ࡱ> G (bjbjَ #]000Dttttt4tU mmmQSSS=J  $E 9n( -0m-@mmm( ]mD80QttmQQ0QlnԾttQ IMPACT OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT ON THE RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE CROATIAN ENVIRONMENT Zdenko FRANIC and Gordana MAROVIC Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Radiation Protection Unit Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia Tel.: +38514673188, Fax: +385 1 4673303, E-mail: franic@imi.hr Abstract This paper summarizes the data on the long term radioactive contamination caused by the Chernobyl accident. The special attention has been taken on 137Cs and 90Sr, as they have been recognized as the main contributors to the collective dose. After the period of intensive nuclear weapons tests conduced in the atmosphere, both 137Cs and 90Sr in the Croatian environment exponentially decreased. The Chernobyl accident caused a temporary increase of 137Cs fallout activities. However, as 90Sr is much less volatile than 137Cs, its levels in the Croatian environment were practically unaffected by the Chernobyl accident, the only exception being the cistern waters. Contrary to the public beliefs, Croatia has not been seriously affected by this accident. Consequently, the estimated risk on the Croatian population was found to be very small. This is consistent with the UNSCEAR assessment which shows that on a global scale, the total radiological impact of Chernobyl has been minor. From a radioecological point of view, the Chernobyl accident draws special attention to the vulnerability of some environmental compartments. Introduction The accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine took place on April 26, 1986. Two explosions that occurred, the steam explosion followed by the explosion of hydrogen, expelled fission products as well as some material from fuel elements to the exterior. Because the graphite moderator ignited, the release acted as a prolonged elevated release. Consequently, volatile radioactive material accumulated in a cloud, reaching the height up to 7 km. It was estimated that about 100 Pbq of 137Cs was released and large parts of Europe became contaminated. In addition, changing meteorological conditions with wind of different directions at various altitudes and prolonged releases from a damaged reactor resulted in a very complex dispersion pattern over Europe. However, Croatia except from its very northern and very southern parts, was initially unaffected by the plumes of contaminated