUz<{ˊYȳV)9Z[4^n5!J?Q3eBoCM m<.vpIYfZY_p[=al-Y}Nc͙ŋ4vfavl'SA8|*u{-ߟ0%M07%<ҍPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] Lkn ^  L p$Z":=D2KMPQ)*+-."LQ,(>vXXt@# AA@0(  B S  ?q\8K1 CjU MRVD8K1 (+IyfQ'w( I@qh9V2Cj)~<@qVD=BVj w( IN1p(+IU M'Q)~<dT `eh9V e&2] e&2],edT `eyf =BVj2,jRN1pT)vm! WO " y ;( az #/[c)O (z$$x%&cR&eI(s(l)*B*v-}/2Jt3vd66j8;:>n@wB E6VE;LF\FdF$IJKQQN R a^b3db\dhh:hjzl_op/p&tHmtmt4nu~~wzm|7|((~LoXZJmRBl}f<dNk!!,[&V53Hfm&I0YSWvobkp'4imz!^$C#I_6B(D0bc?S-/@KOU7;$CX7Wh}R:G(Si1@(| `` ` ````` `D@`8UnknownG* Times New Roman5Symbol3. * ArialA BCambria Math?1 Courier New5" Tahoma"1h +f +fc3FDU3DU302HX  ?)2!xx Ana SmontaraIFSOh+'0  4 @ L Xdlt| Ana Smontara Normal.dotmIFS2Microsoft Office Word@@l@G@GDU՜.+,D՜.+,, hp|  IF3  TitleH 8@ _PID_HLINKSA 1< http://condensed-matter.ifs.hr/X*http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?&rad=383296  !"#$%&'()*+,-./123456789:;<=>?@ACDEFGHIKLMNOPQTUXRoot Entry FlP2GW1Table0"WordDocument 4^SummaryInformation(BDocumentSummaryInformation8JMsoDataStore :2GM2GIMYLAEFWYKRKA==2 :2GM2GItem PropertiesUCompObj y   F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q