ࡱ > q` bjbjqPqP 8 : : gB
u u u 8 v v N Jx `x `x `x `x ;y ;y ;y V X X X X X X $ 9 h J | ) R ;y ;y R R | `x `x R Z
`x `x V R V `x >x 0no! u
ڙ | 0 ~ @ ;y N | \ ~ ɀ ;y ;y ;y | | 4 R ;y ;y ;y R R R R dY Jb Jb P R E C I P I T A T I O N A N D T E M P E R A T U R E I N F L U E N C E S O N M A I Z E Y I E L D S
I N E A S T E R N C R O A T I A
K o v a
e v i V .
A b s t r a c t
M a i z e i s t h e m o s t w i d e s p r e a d c r o p o n a r a b l e l a n d s i n C r o a t i a . I t o c c u p i e s a b o u t 0 . 4 m i l l i o n h e c t a r e s o r a f o u r t h o f a r a b l e l a n d a r e a s . I n g e n e r a l , u n d e r environmental conditions of Eastern Croatia, there is usually a close connection between low maize yields and precipitation shortage combined with high air-temperatures. Two growing seasons (2000 and 2003) were especially unfavorable for maize growing. For example, low yields for 2000 (34% lower in comparison with four previous years) is mainly influenced by water deficit. In 2003 they were in association with drought in June-August (30% lower precipitaion) combined with high air-temperatures - mean 23.3 oC or for 2.8 oC higher than 30-year mean. Water deficit becoming main limiting factor of maize yields in Eastern Croatia under dry farming system. The objective of this study was to examine association between maize yield and weather characteristics. Irrigation is needed for minimizing annually yield variations.
Key words: maize, grain yield, precipitation quantities, Eastern Croatia
INTRODUCTION
Maize is the most widespread crop on arable lands in Croatia. It occupies about 0.4 million hectares (mean 2001-2003 = 406 thousands ha) or a fourth of arable land areas of the country. In the earlier period maize harvested areas were about 0.5 million hectares (20-year mean 1971-1980 = 503300 ha). Maize grain yields in Eastern Croatia are about 30% higher in comparison with mean yields of the country. Besides the degree of soil fertility, precipitation and temperature regimes during a growing season significantly influence maize yields as well. This problem is curetting by climate change (Lang et al., 2006). I n g e n e r a l , u n d e r e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s o f E a s t e r n C r o a t i a , t h e r e i s u s u a l l y a c l o s e c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n l o w m a i z e y i e l d s a n d p r e c i p i t a t i o n s h o r t a g e , e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g t h e t w o s u m m e r m o n t h s , J u l y a n d A u g u s t ( J o s i p o v i e t a l . , 2 0 0 5 ; K o v a
e v i a n d K a u
i , 2 0 0 6 ; K o v a
e v i e t a l . 2 0 0 7 ; `o at a r i a n d J o s i p o v i , 2 0 0 6 ) . T h i s p h e n o m e n o n i s m a i n l y m o r e i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r i n t h e e a s t e r n p a r t o f t h e r e g i o n i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h i t s w e s t e r n p a r t b e c a u s e o f p r e v a i l i n g o f m o r e a e r a t e d s o i l s . T h e s e f i n d i n g s a r e c o n s i s t e n t w ith experiences from the USA Corn Belt (Shaw, 1988). The objective of this study was to examine association between maize yield and weather characteristics (temperature and precipitation regimes).
________________________________________________________________________
Revial paper; Prof. Dr. V l a d o K o v a
e v i , s c i e n t i f i c a d v i s e r , U n i v e r s i t y J . J . S t r o s s m a y e r i n O s i j e k , F a c u l t y o f A g r i c u l t u r e , T r g S v e t o g T r o j s t v a 3 , H R - 3 1 0 0 0 O s i j e k , C r o a t i a ; e - m a i l : H Y P E R L I N K " m a i l t o : v k o v a c e v i c @ p f o s . h r " v k o v a c e v i c @ p f o s . h r
M A T E R I A L A N D M E T H O D S
D e s c r i p t i o n o f the territory and sources of the data
The region of Eastern Croatia until 1992 covered 11090 km2 or 19.6% of the state territory and it was divided in 14 municipalities. Since 1992, according new territorial division the Eastern Croatia covers five counties of total area 12452 km2 (or 21.9 % of the state territory) as follows: Vukovar-Syrmium, Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Barannya, Pozega-Slavonia and Virovitica-Podravina County.