air (UNSCEAR 1988). Also, the late spring and early summer of 1986 in Croatia were rather dry, leading to relatively low direct radioactive contamination, which was especially true for the Adriatic region(Franic 1993). To estimate the impact of the Chernobyl accident on the radioactive contamination of the Croatian environment as well internal radiation doses to the Croatian population, investigations were especially focused on long lived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr. The samples collected involved fallout, air, soils, human foodstuffs and animal feed, bones, drinking water, sea and surface waters etc. Fallout Long-term investigations of 137Cs deposition in Croatia (figure 1) allow to conclude that in the year of Chernobyl accident total deposition of 137Cs exceeded the value recorded in middle 1960s, i.e., after the period of most intensive atmospheric nuclear tests. Deposition of 5.8 kBqm-2 of 137Cs measured in 1986 was approximately 4000 times higher than in the previous year, and approximately 1300 times higher than in 1995.  In contrast to 137Cs, the Chernobyl accident did not cause any significant increase in 90Sr activities in most of the environmental samples in Croatia. Unlike the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, the radionuclides that originated from the Chernobyl accident were not released directly into the upper atmosphere. As the result of the release mechanism and the prevailing meteorological conditions at the time, the less volatile components of the Chernobyl debris (e.g., 90Sr) were deposited closer to the accident location than the more volatile constituents (i.e., radiocaesium). Thus, 90Sr was only in minor quantities subjected to the global dispersion processes, being deposited to the Earth's surface within a period of a few days to a few weeks after the accident. Figure 2 shows the long-term data on 90Sr deposition for the cities of Zagreb and Zadar. A minor 90Sr peak (191 Bqm-2) has been measured only in Zagreb in May 1986. In August 1986 this value decreased to 1.8 and in November to only 0.1 Bqm-2, leading to the total annual 90Sr deposition of approximately 193 Bqm-2. As expected, the correlation between 90Sr deposition data in Zadar and Zagreb is very good, the coefficient of correlation being 0.95 for 36 observations. Besides 137Cs and 90Sr, in May 1986 were deposited significant amounts of 134Cs and 131I. In the Zagreb area, the measured activities were 31 31 kBqm-2 for 134Cs