ࡱ> <L;G \Ubjbjَ 0d I]ZZZZZZZnnnn8n <>>>1oC$~ r ;Z(((;(ZZ((((ZZ<nnZZZZ(<((<ZZ< *nn(<BIBLIOGRAPHY IN THE NETWORK ENVIRONMENT: CROATIAN SCIENTIFIC BIBLIOGRAPHY (CROSBI) Jadranka Stojanovski Ruer Boakovi Institute Bijeni ka c. 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia jadranka@nippur.irb.hr Abstracts: The initiation, implementation and structure of the Croatian Scientific Bibliography (CROSBI) is described in detail. Emphasis is placed on the important role played by a scientist as an information provider, as well as on the cooperation between the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Croatian Academic and Research Network, scientists and their institutional libraries. The author addresses the issue of designing a bibliographic database, to ensure efficient and effective input and retrieval of scientific papers, which is an important and challenging task. In spite of an inexpensive approach to such a task, the main purposes outlined in this paper, are fulfilled. This paper discusses both the positive and the negative aspects of such an approach based on a one-year study. The problems of the accuracy and reliability of the records provided are discussed as well as the competencies of the authors from the viewpoint of the record validity. Keywords: bibliographic systems; information networks; libraries 1. Introduction Everyone involved in the scientific research in Croatia is aware of all the obstacles in gathering information about the current scientific projects and recent papers published by the Croatian scientists and researchers. The reason for this tedious and time-consuming procedure of gathering information is not in the amount of the published papers, because there are only eight thousand scientists in Croatia. A plenty of time is wasted on searching and reading superfluous and irrelevant information in order to prevent reinventing the wheel in the immediate neighborhood. Actually, the process of obtaining information about a scientific research of any author, could be greatly improved by a means of Information Technology (IT). The fact that it is much easier to obtain information about the papers published by the foreign than by the Croatian authors, should be dismissed from consideration with such a project. Furthermore, the researchers in Croatia, as in many other countries, are burdened by ever growing administration apart from the research. The researchers are also under constant pressure due to the shortage of funds, which results in an increased rate of publication in order to keep abreast with the competition for research grants. The most important criteria for the project evaluation and subsequent funding, is the number of the papers published by a scientist working on various projects mostly financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. A complete, reliable, and up-to-date bibliography of papers is vital for this purpose, as well. However, only a few of those publications are likely to be cited by well-known bibliographic databases, such as Current Contents, Inspec, Medline etc., and only a small subset is covered by the Croatian National Bibliography. Data about scientific papers have been scattered in local institutional bibliographies, individual bibliographies of researchers, national bibliographies of various countries and commercial bibliographic databases. The scientific world in Croatia is lacking a source of reliable bibliographic data. This source can be a database containing articles published by the Croatian authors. Daily uptaded with new publications, this database can be monitored by a local or central library which would ensure the thoroughness of the scope of publications currently accessible in the database. Electronic bibliography in the network environment offers greater possibilities for working with the data, then the traditionally printed bibliographies. It can be searched, analyzed and manipulated in many different ways. How can we exploit it to the best of our abilities? Besides standard bibliographic data, electronic bibliography can also encompass other information, such as full-text (Arnold, 1995) or multimedia. It could inform us of the impact of a document on the usage of the bibliography, as well as its impact within the field to which it contributes. This bibliography will very often contain the records of the documents which have not yet been published in a paper form or might never be. Such a bibliography can contain information about patents, computer programs, or various scientific contributions, which would never be included into traditionally printed bibliography together with published items. The electronic bibliography equipped with the searching, sorting, filtering and ranking tools, is an easily accessible and available source for scientometric analysis of all kinds on a national or global scale. Therefore, the electronic bibliography is not only the information tool within some information service, but rather an information service in itself (Tyckoson, 1991) The most important issue is that the electronic bibliography, wich is presented here, is generated by the authors, whilst librarians as an information specialists provide forms, standards and monitoring of the process. Specific problems associated with such an approach will be discussed and achievements and problems that occur will be summarised. The experience acquired so far, will give an insight into the information and computer competencies of the researchers and the changing role of the librarians. To prompt the authors to submitt all of their papers to such a database, we take the advantage of their obligatory annual reports on the work on the project to the Ministry of Science and Technology, which include a list of publications for that period. This list is now regularly submitted through the Croatian Scientific Bibliography (CROSBI). The entire bibliography is available on the World Wide Web and could be edited by the authors or accessed by the reading public (http://bib.irb.hr). 