ࡱ> #`Tbjbj\.\..r>D>D.zzzT d|z( 9 9 9{{{{{{{$}h,N{zY;8^ 9Y;Y;{ |ysysysY;4<z{ysY;{ysys:{x,|zyn eqobx ezd|0|xRzQr zyyvzzyy 9v9Tys9D:> 9 9 9{{]s 9 9 9|Y;Y;Y;Y; 22 Breeding records for Croatian autochtonous horse breeds as a tool of assisted reproduction tehniques for biologic preservation purposes Nikica Prvanovi1, M. Cergolj1, J. Grizelj1, N. Filipovi3, M. a i4, M. Samard~ija1, D. Gra ner2, S. Vince1, I. Folno~i1,T. Dobrani1 1Clinic for obstetrics and reproduction, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb 2Clinic for internal deseases, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb 3Departement for physiology and radiobiology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb 4Croatian Livestock Center INTRODUCTION After dramatical decrease of horse number due to mechanisation in agriculture and socio-economical changes caused by Croatian Civil War during the last ten years there is obvious and intensive increase and popularisation of horsebreeding. Number of horses arised from 3373 to 13578 in the last ten years and there are accurate indicators that it will continue in the next years (1). Croatian goverment stimulates breeding autochtonous horse breeds by protecting them and giving financial rewards to the breeders (2). Number of autochtonous horses rises permanently and gives increase of 3% of newborn authochtonous foals more per year (3). Total number of authoctonous horses rises 11,74 % per year. Average fertility rate in 2007. for autochtonous horsebreeds consists 80,71% for Posavina mares, 56% for lipizzan mares, 59,94% for Croatian Coldblooded mares and 5% for Meimurje mares (3) Unfortunately we don't have any system of reproductive control of mares and stallions used in reproduction.There is absolutely no data about problem mares, sexually transmited contagious deseases, cases of abortions etc. Breeders are not educated to recognize problem on time and when they do so, there is absolutely nobody who they can seek for help. Some veterinary experts are enthusiastic and like to help but that is not sufficient and good enough when bigger problem arises like for example cca 500 abortions which happened during 2008 in protected autochtonous Posavina mares. The majority of croatian autochtonous horses, except lipizzan horses, are kept in woods as semidomesticated animals living in feral herds. They are collected only during winter months (november, december, january and february) to help them survive cold weather time. Keeping in mind all numbered problems it is easy to see why is so difficult to introduce modern methods of assisted reproduction (artificial insemination, embryotransfer, bank of embryos of very valuable horses) in our everyday praictice. In the same time it is necessery to introduce such methods to preserve specially valuable genetic animals and prevent their extinction. MATERIAL AND METHODS To help in solving such difficult situation our study gives educational, scientific and practical perspective. Combination of 10 educational seminars for breeders combined with modified protocol for collecting and analysing reproductive data during winter 2007 on herd of 32 Posavina mares and during spring 2008. on