and also 31 kBqm-2 for 131I (Saric 1996). For radionuclides it takes approximately seven half-lives to decay to negligible levels. Therefore, after the Chernobyl accident, 131I (half-life 8.06 days) was present in the Croatian environment for approximately two months, while 134Cs (half-life 2.06 years) has been found in 1990s in some environmental samples, although in very small amounts.  Generally, as seen on figures 1 and 2, by the end of 1990s 137Cs and 90Sr activities have exponentially decreased to only few Bqm-2. Therefore, direct risk from fallout radionuclides to Croatian population is minimal. However, in some environmental samples (mushrooms, cistern waters) can still be found some residual contamination (Franic 1992, Franic 1999). Also, owing to the metabolic behaviour of 137Cs and 90Sr, which is similar to that of potassium, and calcium respectively, the two radionuclides are transferred from soil to human food chain. Food chain On the basis of data related to the contamination of most significant food components has been performed the assessment of the annual effective doses received from 137Cs and 90Sr ingestion by foods (Lokobauer 1998). Table 1 shows an estimated 137Cs and 90Sr yearly intake with foods and resulting effective dose for an adult member of Croatian population. The dose conversion factors used for dose assessment are 1.3H10-8 SvBq-1 for 137Cs and 2.8H10-8 SvBq-1 for 90Sr respectively (IAEA 1996). Table 1 Year 137Cs Bqy-1 90Sr Bqy-1 Effective dose Sv 1964 17857 3583 333 1985 36 71 3 1986 7786 182 106 1995 88 78 3 Special attention was paid to milk activities, as milk is a sensitive indicator for the presence of fission-derived radioactive contamination in the environment. The dose due to radiocaesium ingestion by milk consumption was estimated to be 205 manSv in 1986 (Franic 1998) and less than 1 manSv in 1998. Concluding Remarks Although the public perception in the Republic of Croatia is different, the levels of radiation exposure due to the Chernobyl accident did not represent a major health concern. This complies with the UNSCEAR assessment which shows that on a global scale, the total radiological impact of Chernobyl has been minor in technical terms. This amount is about 5 percent of the global collective dose delivered by natural sources each year. However, in case of a future major nuclear accident much unnecessary human suffering could be avoided, if the present poor information level of the public was improved significantly. As more than decade after the Chernobyl accident certain environmental samples still contain some residual contamination by fission radionuclides, from a radioecological point of view the Chernobyl accident draws special attention to the vulnerability of some environmental compartments. References 1. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation): Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations, New York, 1988. 2. Franic Z. and Bauman A.: Activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in the Adriatic Sea. Health Physics, 1993;64(2):162169. 3. aric M., Blanusa M., Drevenkar V., Franic Z., Fuga M., Krauthacker B., Lokobauer N., Vajdicka N.: Environmental Exposure Assessment and Health Effect Studies in the Republic of Croatia (19801995). Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, 1996. 4. Franic Z., Sencar J. and Bauman A.: Caesium Radioactivity in Mushrooms in Northwest Croatia. Periodicum biologorum, 1992;94(2):115120. 5. Franic Z, Lokobauer N. and Marovic G.: Radioactive contamination of cistern waters along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic sea by 90Sr. Health Physics, 1999;77:6266. 6. Lokobauer N., Franic Z., Bauman A, Maracic M., Cesar D. and Sencar J.: Radiation contamination after the Chernobyl nuclear accident and the effective dose received by the population of Croatia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 1998;41:137146. 7. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. Safety Series No. 115, IAEA, Vienna, 1996. 8. Franic Z., Marovic G., Lokobauer N. and Sencar J.: Radiocaesium activity concentrations in milk in the Republic of Croatia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1998;51:695704. _bT\"EGeh !(*SVnoNPkmZ]df  jOJQJUhmHnH H*OJQJ 5OJQJ5CJOJQJ5CJOJQJOJQJR5`aST]^ npqr{|$$ H5`aST]^ npqr{|}~HZ\^jlz  #$()-./4589<=?@ABCtuv### # b|}~HZ\^jlz$  :$ d$$ H$ ~Z]df ntv######$"$)$.$%%%%J&L&P&^&e&g&4'Z'`'b'o''(((((((5>*OJQJ 6OJQJOJQJ 5OJQJ H*OJQJjOJQJUhmHnHOJQJQ  hyL8$$Tx\$ Hl$$:$ :$ d$8$$Tx\$ Hl$#$()-./4589<`H :$ 8$$Tx\$ Hl$$:$d$<=?@ABCtuv### #!##8$9%% $0 `$8$$Tx\$ Hl$$:$d$ #!##8$9%%o&l'=(((((( %o&l'=((((((($ $0 ` +0P/ =!"#$%. 00P/ =!"#$%. 00P/ =!"#$%. 00P/ =!"#$%n <{eЍBhPNG  IHDR XrBgAMAPLTEXz3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙333333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffffff3fffffff3fff̙ffff3fffff???