2. History and first initiative The fact that information in the existing printed bibliographies are very much out of date and that the Croatian National Bibliography issued by the National and University Library covers only a small number of published papers, has always been a problem for the Croatian scientific community. For the researchers as well as for the bodies who finance the research, everything published by the Croatian authors is of the greatest interest, regardless of the country or the language in which the papers are published. The Croatian scientists make a great effort to publish their papers in the journals that have a significant impact on their field of research. However, most of those journals are published abroad in English language. This is especially the case where the fields of science and medicine are concerned, while the fields of arts and humanities are much better covered by the National Bibliography. For these reasons, the Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) has decided to collect bibliographic information in an electronic form so as to make an accurate and reliable database. In 1994 MST started a project called SVIBOR in order to collect the data about current projects and papers published by the researchers. For this purpose, a special software package was designed and distributed to authors on diskettes. The authors were asked to fill in the relevant data, and return the diskette to the MST, which prepared the database for the Internet display. The programme package was found to be rather difficult to use. Therefore, in 1996, a simple MS Word template was created and distributed to the authors. A great deal of technical problems appeared during the process. Most of them occurred because of the incompatibility of the existing hardware and the software equipment and different code tables used for the special Croatian fonts (five different code tables are used mostly in Croatia). However, the survey among the researchers showed that, although finding the MS Word template cumbersome, they preferred a digital form of any kind to a paper one. It was concluded that the SVIBOR, at that phase, was not as successful at it could have been for the following reasons: authors were unable to add or to correct the data once the forms were filled in and sent to MST; database was available on the Internet with a significant delay (several months); no feedback was provided; library professionals weren't involved in the database maintenance or in any kind of a bibliographic control. However, these experiences enabled better definition of the future projects on the electronic bibliography, and known pitfalls were avoided by the technological and communication advantages. During the past two years, better equipment, the development of the Croatian Academic Network (CARnet) and the World Wide Web architecture, offered the opportunity to advance and improve the idea of the SVIBOR, and the Ministry of Science and Technology decided to initiate further developments: CROSBI project. 3. Boundary conditions for database management The implementation of this database was indeed stimulating due to the the fact that it will engage the attention of all the parties involved, including the MST as a govermental body, scientists, libraries, publishers and industry. In spite of all possible benefits to be derived from this database, from the very beginning the approach was supposed to be inexpensive and this is the main reason for most limitations that we face today. For these reasons we used centralised approach, where all the databases and the search engines are provided and monitored by one institution, in this case the Ruer Boakovi Institute, and the whole system is supervised by the MST. The centralized approach certainly does require more effort from the host-institution and the MST, but this is indeed a small price to pay for all the benefits. The whole system was designed by two persons at the end of 1997: a physicist/computer specialist and a librarian, with no investment either in hardware or in software. The first design was accomplished in December 1997, and the first data were inputed in January 1998. Through the WWW interface, the bibliographic form (http://bib.irb.hr/) collects the data into several database tables (sorted by the type of contribution: book, chapter in book, journal article, conference paper etc.). The main reason for choosing a Mini SQL 2.x for the database management was the fact that it is free of charge for the academic purposes. Other advantage of the mSQL is an interface with a Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) used in a cgi-scripts on the Web servers. The Perl is found to be easier to use for the data processing and analysis and it enables direct access to the records in a database, which is not always the case with other languages. The advantages of the Perl found to be essential for this project are: usage of a "lite", a script-language which enables dynamic generation of the web pages in the retrieval process the possibility of administering an access to individual parts of the Web-tree while manipulating the data data can be easily exported in any other database using a standard SQL language However, the Mini SQL appears to possess some disadvantages as well: a few bugs, SQL commands are somewhat reduced, there is a limitation of types of data that can be stored. Its performance regarding a retrieval speed and the quantity of data present no problems. A script-language is used to enable access, retrieval, processing and display of the records in the database. A library server is used as a server for the CROSBI (Sun Station 20) and this is still a bottleneck of the whole system because of a very low retrieval speed. The experiments with the whole system on a PC with Lynux as an operating system is currently being tested. From the librarians point of view, many compromises on the content, bibliographic structure and display have been done for the purpose of retaining a user-friendly interface and easy-to-understand field structure for a scientist who supplied the data and accepted all the MST requirements. Present difficulties in implementation of the necessary standards (UNIMARC for the bibliographic standard, PDF for the document exchange and Z39.50 on the level of the network access) are caused by those compromises. 