herd of 32 lipizzan mares gave good perspective for improvement of breeding and monitoring reproductive success keeping in mind specificities of traditional way of croatian horsebreeding. We used combination of clinical (vaginal, rectal and transrectal ultrasound) and laboratory (bacteriological, serological and cytological) examinations to monitor cyclicity and pregnancy in both herds. We used protocol for thoroughbred studfarms (4) and modified it using data obtained on lipizzan studfarm Piber (5) for lipizzan studfarm in our research. All lipizzan mares and stallions were examined before reproductive season according to modified international protocol (6). All lipizzan mares were examined twice for pregnancy checking: 18 and 35 days after mating. All mares were examined at 01. 10. 2008 to definitely confirm pregnancy rate in herd. Herd of Posavina horses which is kept free in the woods majority of the year, was monitored when it was only possible, during winter months. We performed pregnancy checking in the herd together with serological and bacteriological testing for nonpregnant animals. It enabled detection of problem mares and better preparation for next breeding season. .It also enabled selection of mares and stallions for future use in assisted reproduction in both herds. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Keeping breeding records for each horse studfarm is important basis for succesfull horsebreeding in every country. It is esspecially important in protected and endangered breeds. Only on basis of breeding records it is possible to monitor realistic fertility rate, observe reproductive problems on time and introduce modern methods of assisted reproduction. Our results are given in table 1 and 2. Although we significantly improved fertility rate in lipizzan herd only (88% versus 56%), more important is that we improved level of control in both herds and minimised risks of unknown fertility losses, sexually transmitted deseases etc. Furthermore, fertility rate in our research for lipizzan horses is practically equal to results obtained at the lipizzan studfarm Piber wich introduced similar program years ago and follows it strictly (5). In herd of Posavina horses we improved fertility rate slightly ( 77% versus 72%) but it would be interesting to follow influence of such program during more years. We are shure that we could accomplish fairly better results. We also had good attendance of breeders on our lectures performed for breeders of all protected autochtonous croatian horse breeds (Posavina, Croatian Coldblooded, Lipizzan and Meimurje horses).96% of members of autochtonous horsebreeds breeders organisations attended our lectures. We received letters of intent from 12 Organisations of autochtonous horse breeds who are willing to introduce obligatory education for their members.Our future goal is to create unique databasis with all autochtonous mares and stallions used in reproduction. We also plan to organise and introduce obligatory education for breeders to make them capable to recognize reproductive problems on time and become aware of concrete progress of our project We also plan to organize veterinary surgeonts