__ߟ߿3f̙3333f33̙3ff3ffff̙f3f̙3f̙̙3f̙3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f{*[#IDATxۖ(.t!RZ3$Wl t, @PA @( @PA @( @PA @( @PA @( nd~In+/en>{ `y?AO k0ͳl/< nA8A׿?lVxVwƒ>zh $= `G-5A“bw~W*'ߥq֥Q&"A PA @{0'ȋ#A @( =ACB Pd燰)A(#!%A @\[y[0kLGsN@ A8!fA@@܌ q3 nF DE¦Ğ ٰKؔ H aS !lJDD 9A5'"A@FФ {&AbOW\&hRdM YA3+BbfA@H̬ )!ӂ %dZL iA1/b"A@Lļf{b&b"A@N  9 '`bL @2 @ 4/3 @ R B .5-K @ R D 4-7MD @rcOIM.k,9mK@ F 4+;@# H 4+;J@+҃ Jh~ݜws1JJmϜFa"G#ފ)DJDO #+)+)? At)+)?͂3:`"*H:6#)K(Ã@; N' G7ʡ@ n5 Q7>8 n8R΃l U:Q=/tL:HWeYRjWԚ_A s,RAVAE[t$WU/ H"HHDZS]SM!".\ 2#0^CZYpC!F'Dlr+D!O΃\z?9MDu  :QgQAeH_R eZW\Tߧeu#J+Ⱦx+'K)X= w:nA8 tiG(rxםü' qy[P'd( C(.\~Z*pI<ü 5ȩXpQc)NfkR0YCϬ b|;> 0YCϬyE5{;> 0 iC˴ dll\F?.ӆ 0 i_5aEHeAi]e2mwe7nax0x̛z/(yK@Gc3cC0q,Vq8L8&GNiy_|̾Hwc}~qvAFޒ oR?l4?[~qfA_%]ߑ ȪK@%ˬ \la.ÂL/].034*] /q.)VdYܥ˼ Bwٲ?] /qVA/+g%$Z.޲DJ'[)X[7L d)IO>C0oRb9zv+0EAR/U A`,r ޢgBT!Y[,ScqUw8K`|ejA1 0_BD#W r'_< ȻWtL,<)YWy 2U\ݮ"WiҟbMTAUz.ҧ)U*K}Xδdi\e[;~KSNߋA񔥞 A%0ފAWS̃$O 3~ o?0:3f-OyYG >̈ (CK ("8JQ ۉ9R۱U(j wN9 tGԭ30G1\Q9=2G1цAlAF'n?< V }tKmNw{S|+9TxN ))ܵ&:/Tw[fd W6"}I$uLm"Y.+W7uv [Dd 0%-u{S7تַG' ^?&ȹy_] +H_{g7rM:' Ol^w ɷ|-?AWd Fo\p| ~#nu >źlеzi3R8t8֭[7ҏbu_.A$C+pӫySgHE$w;un7QzBK !^AJGJ (u$s*>QV(q t6"9wj&yw ! xԓb)AG0PS쵚Q]߶Q*TT}-/eҧik5:VonIy"OgonUVx'}"HC5[TuȏvOüS0HL޴IA AYD?5NdOQzrڝN;]ĜFF^qjw;p#d#c稰r'=>ŚL?wewG9T6GmH>>:Ƥw iy/4ܚh[%a;m+%d协ꋏhg?kid>v/>tGקY.~DbG}ѝ&σSi?" 4L, Hw+ rG}qmF0r#./.<@ŏإ>Hz3o9 ԣX?~/U"# ׅ.37 =OV ~#vVu --Hv` 2彥ϓr K\\R[4D.wA҃ ZkQ,#wΥě@{@}M*77;N(ʏHINUeKMi[nvA 2s3& u'#pr{9# yzzrmCA,wCGǂw"Vޏ@pX]īC pjp{~+QQ?GwRؖ}Agg`+\gXGc25*ؓ HfA:/ҍu v uڧ5zyG/XFnpEJ}2- r7ooIdւնdD: hKA"Ac.VG<h݂IhFڋJ6}F' 1(qmF (>AHGMY+ȾXԹMh1ZH;d|Cn^͂4c1xbD͗K~Hoz~4\ür$ojXߐW3k!VCA<)h_vypR/[ Q1v{֒Q<~1ۂAm0Ӭ:(Vm)Xv<-i/D1Nڸu((%OF6c-^Riӭ̓*ٗ$l^r~V H8~Y]7gxbb7L)dVsK)Ջ C O RYUfsr*[0 ϙۿ{@hY%cgopbgü▥">8bkPU 2E/3@-KI#]ŚX>(RXF0TWA=#wY)Xm=A&չ$зVA~źoM571d~h0My5w1a1`Z&Zu:wAgpVz>ݹ<X$\a&kKyÝ/5yo1YE⥼WiA X$`aG{ױdk\ZX=1vh$Y=Hvp^y~ H~d8O!Ղ@q R}&]gD ԭ#8H_Tߙ{Nn>̻5vp?RݶWMʏq?h b_} g?jOcX!@"!Bc L"BnLkvBNjAm^͝(74"{{yRoj]< ܭDث_aԕ G^A%p}:b5_NdQ"wEqEݸ{-VcQ#F rL'FDw~<9C"BGIĈqdAb>?ҫj_m( +2eP-x"b&}27U'aFtf*͂vgwv1Ko4~9sr0#i3#AN1# ?;N gHLPA4s>]F@3ü#߱D |~z&aCEYm[i,†yAMy7{kb !n \W?Mϩ6qch@iϪ8"C} b&v 2nY5x$ #w  A5r' #<-ȋ# "qX/8aD;z G(}eA-X*<@P n+9U)),w`X.S\TEpsii1g{M5.Y{Dj)ME&wLbқ)Jz&V,ocesY=jK6T~c;wh/w]A<,u*rj~h9Iݥxr=67P]ZBOADͬ ZvRL 9K \WOh+n}:%$UlN;^\VTPawɅ? :ZJF/_BA2媂WXnNOۊv+o*l{>C{z)e(zZ~ ^2U-P$Yΰնwtp7ew1(I r/jGōUj||;%$U,IW:=!('ngiϣ*Q:AQ#H6;ߨRNZa_s#HlχᖰTQA{Z2@S^rsrA{ AtS42Y0J]rkr<$\.%5 +W$Rbmly{NW\_ʵ.&bEO'j\\˽r_r9SmkiF9K;>L7Riwv+A @( @PA @Y*+p ,vgJ VxY>\?@8s}gx Yd$nA!uR ɀ PtrџTMA!!