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\snext26 Body Text 3;}}{\info {\title Sanja Steiner, D}{\author mirko}{\operator Sanja Steiner}{\creatim\yr2000\mo8\dy19\min37}{\revtim\yr2000\mo9\dy10\hr21\min9}{\printim\yr2000\mo9\dy10\hr21}{\version7}{\edmins106}{\nofpages9}{\nofwords3414}{\nofchars19461}{\*\company } {\nofcharsws0}{\vern8247}}\paperw11906\paperh16838\margl1417\margr1417\margt1417\margb1417 \widowctrl\enddoc\aenddoc\hyphhotz425\aftnnar\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120 \dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl \fet1\sectd \linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl {\header \pard\plain \qc \li0\ri792\widctlpar\faauto\rin792\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 48}{\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 th}{\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 International Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine \par }\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 17-21, 2000 }{\fs16\lang1050\langfe1050\langnp1050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \par }}{\footer \pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs22 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs22\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof 2}}}{\cs22 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\faauto\rin360\lin0\itap0 { \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 { \fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par \par \par \par \par \par 48}{\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 th}{\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 International Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine \par Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 17-21, 2000 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1410\li1410\ri432\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \faauto\rin432\lin1410\itap0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1410\li1410\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin1410\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Title:\tab }{\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \tab MODEL OF ORGANIZING MULTIPURPOSE SAR/EMS SERVICE IN CROATIA}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \tab \par }\pard \ql \fi-1410\li1410\ri432\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \faauto\rin432\lin1410\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Author:\tab }{\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Sanja Steiner, Ph.D., Jasna Golubic, Ph.D., Alojz Brkic, Ph.D.}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \ql \fi708\li708\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin708\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 University of Zagreb \par Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering \par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \fi708\li708\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel1\rin432\lin708\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {Zagreb, Croatia \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \tab \tab E-mail: }{\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 ssteiner@fpz.hr}{ \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1410\li1410\ri432\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \faauto\rin432\lin1410\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Abstract: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 The justification for establishing an emergency medical air-service in Croatia can be assessed by analyzing the basic criteria \endash traffic dynamics and number of traffic fatalities, emphasized periodical fluctuation of population, traffic isolation of certain regions due to climatic and configuration characteristics, as well as popularization of nautical tourism. \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {The draft of the development plan of emergency medical aviation should encompass main aspects \endash dimensioning of operational areas, selection of locations for operational centers, calculation of the size of specific-purpose fleet, and choice of adequate fleet means. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Organizing and operationalization of the medical service assumes also an assessment of staff requirements, both regarding number and qualifications profile, and the necessary logistics. \par Due to air traffic volume and the tendency of growth, mainly international air traffic in Croatia, the possibilities of organizing a national SAR/EMS/DISASTER management center should be evaluated. The center would provide multipurpose operative, i.e. rational utilization of available inf rastructure and technical resources of land, water and air traffic. \par }\pard \ql \fi-1410\li1410\ri432\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \faauto\rin432\lin1410\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Key words: Search and Rescue, (Helicopter) Emergency Medical Service, Operational Area, Operational Center, National Management Center \par }\pard \ql \fi-1410\li1410\ri432\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \faauto\rin432\lin1410\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par \par \par \par \par \par }{\b\fs24\lang1031\langfe1050\langnp1031 Sanja Steiner, Ph.D. \par }{\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 University of Zagreb \endash Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering \par }\pard\plain \s1\qc \li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin432\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1050 {\fs20\lang1031\langfe1050\langnp1031 E-mail: ssteiner@fpz.hr \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\b\fs24\lang1031\langfe1050\langnp1031 \par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel3\rin432\lin0\itap0 \b\fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs28\lang1031\langfe1050\langnp1031 \tab }{\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 MODEL OF ORGANIZING MULTIPURPOSE SAR/EMS SERVICE IN CROATIA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par \par }\pard\plain \s5\qc \li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel4\rin432\lin0\itap0 \b\fs22\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Introduction}{\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Apart from obvious efficiency in rescue and evacuation activities in inaccessible terrain, air traffic means confirm their peerless advantages compared to other means of transport, also regarding speed, which in today\rquote s conditions of medical treatment of those injured in traffic accidents, at work and elsewhere, very often means a saved life. \par The existing level of motorization and the tendency of further growth result at the same time in a high level of threat to the health and the lives of citizens. \par According to statistical data, in about 65% of accidents with fatalities, death occurs within the first 25 minutes. \par If first medical aid is administered to severely injured within 14 minutes from the accident, the number of further complications that may cause death affects only 20% of the total number of treated victims. \par In case of later first aid, which means medical treatment more than 28 minutes after the accident, the consequences and complications, including death, occur in 80% of cases. \par These reasons indicate the need to supplement the conventional method of emergency medical treatment and transport of victims by more sophisticated and faster means of medical air-service. \par Practice confirms that HEMS}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {REFERENCES \par \par }{\cs24\super \chftn }{ HEMS - Helicopter Emergency Medical Service.