in unique net of education and communication connected with similar associations in EU. This is in the same time the best way to connect our horsebreeding with horsebreeding of EU by preserving our specificities in the same time. REFERENCES: 1. a i M, D. Tadi, N. Korabi, M. Mlaenovi, M. abrajec, M. Matasovi, J. Ljubeai, M. Baban, T. Rastija, N. Prvanovi (2008): Zbornik radova 2. hrvatskog simpozija o lipicanskoj pasmini s meunarodnim sudjelovanjem, akovo, 2008, 14-23 2. Zakon o sto arstvu, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede ribarstva i vodnog gospodarstva, Republika Hrvatska (Narodne novine broj 70/97 i 36/98) 3. Hrvatski Sto arski Centar (2008): Godianje izvijeae 2007, Konjogojstvo. Zagreb 4. Allen W. R, L. Brown, M. Wright, S. Wilsher (2006): Equine Vet. J.vol 39 no 5, 438-446 5. Heidler B, J.E: Aurich,, W. Pohl, C. Aurich.(2004): Body weight of mares and foals, estrous cycles and plasma glucose concentration in lactating and non-lactating Lipizzaner mares,Theriogenology 61, 883-893 6. HBLB Code of practice (2007), Newmarket, Animal Health Trust Abstract: After dramatical decrease of horse number due to mechanisation in agriculture and socio-economical changes caused by Croatian Civil War during the last ten years there is obvious and intensive increase and popularisation of horsebreeding. Number of horses arised from 3373 to 13578 in the last ten years and there are accurate indicators that it will continue in the next years. Our goverment stimulates breeding autochtonous horse breeds by protecting them and giving financial rewards to the breeders. Number of autochtonous horses rises permanently and gives increase of 3% of newborn authochtonous foals more per year . Total number of authoctonous horses rises 11,74 % per year. Average fertility rate in 2007. for autochtonous horsebreeds consists 80,71% for Posavina mares, 56% for lipizzan mares, 59,94% for Croatian Coldblooded mares and 5% for Meimurje mares.Unfortunately we don't have any system of reproductive control of mares and stallions used in reproduction.There is absolutely no data about problem mares, sexually transmited contagious deseases, cases of abortions etc. Breeders are not educated to recognize problem on time and when they do so, there is absolutely nobody who they can seek for help. Some veterinary experts are enthusiastic and like to help but that is not sufficient and good enough when bigger problem arises like for example cca 400 abortions which happened during 2008 in protected autochtonous Posavina mares. The majority of croatian autochtonous horses, except lipizzan horses, are kept in woods as semidomesticated animals living in feral herds. They are collected only during winter months (november, december, january and february) to help them survive cold weather time. Keeping in mind all numbered problems it is easy to see why is so difficult to introduce modern methods of assisted reproduction (artificial insemination, embryotransfer, bank of embryos of very valuable horses) in our everyday praictice. In the same time it is necessery to introduce such methods to preserve specially valuable genetic animals and prevent their extinction. To