ΊOWA"ew;q݄} AI9d@e : d!9 )wɀ ˠ易. ,N5%y+ 2^F^RA6rn 4ճ+ ^"{A'+M}-\ @[GYA;6~dAksAgduwo( @PA @( @PA @( @PA @( @PA @(td8IylHIENDB`n *E~4ZwPNG  IHDR XrBgAMAPLTEXz3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙333333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffffff3fffffff3fff̙ffff3fffff???__ߟ߿3f̙3333f33̙3ff3ffff̙f3f̙3f̙̙3f̙3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f{*[# IDATxK@_cܚ@Y(㜝DL _$'3                  p 0qvtłB=rS bFY^R@ ݂h@!0!tɍXE 2;Agv'?A1.KAӣ &ӡ X/.ԈtP..A@A#Xpd@@@x#ݼ0c.51L AR 1EKAQ < =6AI |K A;x %   .Z=_^Z;uORb~9웗[0]Y&- 2Q|Ne=X*Av= |/|ApUxإ wkPv9m$vfG "vd |ZgC-` @G 3dߑvD@@@@@x ,wA&J@@eAՃ p9Gj p9O4q]zjDO=v8pzlA> FKXy+H<*h kc~4kno [\sAxr7OQ^j7 2tAwYڀ p9s^ e!\ @X(.׍\ p9 <ƮlG=Yc\=Y M{utg6 f۴@1 b"A VĀ pZYq Z UA-=*T] .GY!l|`35 r.T+-4J ] 2"c\A+AWT PMŊ!hݼnXG>ԡ9tGo`bn- Bc:Ū~u &pAk33圯kT;=SOގ5;|[.-#ҋ12CK rQ/nïwO>?;!9:ekrnhh|k^e|CYˌi{5fn&Ly}\6Z2ɛl KüŗcW !x&`K,ݼ!#Eȫ W>$4MQ6JgIZQz3^5 )hg*Vy/v{ԃ-莆H![ +H6 XP y)nb ky:Un.l $Ot&L(-`"72Xm#1 |!]+*W^/EhFH*]rA 5$`Sϱ]2`ʺX, EWDk}Dxmw3i:# N xdI uҬ[!-tFQ{2-t:jW$G (( !h _u 4A5Aĉ ]@1L5f:A d(TAnޖ,i!hWփ p9C@W]A@ ]=A%AyWU0ThImp$}.>04л`K%L!Sr̵54н&=\64{I 4ihM O6w%7k#>A~tX1_  ^*o,M x 4A BGhfA0A !ł`vA0PF? tikMgQ"AtUy8CT07hHoH5K"D<MzմGcQ ?tm],qZYҗڈG&Uanܱ6h(471 9h6tO|T浭P6Ll_xi.en: kdӑهB@]t.V?`Կ L[c_k3D>ۜ^P`Z++`AN߂ͥI FT݂gKy c)_d/b)-OdmǾF Yfb _˫&* A4?7[AAXm皜m5g ff#ȴ] ȫ۩%^AvFiڒ mI?A>n 8H+EjXAvDgnޅZAW2N45JCP"TIWi+`-u$';Ɔș^:}Afϖϟ$WXDAn@i;-mAR? /H 2>vp'UFCXv/zIqH*/{n$XtQ\&Wa:$]lOFLYcANDB? AbOBLzQTO_6MŘx3/Aգ[ C<&䋅QxՐ{9hKncMGT1~ˆ9n5RQshN''D,P,wA z6m})NB=uU٣zZ dbKtܷQ_m>};,wm[C(B ٦H&׋e1ˏn#uA>+ K7T"pؐ("fYSZ]jBzkj Ld\QYH#fƿ*Vc9ZO dr0X?TluyD"ށL5(dK4&O5I@ 7J 2 ոY^AmP|Wt8$r3 Eو Ȭի& [.%[! cdbAk7lȜ+BCbkpk3,L׋(筗$f<(\X^$Z,Ӎ]2gh; z!EC6bG6H/@¥V:w(b Aܘo[,Hd]%ǖ 2ln^=ty>{Ȼs'@7""$1xx^Lax{ #v+*Hrx% ߣ RbGXr EaZbAK@LLUA 7,P$HҸ/F^Vzy`Ȩy5V/Zܓc?%3HNhA>D1[mMAJHazfʼQbE@ZX_{^;EVz Jjw) } M io"nwT2T'HUggP5?왇@̂ށm :o7 I2&ȸQ5CW;5~mAӭUi 5fHM؞#ID uW%LQc!&,~LXCDb0TFTQکۼ[Ak6iܐTff0?sg"z13NulA1%Ƒ %ks 2v I_,H<++yjռVݼd'mJ).e4Rfm޵Z>kr͖2ZJQy2=[҃dA*HI4#n9n;Xɴt΁+ X  [jW$сޢ#6{+ Nf龑S˱h3ɭ3Ar"J S!HXr4Ö[ bskA(< s^?.dW/ΐ;W-cO ,X);BAK.4'A?=A "k7oH8a#3IazAS?BAY%TIA`6>(KuKZE h|؀rd(ˈuXH-暴ŏrS: Ҁ Ӟh!\k'xj MAMX;yEg!嵉{ӂhb ڏg 2dM47 P1,C V 1QbtɓIYQ$*@<(M1>l96@OYQ8 iB>EȻSw&?@y$^kqdα$2s)*> פ7 r-dHyY4=؋U#Hѵ*iꓠ |-Hх =iCN?BA>x _bD]LCs>i)Ze?zFqtVKˬЅ ҤjBz81ALbY*?08t@nws^&ȸlRK\TZpt |ѩ%/tuA. *Ab9OWC1Cjc9x1UdZb1>Dp$NmAڭ A:%aPW:)Rmdv 4sVzAlT H%DZP ]R9Ɋ"+NC)0L5++ 3Td,mA(=JZ2RI&^t*tuA킄B¤3m& J Ҡq,Fjm%BHV8'o:1H]2zU  ŷHu4ND\, jrG3Cj6DGٓ OgM@lمk) z)ۺ=#+~ H0^pj]k"F?MR[Msb]/?=R5C4u@!X1,bEɴ1R3j|x>( ㄀*avG F]͵( ȹEI+SNِ?