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 -operational body, i.e. medical treatment and direct transport of victims by air to specialized medical facility, greatly reduces the time of total medical treatment and convalescence. \par Direct access and speed of intervention by specially equipped air means , along with the primary task of saving lives, shorten the duration of medical treatment and result in parallel reduction of treatment costs, faster integration of the convalescent into normal life and work, and this in turn results in positive economic e ffect multiply exceeding the HEMS-exploitation costs. \par \par }\pard\plain \s9\qc \li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel8\rin432\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Experiences in Europe \par }\pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Professional multipurpose medical air transport services (Air Medical Transport) have been organized in the European countries. \par Primary EMS}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ EMS - Emergency Medical Service.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 activity, consisting of 50-65% flight operations, is rescue i.e. medical treatment of severely injured persons and their transport to the nearest specialized medical facility. \par 35-50% of operational activities of these services refer to secondary \'93inter-hospital\'94 transfers of patients, and repatriation flights, i.e. transport of human organs, plasma, blood, drugs and medical equipment. \par In the majority of countries the EMS fleet is engaged also in search and rescue operations (SAR}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ SAR - Search and Rescue.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 ), and evacuation in case of accidents (at sea, in the mountains, inaccessible places) or natural disasters. \par The beginnings of organizing medical air services were marked by the founding of GASS}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{\lang1024\langfe1024\langnp1031 GASS - Garde Aerienne Swisse de Sauvetage}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 on 27 April 1952 . For its purposes it engaged at the beginning trained parachutists, and later developed helicopter operational services. \par Today\rquote s REGA - Swiss Air Rescue Services, with headquarters in Zurich have an organized air fleet of 14 helicopters type Agusta A-109-K2 and three double-engine jet aircraft, located at ten operational centers. \par REGA-network covers 160% of Swiss territory, and provides air intervention to any location within time period of 15 minutes. \par Germany developed the operational service of air rescue - ADAC}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{\lang1024\langfe1024\langnp1031 ADAC \endash Allgemeine Deutsche Automobil-Club.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 -Luftrettung, founded in 1968 with headquarters in Munich, which has 19 operational bases, and the Stuttgart-based company Deutsche Rettungsflugwacht, which has 11 operational bases. For the purposes of air rescue ADAC has Eurocopter fleet consisting of 29 helicopters type BO 105 CBS-5; BK 117 B2; EC 135 and MD 900. \par The first medical air service in England was organized in 1987, and today England has twelve HEMS companies, the majority of which operate on the basis of voluntary donations. In 1997 the National Association of Air Ambulance services \endash NAAAS}{ \cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ NAAAS \endash National Association of Air Ambulance Services.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 was founded, and using as model the German ADAC the associate sponsor is the most numerous English Automobile Association AA}{ \cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ AA \endash Automobile Association.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 , which will finance the purchase of seven new helicopters by the year 2002. \par The services operate independently, i.e. in separate operational regions, and the average intervention time is within 20 minutes. \par Following the 2}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 nd}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 International Congress of Medical Air Services (AIRMED 85) in Zurich, HEMS operational service of the former Czechoslovakia was founded in 1987. \par However, these countries have experience from the past through 50-year operation of mountain rescue services, and the helicopter was first used in rescue operations in the High Tatra Mountains already in 1965. \par The Czech Republic and Slovakia today are countries with highly developed operational medical air services (among the leading o nes in Europe) and well organized HEMS-network with ten operational centers in the Czech Republic and seven operational centers in Slovakia. The helicopter takes off within 2.5 minutes following a call, and the intervention time is within 14 minutes. \par Medical air services of the Czech Republic and Slovakia are supported in their operation by police and army, as well as private companies Bel Air (Slovair), Air Transport Europe and Alfa Helicopter. \par Austria, Italy and Slovenia also have organized air rescue services, and as Alpine countries a developed co-operation of the members of the international air rescue committee IKAR. \par The Austrian automobile association \'d6AMTC}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 { \cs24\super \chftn }{\lang1024\langfe1024\langnp1031 \'d6AMTC \endash \'d6sterreichische Automobilclub.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 organized in 1983 air rescue service Christopherus-Lu ftrettung, whose helicopter fleet is deployed at six operational centers. \par In Italy, the first operational center of air rescue service was organized in 1985 by the Italian automobile association Automobile Club d\rquote Italia in Bologna. Today, the fleet amounts to about some forty helicopters deployed at 25 operational centers. \par In Luxembourg, medical air service LAR}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ LAR \endash Luxembourg Air Rescue.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 , was organized in 1988 on private initiative, and almost 40% of citizens are its members. LAR operates two of their own helicopters located at two bases, and the intervention time is 8 minutes. \par The Norwegian air ambulance NLA}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ NLA \endash Norsk Luftambulanse.