help in solving such difficult situation our study gives educational, scientific and practical perspective. Combination of 10 educational seminars for breeders combined with modified protocol for collecting and analysing reproductive data during winter 2007 on herd of 32 Posavina mares and during spring 2008. on herd of 32 lipizzan mares gave good perspective for improvement of breeding and monitoring reproductive success keeping in mind specificities of traditional way of croatian horsebreeding.  0 2 J L d f j     " $ & ƺڲڈ|pd|d|d|hH7hH76CJaJhH7h59CJH*aJhH7hH7CJH*aJhH7hH7CJaJhy7h~CJaJhy7CJaJhy7hy7CJH*aJhNCJaJhH7hj CJH*aJhj CJaJhH7h~CJH*aJhH7h~CJaJh+GCJaJhCCJaJh59h59CJaJ% " $ ' B O 2Vm&&()*$a$gddE$d`a$gddE $da$gdM $da$gd6BdgdM $da$gdM1TT & ' ( A B N O @ \ ` d i l y  QUW|Ǿղ{s{kcccchlCJaJhpHCJaJh6BCJaJh}CJaJhMCJaJhUCJaJhsCJaJhy7hqKCJaJhMhy75CJaJhMhM5CJaJhN6CJaJhy7hy76CJH*aJhH76CJaJhH7hj 6CJaJhj hj 6CJaJhj 6CJaJ&2   Bacmn^.9Hkl28UVpCȽХ轊zrzh%CJaJhOHCJaJh\ACJaJh;-CJaJh1CJaJhy7hy7CJaJhCCJaJh]CJaJh#CJaJhy7hqKCJaJh 0#CJaJh?CJaJhsCJaJhUCJaJh8DCJaJhlCJaJhpHCJaJ,37^501DRTU]lmOQ""L#N#X#hRfCJaJh<CJaJhSCJaJhMcCJaJhCCJaJhDCJaJhgarCJaJh\ACJaJh]CJaJh1CJaJh?~CJaJhx}CJaJh1CJaJhosCJaJh CJaJh%CJaJ1X#|#.$2$9$e$r$$$%%&&4':'>'@'''((()))****F+wbQ!hdEhdEB*OJQJ^Jph)hdEhosB*OJQJ^JmH phsH )hdEhdEB*OJQJ^JmH phsH h?CJaJmH sH hZAhZACJaJhZAhZACJaJmH sH hZAhpHCJaJmH sH hpHCJaJmH sH hCJaJh]CJaJh;-CJaJhy7hqKCJaJh<CJaJhxqCJaJ*F+u,,,,,,,OOOOPPPP$d$Ifa$gdy~ $da$gd6B$a$gd6B $da$gddE$a$gddE$a$gddEF+J+L+u,,,,,,,,\-_---------*.L..3/4/X03&3U34q55+666E6h6i6R7S77LFMJMQM}MMMMNNOOǺh6BCJaJmH sH Uh6BCJaJhy7h6BCJaJh6Bh6B5CJaJmH sH h6B5CJaJmH sH hdECJaJmH sH hosCJaJmH sH hdEhgarB*CJaJph!hdEhgarB*OJQJ^Jph4 It also enabled selection of mares and stallions for future use in asisted reproduction. We significantly improved fertility rate in lipizzan herd only (88% versus 56%), but more important is that we improved level of control in both herds and minimised risks of unknown fertility losses, sexually transmitted deseases etc. Our future goal is to create unique databasis with all autochtonous mares and stallions used in reproduction. We also plan to organise and introduce obligatory education for breeders to make them capable to recognize reproductive problems on time and become aware of concrete progress of our project We also plan to organize veterinary surgeonts in unique net of education and communication connected with similar associations in EU. This is in the same time the best way to connect our horsebreeding with horsebreeding of EU by preserving our specificities in the same time. Key words: autochtonous horsebreeds, biopreservation, assisted reproduction, breeding records Appendix 1: TABLES Table 1: Comparation of reproductive success in two studfarms used in research with average fertility rate in Croatia for the same horse breeds BreedAverage fertility rate in CroatiaAverage fertility rate in our researchPosavina72%77%Lipizzan56%88% Table 2: Attendance of members of autochtonous horse breeds organisations on our education seminars BreedsNumber of education seminarsAttendance of representatives on the education seminarsCroatian Coldblooded horse296%Lipizzan horse598%Posavina