<o\ 'P&+ak现faA65ldWV||_cJ9=$zcUM\AN$3}K~11dS j6HJR9m[F!T+}j3KGA==T*~#bΞyA@< #^QD3K폽#𻈒[I=%a<*+FyAJV Pّ>ϋQ,AKE$"Yןtbm]͉ų iD0E9x)AX)/SZU_B/c&o!cI!{ A=ҍk[0}R=]QAʮm額@}ZVONdyZ6`h 5i?ȷL[W 2cdl H.>TRyuGBrV'[dy &ounVmLAc.tF׫b-LYpg=Ċ-e@x22Vd *{!Ob[2(uk[-b"լ.q VQҵi$r?_{#[jFwj] 6I9T R ۫Dx %<ha{wDC|%㬼f;F7?}× b9pߞKa.ևK"&+HCmt0f %5ؑ\ |6x:AK aD|] W)*`LU)IA0T\ !79G k*N @ &v|10P%X$W9t3A4yWjfC` { gaIK:d7 ZkY71L O !cbA3 OݑGVIE/tQANfd] I w"AFx ZTƔwR!YA$5 | 酥Y<}.  Δiێ]2.zH $KyY&gDlEq>daZr\_kSa'U ЎÂG(̝M1 1gs'tg#%NO 0H9c(AQA А%MKgS@CLN:/AΜ@KJ'_@g ȅ 8?jK yr!@NϽm3Ah \<y rT"]@@'b*t&ѓAhK-VA& e islNA-rD2䁜\i!Qt k9t:-m*R3Х NAMgIDAT= H0A{ H A>H0 iL1FBAko"@4$|@β?7˹]M}.vA|1ō޲o.SAvseП A^@+AN^O~ ~K2 J|W;r4w~ I;2AVܹ_H#>P|W; 4ߕ zb=l3@I]i{=@  @wݿn}د={z*X!2'b0*I /b51@lS*ľ" 9Ngعcz~<|'$~1DI2!Â=hBe,DgkG|,@t& wc<p"r$͇|! 0x;!6FN U!s1ܱ!AIT CⓎI"o#B$o#&wZRcp;"I3sx^bkOyxӫ +a %HB- )(3ɟT S ϥ9 2m|YWH"Y_هFxTm8mC8%elAoC4D̆TI"+"|w %$R;ژ}aaXLp *DN}cQD$xu96 C G@ ?_I< Yo pm|^ lCNK ] ~,-IBYSIkq9A%C$R?7,D,4>?:k Zmp?X'Y(}$x^ }REidtKgl9ͯ g$JOk9T6!" LXa$4roT @@@@@y44K"x;;o߿{0z|-;$Ǜz2~H g\y ;IAk4MS( '4 xa^ qD i~ T{-~I cn8mπ HJlF q$:!  DZd]*86H  j,̓ hdy"bMR<8{5"b  2#k;؂ ׂ L^F/AZy.J?$dm*X"d6z ȣA@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@Ax2|dIENDB` [<@<Normal1$CJOJQJhmH nH <A@<Default Paragraph Font4&@4Footnote Reference# |B#`-`]`` (&*|<%(')+,-/ #((.O"$R?0Wg"Fx:2~a1b$?mNs b$<{eЍBh `b$E~4Zw*Ԁ@\(  `  S 0Afig1.BMPZ  C *Afig2.BMPB S  ?n ~#<i43 4t{ER>M  AN"/)6kx}9>ejw;@ELQZjotG M U [ ` g r!{!!!!!!!K#R#W#`#h#n#s####{F M R^>H Zjp(+<@ C!F!d!j!_"f"####Dr. Zdenko Franic,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of RAD.asdDr. Zdenko Franic F:\franic.doc@EPSON Stylus COLOR 440LPT1:EPIJNL20EPSON Stylus COLOR 440EPSON Stylus COLOR 440& 4hh DLLName16=EPIGUE3P.DLLDLLName32=EPIDA230.DLLEPSON Stylus COLOR 440hh L L dhh q*** q***24 EPSON Stylus COLOR 440& 4hh DLLName16=EPIGUE3P.DLLDLLName32=EPIDA230.DLLEPSON Stylus COLOR 440hh L L dhh q*** q***24 }}&}}(#@<@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3& Arial9WP MathA"A h773?! 2j$Dr. Zdenko FranicDr. Zdenko FranicOh+'0l   ( 4 @LT\dssDr. Zdenko Franicdr.  Normal.dotFDr. Zdenko Franicd2. Microsoft Word 8.0@F#@nԾ@nԾ3՜.+,D՜.+,4 hp   IMI Zagrebi?j$   TitleP(RZ _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKSAN{338AE8A2-4071-11D3-9357-444553540000}A BJ fig1.BMPBI fig2.BMP  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWXYZ[\]_`abcdeghijklmpRoot Entry̙3f̙̙3f FnԾnԾr̙31Table3f̙3f3f3ff3fffff3fV3fWordDocument{*[# cܚ@Y(㜝DL _$ SummaryInformation   (      p^tDocumentSummaryInformation%H8%HnB5&HfCompObjH&H&H*'H'Hj.