4. Structure, data input and database retrieval The very moment the paper is accepted or only prepared for publishing, the scientist will enter his reference in the CROSBI database using a Web interface, and if the copyright agreement allows, the full-text document can be uploaded into the CROSBI electronic archive. The Web forms consist of: author form (name, researcher identification number, number of the project, name of the institution), which will be supported with the authority files, after which authors will only select their name and corresponding identification number; bibliographic form (different for each type of publication, offered in a menu) which consists of usual bibliographic fields which can easily be filled-in using copy/paste function from the source document field for the full-text document (a file could easily be uploaded from the local machine by specifying directory and a document format only; after a file is uploaded, a hyperlink is automatically generated, and an URL address of the file in the archive is reported) Full-text documents, are stored in the database permanently and therefore available only to the author whenever or wherever he needs it. If the author wishes his full-text paper to be available to the public, he must sign a copyright agreement with the Ministry of Science and Technology. The bibliography is supervised and the bibliographic records are controlled and corrected by the librarians working on the project. The Web interface provides converting facilities which display correct Croatian fonts from different code tables.  EMBED Word.Picture.8  Figure 1. Number of records after one year period The whole concept of the database CROSBI depends on two authority files provided by the MST: a database about the current projects and a database about scientists (authors). At present, every bibliographic record is associated with the current projects database. Each bibliographic record contains a number of fields needed for the bibliographic description. The research projects are indexed and can be retrieved by the subject field to which they belong. The database is available for browsing and searching. A searching could be simple (one-field, or two-field combinations), advanced (the Boolean logic) or filtered (adapted for a special type of evaluation). Limits to a publication type or time period is provided. According to Bulyko (Bulyko, 1996) the most expected scientific queries are: 1. selected field(s) of science in a certain time interval; 2. selected author(s) in a certain time interval; 3. selected publisher(s) in a certain time interval; 4. new document in the field(s) of interest. According to our experiences, the folowing could be added: 5. specific research project (title, number); 6. specific institution. The bibliographic records provide the possibility of ranking each reference, according to whether or not the journal in which it is published, is cited in the Current Contents or the Science Citation Index. Besides being a help to the MST, this bibliography is designed to be a bibliographic tool for researchers, as well as an evidence of their scientific achievements. Moreover, it is a potential source of numerous scientometric analyses of a paramount interest to the scientific community. Conclusion The CROSBI scientific bibliography is presented here in order to illustrate the scope and the reach of the current changes initiated by the development of information and communication technologies. The information overload in the scientific and academic community is a world-wide problem, and the concept of bibliography presented here, should be viewed in the context of global changes and trends, as well as an effort to assure better bibliographic control of the Croatian researchers' production. The electronic bibliography as described here, has not much in common with traditional bibliographic tools and its advent changes the role of both users' and information professionals'. Its priorities are promptness, speed, and access. Being a rapidly changing structure, it has a more tolerant approach towards the accuracy and validity of data, and different mechanisms to handle these. Paper documents cannot tolerate mistakes, once printed they will always remain there. Electronic documents can be corrected, but cannot tolerate being presented late or not being accessible. Managing bibliographic records of scientific papers in the electronic and network environment has many sub-themes. The way in which information technology helps scientists to handle the information, and the way in which the scientists are included in the process of cataloguing bibliographic references, are some of them. The Croatian Scientific Bibliography provides evidence for the approach which proves that those who generate information should be the first to record it. Information technology of today provides facilities for assissting the researchers to handle their project paper work, and the Croatian Ministry of Science Technology was the first to realise that the bibliographic references once recorded by the authors could be better organised and professionally managed. References Arnold, K. (1995) The Body in the virtual library: rethinking scholarly communication, The Journal of Electronic Publishing, Vol. 1, Issue 1 (http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/ ~arnold/body.html) Bulyko. I. (1996) Proposal for CORDS as a platform for a comprehensive Internet accessible scientific database, http://www.cc.sufolk.edu/~buylko/paper.html (October 20, 1996) Klobas, J. E. (1996) Networked information resources: electronic opportunities for users and librarians, Internet Research Electronic Networking Application and Policy, Vol. 6, pp. 53-62 Schoonbaert, D. (1997) Personal bibliographic systems (PBS) for the PC: a generic survey of features, The Electronic Library, Vol. 15, pp. 31-48 Stojanovski, J. (1998) Hrvatska znanstvena bibliografija na Web-u. (Croatian Bibliography of Scientific Papers on Web), MOST, 24, lipanj 1998. http://www.mzt.hr/mzt/hrv/most/most-24/most-242.htm#HRVATSKA ZNANSTVENA BIBLIOGRAFIJA NA WEB-U Tyckson, D. A. 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