horse394%Total1096% Appendix 2: FIGURES Figure 1: Number of horses in Croatia in the last ten years (according to Annual Report of Croatian Livestock Center):  Figure 2: Amount of autochtonous horse breeds in total horse population in Croatia in 2007 (according to Annual Report of Croatian Livestock Center):  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Figure 3: Amount of newborn foals according to category in 2007-comercial versus protected autochtonous breeds (according to Annual Report of Croatian Livestock Center):  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  3418; 29% 13% Commercial horse breeds 8565; 71% Autochtonous horse breeds ; 338; Commercial breeds 87% 2236; Autochtonous breeds OOOOOOPQQfQRRRRR!R4R6R@RqRRRRRRRȹȀsgZVMh6B5CJaJhdEj *hFGhdEUhNhdE5CJaJhdE5CJaJmH sH hdEhdE5CJaJmH sH h)hdE5CJaJhdE5CJaJhdECJaJhdEhdE5CJaJhdEhdECJaJmH sH hdECJaJmH sH h6BCJaJmH sH hCh6BCJaJmH sH hCh6B5CJaJmH sH PPPPPn___$d$Ifa$gdy~kd$$IflF   t06    44 layty~PPPPPn___$d$Ifa$gdy~kd_$$IflF   t06    44 layty~PPQQQfQmQQQnccccTTT$d$Ifa$gdy~ $da$gddEkd$$IflF   t06    44 layty~QQQQQn___$d$Ifa$gdy~kd$$IflFA g & m t06    44 layty~QQQQQn___$d$Ifa$gdy~kd$$IflFA g & m t06    44 layty~QQ R RRn___$d$Ifa$gdy~kd$$IflFA g & m t06    44 layty~RRRRRn___$d$Ifa$gdy~kd$$IflFA g & m t06    44 layty~RR R5R6RRRRRRRnfff[ff[[[ $da$gddE$a$gddEkd $$IflFA g & m t06    44 layty~ R SGSISJSKSbScSdSeSfSgSjSSSSSTTT,T-T.T/T0T1T󙍙q`PhdEhdE5CJaJmH sH  jx h9Nh6B5CJUaJjh6BUmHnHujh6B5CJUaJh9Nh6B5CJaJh6B5CJaJ j hJ^hdE5CJUaJjhdEUmHnHujhdE5CJUaJ%jhdE5CJUaJmHnHuhdECJaJhdE5CJaJhJ^hdE5CJaJRISgShSiSjST1T;T^[4VEZBmi-iZGl @b#BHB$_L}kO"jT@ svtӽ;V{39sf7;{v$:SVrh3ݹ>;RԦ>?EHR )55"@S=WvdҒ7vŢl*U\= Szt qVbE}*VD;.]U.UEDzɥ?Fz՛Mf?G!+x\,9$gCXU2 GE>*%_%񖒧q<,>Geʸ ?.lqjy|Z=GMKok|[o51L_W41O=?/h ͯVގ^g|s6 [h\ڲ#Dl}̨k;ru&̇Z39Oi(a,kz' ] ;]7$ҭ }:.ܵSi4n&[3֮ tq7rkg:j*s!^BK6뱬Ʋ :ya&э=zu(}s?c<0pUQ^?&;c;XV!9gaϠSG&|,qKp&s#݁ w8t}Gqe,],A eos0(nosX9w>ҭXou0(G&?n`y'ln@~CGy5x M]c3:>MHLz֓X^ښt֓_a1,öaN;R,-<Ϟ!$}0}|]O/%?P3Xا-z*;7Csu?Ĺ[3aیWmK,Upۏ 7?{L~&ܼcQ<-x6DۤeƖ^YcDmRΪFkx0naGw-oA0Ƅoq~?ql1aS91k_Stdy[|tKWڨkGמtsQud́b•7I%y7p!ѵ0/] ҵѵ5/]sQ׾|t祫,r^P@fY>$/7]}ooRJL.K*}b(ns/mNņC^kn]2xTFm1e|e{:a .DdaD  3 @@"?DdPpD  3 @@"?@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmHsHtH>A@> Zadani font odlomkaVi@V Obi na tablica4 l4a .k@. Bez popisat@t SReaetka tablice7:V0e` garHTML unaprijed oblikovano7 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@9B*CJOJQJ^JaJph )45QZmr{/0@/.1?>=<; )45QZmr{  /rp'BO %tIUF#}OU*V***Y+_+++++++++++++++4,;,X,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--{-}-~----.5.6.7.8... / ///'/(/2/3/4/B/O/P/X/Y/k/l/p/q/y/z////0000000000000000000000000000000000@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0000@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 00000000000000000000000000@000000000000h00p'BO %IUFU**Y+_+++++++++++{-.5../@0@0j00  Fj00 j00@0j00 @0@0j00j00j00j00IJE@0j0 00@0@0j0 0j00j00  j00 j00  j00 j00Ej00  j00 j00  j00  j00  j00 @0@0@0@00 X#F+OR1TTT !"$+468*PPPQQQRRRTT#,-./012357T.0.3..../__l@A,"$eGַjIP@@@.(  `  23  s"*?` 3 c $X99?H 4 # ` 5 BCDEFM3' @`  H 6 BCDE<FF3f'R1Bc2!!7h^R $@` ] S 7 tB8CDE F8@* n^ 8 "B9CDE\FfMM'WW99)!1ARbreDo.i(SMX'srRbBR!A1!