(HQ(H(H(H<)Hi)Hx)H%BBBBBձBto CroatDfCExF:DF:@E\DAC`B`u  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89qOh+'0l   ( 4 @LT\dssDr. Zdenko Franicdr.  Normal.dotFDr. Zdenko Franicd3. Microsoft Word 8.0@d@nԾ@LNYԾC՜.+,D՜.+,4 hp   IMI Zagrebi@$   TitleP(RZ _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKSAN{338AE8A2-4071-11D3-9357-444553540000}A BJ fig1.BMPBI fig2.BMP%o&l'=(((((((<>P֫$$ $0 `5"b  2#k;؂ ׂ L^F/AZy.J?$dm*X"d6z ȣA@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@Ax2|dIENDB`Figure 1 activities in the city of Zagreb Figure 2 Sr activities in the cities of Zagreb and Zadar () () ()a lot of (<P֫ 6OJQJOJQJ [<@<Normal1$CJOJQJhmH nH <A@<Default Paragraph Font4&@4Footnote Referenceg$ g$`-`` p y c$h$`` (֫&*V|<%֫')+,-/ #((.UnknownDr. Zdenko FranicO"$R?0Wg"Fx:2~a1b$?mNs b$<{eЍBh `b$E~4Zw*Ԁ@\(  `  S 0Afig1.BMPZ  C *Afig2.BMPB S  ?n g$<4[4t{ER>M  p}#(@EQ^mvOR^j FL !!!!>!G!O!V!!!!!" ""!"########d$h${F M u}!!$!!!!!""U$\$d$h$Dr. Zdenko Franic,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of RAD.asdDr. Zdenko Franic F:\franic.docDr. Zdenko Franic/C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of franic.asdDr. Zdenko Franic F:\franic.doc@EPSON Stylus COLOR 440LPT1:EPIJNL20EPSON Stylus COLOR 440EPSON Stylus COLOR 440& 4hh DLLName16=EPIGUE3P.DLLDLLName32=EPIDA230.DLLEPSON Stylus COLOR 440hh L L dhh q*** q***24 EPSON Stylus COLOR 440& 4hh DLLName16=EPIGUE3P.DLLDLLName32=EPIDA230.DLLEPSON Stylus COLOR 440hh L L dhh q*** q***24 $C$Eƀ6b'$6 m n p x y ~  h$%&',-46;<MORSlc$d$e$f$g$0@0"@0"@101#@1110:0<0"@1>0N184@1P100@00@ 10@01@01111|10111011100<@0<@1«1ҫ0B@0Q@0Q@0Q@0Q@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3& Arial9WP MathA"A h77 C@! 2$Dr. Zdenko FranicDr. Zdenko Franic'_UEAHjM_OEDwR1-W2[#D O0C 5b+{ 6 W&fE K7 (KJ&];y5' ;$]  zglasa-vanje i nikY avanje oreenostgraenom ujueh G (bjbjَ d$]0004d    &4dEEE  =8  $n0E@EEEq ]n:q q q E\80 ddE q q 0 ZcԾd  Root Entry̙3f̙̙3f FnԾcԾ̙31Table3f̙3f3f3ff3fffff3fV3fWordDocument{*[# cܚ@Y(㜝DL _$߄ SummaryInformation   (      p t  !"#$%&'()*+,-.v123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTwWXYZ[\]0xz{|}~DocumentSummaryInformation%H8%HnB5&HCompObjH&H&H*'H'Hj.(H0Table(H(H<)Hi)Hx)H%By BBձBto CroatDfCExF:DF:@E\DAC`B`u LINKSAN{338AE8A2-4071-11D3-9357-444553540000}A BJ fig1.BMPBI fig2.BMPOh+'0l   ( 4 @LT\d  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q՜.+,D՜.+,4 hp   IMI Zagrebi@$   TitleP(RZ _PID_GUID _PID_HssDr. Zdenko Franicdr.  Normal.dotFDr. Zdenko Franicd3. Microsoft Word 8.0@d@nԾ@LNYԾC