The data of State Bureau for Statistics were used as source of grain yields data. State Hydrometeorological Institute was source of meteorological data (precipitation and mean air-temperatures). War escalation in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 was reason that maize yields data were uncompleted. Also, in this period field crop yields were low, mainly as affected by war-induced factors. For this reason, only data for the period 1996-2005 were shown (with exception of data for 2004 because Statistical Yearbook has not contains data of yields and arable crops harvested areas). Also, the internal d a t a o f t h e f o r m e r s t a t e f a r m s ( S F ) J a s i n j e S l a v . B r o d , S F a k o v o a n d S F K u t j e v o w e r e u s e d ( T a b l e s 3 a n d 4 ) .
C l i m a t e , r e l i e f , g e o m o r p h o l o g i c , g e o l o g i c a n d p e d o l o g i c a l f e a t u r e s o f E a s t e r n C r o a t i a
T h e P a n n o n i a n p a r t o f C r o a t i a h a s t e m p e r a t e c o n t i n e n t al climate with four clearly differentiated seasons. All climatic elements manifest certain changes on going from the east to the west. The eastern part (the region eastern Croatia) is characterized by dry and torrid summers and harsh winters, in contrast to the western part with considerably higher precipitation and smaller temperature amplitudes. For example, the average monthly precipitation in Osijek and Zagreb amounts to 660 and 854 mm, respectively. The mean annual temperature decreases in the same direction from 10.9 (Osijek) to 9.9 oC (Varazdin).
Eastern Croatia occupies the eastern part of the Pannonian Croatia. With regard of the field crops growing, especially maize and wheat, this region is very important. Geomorphologically, Pannonian Croatia constitutes a spacious plain with three geomorphologic and geological-lithological units as follows: the Holocene terrace, the Pleistocene terrace and the Midslavonian Mountains ( J a n e k o v i e t a l . 1 9 7 1 ; `k o r i e t a l . 1 9 8 5 ) . T h e i r r e l i e f , g e o m o r p h o l o g i c , g e o l o g i c a n d p e d o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w i t h a s p e c t o f a r a b l e c r o p s g r o w i n g w e r e s h o w n i n t h e p r e v i o u s s t u d y ( K o v a c e v i c e t a l . , 2 0 0 7 ) .
R E S U L T S A N D D I S C U S S I O N
I n t h e l e a s t f o u r - d ecade period maize yields in Croatia have increasing trend with high degree of their variation among the years. For example, the lowest annually yield was for 27% lower than maximal annual yield for both decade periods (1971-1990), while in the period 1996-2005 it was for even 44% lower. Maize yields in Eastern Croatia region are higher (27%, 25% and 16%, for the first, second and third tested decade, respectively) compared to the state mean. In the 1996-2005 period, maize harvested area in Croatia decreased about 25% in comparison with 20-year mean of 1971-1990, whereas yields showed mild increasing trend (Table 1).
Maize yield for 1996-2005 decade period in VSc was for 11% higher in comparison with mean yield of remaining four counties ( 6.73 and 6.04 t / h a , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) , m a i n l y a s a f f e c t e d b y p r e v a i l i n g o f m o r e f e r t i l e s o i l s i n t h i s p a r t o f t h e r e g i o n ( J a n e k o v i , 1 9 7 1 ) . I n g e n e r a l , m a i z e y i e l d s w e r e l o w e r i n t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n s c h a r a c t e r i z i n g t h e l o w e r p r e c i p i t a t i o n a n d t h e h i g h e r a i r - t e m p e r a t u r e s c o m p ared to long-term means. Also, under water shortage conditions maize yield differences among the counties are mainly lower (Table 2).