&!7BGRWshx'XMS(i.oDexhWG7&)999@`  9 B9CDE8FB'NNi_!!1B4BeRcs))99))'HXhhye4o.i(S^h7ybhRX1H!7'1BRsscRR@`  : tBGCDE FGD@ i~ ; 6 8D2  ~ < 6 J  ~ = 6   ~ > 6B  ~ ? 6 ~ @ 6  KK $3  s"*?` % c $X99?KKH & # KK`n ' 2BVCXDEF```5%99V,,,W X+Y,xZx<i-ZK<-,;Yhw-<Zx,Y  +++X::I IWIIXXVXV,tx@`&| F ( B8ChDEF```5%<88,h< @`| . ) BCIDEDFN5%QQVIII:W:*::+v++ Y;xZK-whYJ;,<KixiZJKhK<- -I9u8t(d'c--<5KbKZix%CapVVI@`& * tB)CDE F)@:In + 2BeCXDEFM35%99eeV-V<GK)Zi xW9g:J,<,,X<XXIIJII:::+g+  9W )GwVhVYe;e,etx@`> H , BeChDEF3f5%$$GVVe-e<eKVZViGx8)W9 ,v,I; ;JJwY;YYhxh<hh<GJL@`> t - tBCDE F@( ~ . 6 ~ / 6M ~ 0 6Gc r 1 6 B S  ?.1../1"\ t$t2t+G4w,G -G .G|/G0G1G2G:dpp!"/l""yy("/C*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsmetricconverter9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace8*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity o13578 in2008 in ProductID *+017=AEMNZ[dehiqr~(-9;BFP[ex{|1:;AOTU_`hmrsyz},0=?EIOPVW[mpz   $)/09:AEHIQW]bnouv{|  #256BCNOW_blqwz{'(,0<=BFPTXY^glnvw"#'(+,07ABINZgkptx{| '+34@AGIOPXY_eimrv        & - 1 5 : B C K L N R V Z ] ^ a h q u ~      ( * . 7 ; D E I J Q U ] ^ g h p q x y    # % 0 7 B C K L O P X Y a b f g o p x y | }        # $ ' ( 3 7 ? D N O [ \ c d k o s t    ) . 9 ; G S \ a j n r s x z | }  "#(-67;<DEKLXY_`imuv#$+,5>BDHU[\aeijnruv{|  *+2367BCJLNOVW`lqv|} %,-56=>ABFGLMUYbchilmwx'.56BCKXabhipt|}#'/059@DHINS\]bfmnwx~ $&+-12<=DMR[bcefnx| !&'+/45?@FGMNUWYZ^cghrv~!(,89DEMN[\diqsuv~ $%+,56:?KLQV_`dhtvxy}  $578<EMNXYbflt}$)6:=X]dinty  "#0285:?EJQZ`ad"#-.34B "%&,-0:?@EIPU^_glz~   &'12:;GHMNTUWXbcglrs|}   ,-349BEFJLST]lop|}     ! " % & , 0 < = D I N S \ ] a e q r w { ! !!#!$!(!0!5!9!C!D!J!K!N!O!S!T!W!X!\!]!`!a!e!l!v!w!~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" " """"" ")"2"3"?"I"N"P"S"T"\"`"h"i"u"v"|"~"""""""""""""""""""""""""""### #####$#)#1#6#:#;#?#@#G#H#L#M#T#[#b#f#j#o#w#x###########################$$ $$$$$$'$($.$8$@$A$J$O$R$]$_$c$l$p$y$z$~$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%% % %%%%%(%-%6%7%B%D%O%V%a%b%j%k%n%o%w%x%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&& &&&&&&'&,&-&1&2&6&7&B&C&F&G&R&V&^&c&m&n&z&{&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'''''&')'+','9':'B'C'L'U']'^'b'c'g'm's''''''''''''''''''''''''''''((((((((#(*(0(1(7(8(A(B(F(K(W(X(](b(k(l(p(t((((((((((((((((((((((((((((())))))')()0)A)C)D)H)Q)Y)Z)d)e)n)r)x)))))))))))))))))))))))))) * ****#*%*&*0*5*B*F*I*a*m*n*y*{***********++ ++++++#+$+-+>+A+B+E+K+P+Q+W+Y+^+_+f+g+p++++++++++++++++,, , ,,!,*,+,3,4,:,;,A,E,N,O,W,X,b,f,u,y,|,},,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------0-:-?-A-J-N-T-U-[-_-g-h-q-r-x--------------------.. ...B.H.L.S.T.Y.Z.c.g.o.x.......................4/@/B/G/H/N/Y/c/d/j/z///op&'ABNO  $%suHf|}NT**X+Y+^+_+++++++++++++++++3,4,:,;,W,X,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-z--.8...4/A/B/N/Y/j//3'O %IU**Y+_+++4,X,,,,-./ / //&/(/1/4/N/P/W/Y/j/l/o/q/x/z///./ u& ,3+c崖h hh^h`hH.h 88^8`hH.h L^`LhH.h   ^ `hH.h   ^ `hH.h xLx^x`LhH.h HH^H`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH. u& ,3+cd g833Ag83,P%g83g83{J6g83?@ACDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F~qqData :1TableBWordDocument.rSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjs  F!Microsoft Office Wordov dokument MSWordDocWord.Document.89q