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 was founded in 1978, and HEMS operational service is based on commercial businesses. The fleet includes six helicopters of type BO 105, and the takeoff follows 3 minutes after receiving a call during the day, and up to a maximum of 10 minutes at night. \par In 1995, the Norwegian tourist club ANWB}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{\lang1024\langfe1024\langnp1031 Origin: Koninklijke Nederlandse Toeristenbond ANWB}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 organized air rescue service. The management and commercial affairs with two helicopters and bases at Amsterdam and Rotterdam belonged to the operational scope of the Medical Air Assistance company (club ownership). In 1999 the air rescue service became socially-owned enterprise, and management remained under ANWB authority. There are plans to supplement the fleet with two helicopters and to establish new operatio nal centers. \par Medical air services in the European countries are financed from the budgetary means of the government and the local authorities, through government insurance funds, health funds, and private insurance companies, automobile associations, mounta ineering associations and private companies. \par International co-operation of EMS services is based on bilateral contracts, and at the level of Europe there is an intention of forming a unique operational area through CEN projects}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ CEN - Committee for European Normisation.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 of the European Committee for standards, that apart from standardization of medical equipment for conventional means also works on such equipment for planes, helicopters and off-road vehicles. \par Unique operational service enables the takeof f of the EMS fleet without previous announcement to the air traffic control service, and within the limiting area of benefits measures (the formalities of crossing state borders) transporting victims from one country to another. \par \par }\pard\plain \s3\qc \fi720\li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel2\rin432\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Characteristics of specific-purpose HEMS means \par }\pard\plain \qc \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Although the leading world helicopter manufacturers (Agusta SPA, Bell Helicopter Textron, PZL-Swidnik, Sikorsky Aircraft) have included also specific-purpose means into their manufacturing programs, the domination and full affirmation in the field of emergency aviation belong to Eurocopter specific-purpose means. \par After marketing its first model of helicopter BO-105 and its improved versions on the world market, this European manufacturer kept permanently developing the manufacturing te chnology taking into consideration the need for certain design modifications and flight performance improvements. \par Specific requirements of extending the cabin providing additional space for patients and for medical treatment, design of the door at the tail so as to optimize the time needed for loading/unloading operations, various interior modifications so as to allow fast positioning of the stretcher with the patient and treatment of patients in the cabin, as well as design solution of the tail rotor, hav e been systematically analyzed and taken into consideration in designing the Eurocopter model of helicopter EC-135. \par Etymologically, the development of this model started in the early 80s with MBB}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{\lang1024\langfe1024\langnp1031 MBB - Messerschmitt-B}{\lang1031\noproof0\langnp1031 \'f6}{\lang1024\langfe1024\langnp1031 lkow-Blohm GmbH.}}}{ \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 experimental program BO-108, supported by the German government. \par The task was to design a prototype of a helicopter for single-pilot IFR}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 3{\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super 3}{ IFR - Instrumental Flight Rules.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 -operations, as well as significant improvement of performances and maneuverability and reduction of direct exploitation costs by 25% compared to BO-105. \par The follow-up to this program was the new EC-135 program of the German DASA}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ DASA - Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG. New European corporation EADS \endash European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company was founded by joining of the German DASA, French Aerospatiale Matra and Spanish CASA.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 in co-operation with the French company Aerospatiale. \par Regarding design the basic characteristics of EC-135 include improvements of the main rotor, which, due to required reduction of noise and vibrations, is made without bearings in the so-called BMR}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ BMR - Bearingless Main Rotor.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 -version, drag reduction by approx. 30% achieved by rotor installation angle of 5}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 , use of composite material, involved rotor in the tail structure, etc. \par Besides, flight performances have been significantly improved as well as the overall aerodynamics, and the pilot cabin is designed for better visibility and equipped with combined system of conventional and electronic instruments. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard\plain \s8\ql \li0\ri432\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel7\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs20\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Table 1: Basic technical characteristics of medical emergency helicopters \par }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth924 \cellx6096 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth946 \cellx7042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\b\ul Manufacturer \par }{\b\fs16 \par TYPE OF HELICOPTER}{\b\fs16\ul \cell }{\b\fs16 Main rotor diameter (m)\cell }{\b\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Total length (m)\cell }{\b\fs16 Total height (m)\cell Weight of the empty helicopt. (kg)\cell Max. takeoff weight (kg)\cell Traveling speed (km/h)\cell }{\b\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Flight ceiling (m)\cell }{\b\fs16 Range (km)\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\b\fs16 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth924 \cellx6096\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth946 \cellx7042 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA2880\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8853 \cellx8745\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth236 \cellx8981\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2644 \cellx11625\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx13065\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx14505\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx15945\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx17385\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\ul Eurocopter International\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\cell \cell \cell \cell \cell \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA2880\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8853 \cellx8745\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth236 \cellx8981\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb \brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2644 \cellx11625\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx13065\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx14505\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx15945\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx17385\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1065 \cellx6237\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth805 \cellx7042\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {AS-350 BA }{\fs16 Ecureuil}{\cell 10.69\cell 12.94\cell 3.14\cell 1146\cell 2250\cell 234\cell 4875\cell 730\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1065 \cellx6237 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth805 \cellx7042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\row }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 { AS-355 N }{\fs16 Ecureuil}{\cell 10.69\cell 12.94\cell 3.14\cell 1436\cell 2600\cell 224\cell 4000\cell 721\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {BO-105CBS\cell 9.84\cell 11.86\cell 3.00\cell 1301\cell 2500\cell 240\cell 3048\cell 555\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 { \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1065 \cellx6237\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth805 \cellx7042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1440 \cellx20265\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 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\trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1065 \cellx6237\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth805 \cellx7042 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1065 \cellx6237 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth805 \cellx7042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {BK-117C-1 \cell 11.00\cell 13.00\cell 3.36\cell 1732\cell 3350\cell 247\cell 3050\cell 540\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw30 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth20373\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA11520\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1526 \cellx1418\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx2333\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth915 \cellx3248\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth951 \cellx4199 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth973 \cellx5172\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1065 \cellx6237\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth805 \cellx7042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth873 \cellx7915\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830 \cellx8745\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 { \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \fi360\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \s17\qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 HEMS operational service in Croatia \par }\pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par Before the war Croatia had no organized air rescue service. For some emergency cases police and military helicopters were used. This, however, included usually emergency transport of victims to hospital facilities, mainly for commercial purposes. \par In the 90s, when HEMS networks were more systematically organized and specialized fleets developed in the majority of European countries, Croatia had to defend herself and to liberate her regions in the aggression against it, fo llowed by the problems of revitalization and repair of damages and destruction suffered during the war. The process of political and economic transition simultaneously made the economic situation in the country more complex. \par The justification for establishing an emergency medical air-service in Croatia can be assessed by analyzing the basic criteria \endash traffic dynamics and number of traffic fatalities, emphasized periodical fluctuation of population, traffic isolation of certain regions, due to climatic and configuration characteristics, as well as popularization of nautical tourism. \par Croatia covers an area of about 87,600 km}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 2}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 , out of which one third consists of territorial waters. The Croatian shore has 1,185 islands, 67 of which are inhabited. The coast is 5 ,835 km long, with 1,777 km of mainland and 4,058 km the islands. The indentation and the Adriatic Sea as the cleanest sea in the Mediterranean are extremely attractive for nautical tourism. In 1990 over 110,000 foreign vessels navigated across the Croati an Adriatic. \par Croatian economy is primarily oriented towards the development of tourism. Tourist traffic before the war ranged between 8 and 10 million tourists annually. In 1990 more than 5 million foreign tourists visited the country. \par After the war, the tourist economy is gradually getting revitalized. The year 1999 marked a turnover of 4.75 million tourists and a significant growth tendency was confirmed during actual year\rquote s season. \par A great number of inhabited islands, not forgetting the insufficiently or ganized traffic connections with the mainland, tourist migration of greater dimensions, as well as the geo-traffic position of tourist destinations, along with the already mentioned popularization of nautical tourism, require a more serious approach to or g anizing the operational service of air rescue and medical assistance in Croatia. A fact that also speaks in favor of this is the insufficient conditions of land traffic infrastructure further complicating the conventional forms of emergency medical aid, a s well as the high fatality rate in traffic. \par Considering the need to organize HEMS operational service in Croatia, the first step was made in August this year by signing an agreement between relevant ministries of health, the interior and defense, by which four police and military helicopters are made available for emergency care of patients from the islands, exclusively on humanitarian basis. One military helicopter type MI 17 is equipped with modern surgical instruments. The helicopters are located at fou r bases (Zagreb, Pula, Zadar, Split) and they are available 24 hours a day. Within the budget of the Ministry of Health financial means have been planned for the necessary equipping of heliports at 12 islands. The costs of helicopter exploitation are plann ed for in the budget of the Ministry of Defense. This agreement has been joined also by the Croatian Automobile Association, HAK, as a sponsor who will finance the purchase of medical equipment for the helicopters. \par In organizing this specific-purpose operat ional service, and in the participation of the automobile association as the interested sponsor a beginning of a more systematic approach to organizing a complete HEMS network in Croatia can be recognized, as well as a certain acquisition of the intereste d partners, first of all the insurance companies, tourist agencies, nautical and mountaineering associations and also of commercial and private companies. \par Modeled on the countries with developed emergency medical aviation, the assumptions for organizing HEM S operational service in Croatia lie in the size and structure of the specific-purpose fleet, locating of operational centers and training of professional teams. \par The most important part in planning the fleet is to determine the primary allocation of means, and the experience shows that the efficiency of HEMS is optimized by organizing professional service with unique dispatcher management, and by application of specialized means. \par The use of a multipurpose fleet, e.g. police and military air means for medica l purposes cannot satisfy the specific requirements of prompt action since the necessary modification of the helicopter, loading of the necessary medical equipment, disinfecting the cabin and updating the professional team (flight and medical) result in s ubstantial time losses. \par The basic criterion in dimensioning operational areas and locating of HEMS operational centers is the coverage of a territory regarding critical rescue time, and fleet performance, first of all the reference helicopter speed. \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par }\pard\plain \s26\qj \li0\ri432\sa60\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs20\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Table 2: Area covered by operational activities depending on the rescue time and helicopter speed \par }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth7614 \cellx8748\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \cell }{\b\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Critical rescue time (min)\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb \brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth7614 \cellx8748\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2538 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2538 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2538 \cellx8748\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \cell 15 \cell 20\cell 25\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2538 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2538 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2538 \cellx8748\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh \brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\b\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Refer. speed (km/h)\cell }{ \fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Operat. radius (km)\cell Area coverage (km}{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 2}{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 )\cell }{\fs16\lang1031\langfe1050\langnp1031 Operat. radius (km)\cell }{ \fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Area coverage (km}{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 2}{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 )\cell }{\fs16\lang1031\langfe1050\langnp1031 Operat. radius (km)\cell }{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Area coverage (km}{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 2}{\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 )\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs16\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 { \b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 220\cell }{\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 55\cell 9503\cell 73\cell 16895\cell 92\cell 26398\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 230\cell }{ \lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 57.5\cell 10387\cell 77\cell 18466\cell 96\cell 28852\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 240\cell }{ \lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 60\cell 11310\cell 80\cell 20106\cell 100\cell 31416\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\row }\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 250\cell }{\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 62.5\cell 12272\cell 83\cell 21817\cell 104\cell 34088\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 { \b\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 260\cell }{\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 65\cell 13273\cell 87\cell 23597\cell 108\cell 36870\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108 \trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1242 \cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx3672\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx4941\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx6210\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx7479\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw45 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw45 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1269 \cellx8748\row }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par The efficiency of emergency operation can be increased by overlapping of operational areas, thus increasing the effective operational coverage of an area, i.e. reducing the time necessary for rescue operation. \par Regarding area coverage, the necessary HEMS ne twork in Croatia should be planned optimally with eight to nine operational centers taking into account the minimal flight speed and the shortest critical rescue time, whereas a satisfactory average would be with three to five operational emergency center s within speed ranges of 230-240 km/h and critical rescue time of 20-25 minutes. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard\plain \s8\ql \li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel7\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs20\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Table 3: Calculation of the number of operational centers of a Croatian HEMS network \par }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6816 \cellx8412\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 { \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \cell NUMBER OF OPERATIONAL CENTERS\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6816 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6816 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \cell Critical rescue time (min)\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6816 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl \brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Refer. speed (km/h)\cell \par 15\cell \par 20\cell \par 25\cell \par 30\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb \brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 220\cell 9\cell 5\cell 3\cell 2\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 { \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 230\cell 8\cell 5\cell 3\cell 2\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr \brdrnone \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr \brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 { }{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 240\cell 8\cell 4\cell 3\cell 2\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 { \fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \clshdng2000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 250\cell 7 \cell 4\cell 3\cell 2\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb \brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\pard \qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin432\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 260\cell 7\cell 4\cell 2\cell 2\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx1596\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl \brdrdb\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx3300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx5004\clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx6708\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw30 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw30 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1704 \cellx8412\row }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par In the calculation of the HEMS fleet, special attention needs to be paid to the selection of means, whose performances need to meet the specific requirements of single operational areas. \par Regarding configuration characteristics for operational areas at high er altitudes (mountains) it is necessary to select specific-purpose means of higher rate of climb and flight ceiling, and regarding climatic characteristics, for operational areas of higher mean air temperatures, the means of greater engines power are nee ded. \par The dimensioning of operational areas of medical air-service in Croatia has been determined by the selection of locations of operational centers and by the available size and structure of the fleet. \par Apart from the criteria of area coverage, the statistical indicators of fatality rates in certain regions also need to be taken into account. \par Locating of operational centers is closely linked with the concept of organizational structure of the medical air-service, i.e. the accompanying logistical support. \par It would be suitable to locate such centers close to the major clinical and hospital facilities with planned co-ordination of the authorized air traffic control, service of the interior, meteorological service, firefighting service and others. \par In case of combined SAR/EMS}{\cs24\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\super\langnp1033 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1050 {\cs24\super \chftn }{ SAR/EMS - Search and Rescue/Emergency Medical Service.}}}{\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 operational services, the location of operational centers can be planned within airports. \par }\pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 In selecting the location, the possible expansion of HEMS network should be taken into long-te rm consideration, i.e. an increase in the number of operational centers, as well as possible establishing of alternative or additional regional centers. In planning the infrastructure capacities of operational centers, the possible fleet expansion needs t o be taken into account. \par The professional team consisting of flight and medical personnel should be additionally trained for specific working conditions. \par }\pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Financing of medical air-service, modeled on the countries with developed HEMS practice, should be rela ted to the government insurance fund with participation of other sources, budgetary means of relevant ministries (health, the interior, defense), from tourism and hotels, private companies, automobile associations, nautical, mountaineering and other inter ested associations. \par The central dispatcher HEMS service should have a unique dialing code and constant communication with operational centers and accompanying services. \par \par }\pard\plain \s17\qc \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Conclusion \par }\pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par After detailed analysis of relevant criteria and positive assessment of its justification, the conceptual plan of the development of emergency medical aviation in Croatia should include: \par - dimensioning of operational areas, \par - selection of locations for operational centers, \par - calculation of the size of the specific-purpose fleet, \par - selection of appropriate fleet means, \par \par Regarding high initial investments, the implementation of the program may be planned in phases. \par Organizing and operationalization of the medical air-service means assessment of personnel requirements, both quantitatively as well as from the aspect of professionalism and the necessary logistics. \par A special problem of organizational structuring is related to the system of financing such a service, where solutions could be found in the model of licensed commercial or private companies. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard\plain \s7\ql \li0\ri432\keepn\widctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel6\rin432\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs28\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 Literature \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1050\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1050 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0 {\f30\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 1. B. GALOVI\'c6, S. STEINER, S. PAVLIN: Primjena zrakoplova u medicinskom zbrinjavanju stradalnika. Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, Proceedings, Sec} {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1050\langnp1033 ond Croatian Symposium on Aviation Medicine, Zagreb 13-14 Sept. 1996, pp. 29-39. \par 2. A. JEZIORSKI: European debutante. Reed Business Publishing, Flight International, 4511, 1996, p. 38-41. \par 3. D. BARRIE, M. KINGSLEY-JONES, J. PITE: Civil and military helicopter directory. Reed Business Publishing, Flight International, 4535, 1996, p. 45-54. \par 4. J. D. BARBER: Search and Rescue & Emergency Medical Service - Informational Package. \'93Ivan-Air\'94 Cargo, VIP and Charter Flights, Zagreb, 1996. \par 5. Eurocopter - Air Rescue System. Eurocopter International, La Courneuve Cedex, France. - Promotion material. \par \par \par }}