In the last decade period (1996-2005) two growing seasons (2000 and 2003) were especially unfavorable for maize growing. For example, low maize yield in the region of Eastern Croatia in 2000 (34% lower in comparison with four previous years) is mainly influenced by water shortage. Low yields of maize for the 2003 growing season were in association with water deficite in June-August period (30% lower in comparison with long-term mean) combined with extremelly high air-temperatures - mean 23.3 oC or for 2.8 oC higher than 30-year mean (Table 2).
Drained hydromorphic soils are dominant soil types of the SF Jasinje Slav. Brod. In the past, excess of water was also limiting factor of maize yields in this area, but after draining water deficit (Table 3) and nutritional problems (mainly low levels of plant available phosphorus) became main limiting factors of maize yields (Petosic e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 ) .
T a b l e 1 . M a i z e h a r v e s t e d a r e a a n d g r a i n y i e l d s i n C r o a t i a , E a s t e r n C r o a t i a r e g i o n a s w e l l
T a b e l a 1 . P o ~e t e p o v r ai n e i p r i n o s i z r n a k u k u r u z a u H r v a t s k o j i u r e g i j i i s t o
n e H r v a t s k e
M a i z e h a r v e s t e d a r e a ( h a ) a n d y i e l d s ( t / h a ) / P o ~e t e p o vrine(ha) i prinosi kukuruza (t/ha)The 1971-1980 periodThe 1981-1990 periodThe 1996-2005 period*Year/God.hat/haYear/God.hat/haYear/God.hat/haRepublic of Croatia / Republika Hrvatska1971
1972
1973
1974
1975506567
489086
516292
480311
5303613.35
3.39
3.56
3.86
4.151981
1982
1983
1984
1985518615
494235
511753
501313
5286604.62
5.03
4.85
5.33
4.851996
1997
1998
1999
2000361000
371000
378000
384000
3883385.22
5.88
5.25
5.56
3.931976
1977
1978
1979
1980503646
501556
465842
487939
4838073.84
4.50
4.04
4.56
4.141986
1987
1988
1989
1990531589
495946
511224
503378
5038765.16
4.44
3.92
4.44
3.872001
2002
2003
2004
2005406000
407000
406515
-
3189315.45
6.14
3.86
-
6.92Mean4965413.94Mean5100594.65Mean3800875.3620062961956.53Eastern Croatia / I s t o
n a H r v a t s k a 1 9 7 1
1 9 7 1
1 9 7 3
1 9 7 4
1 9 7 5 2 0 8 8 9 2
1 9 5 9 4 2
2 1 6 1 7 2
1 9 2 1 8 2
2 2 1 6 3 2 4 . 0 6
4 . 6 7
4 . 3 0
5 . 1 6
5 . 1 4 1 9 8 1
1 9 8 2
1 9 8 3
1 9 8 4
1 9 8 5 2 1 4 3 0 1
2 0 1 2 6 8
2 0 9 3 0 5
2 0 6 7 7 9
2 2 1 3 9 5 5 . 7 2
6 . 4 0
6 . 4 0
7 . 0 8
6 . 2 6 1 9 9 6
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 8
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 0 1 5 4 2 0 2
1 5 9 7 7 0
1 6 9 9 3 5
1 7 7 3 5 3
1 8 0 1 8 2 6 . 3 0
7 . 0 1
6.20
6.50
4.311976
1977
1978
1979
1980201462
196650
180862
196632
1896924.76
5.80
5.14
5.87
5.421986
1987
1988
1989
1990217788
197149
209768
208312
2341486.59
5.33
4.78
5.46
4.312001
2002
2003
2004
2005190136
185651
184270
-
1485796.63
7.21
4.49
-
7.29Mean2000125.03Mean212 0215.83Mean1722316.22*with exception of the 1991-1995 (uncompleted data and low yields mainly by war-induced factors) and 2004 (not issued completed Statistical yearbook) period
* s izuzetkom perioda 1991-1995 (nek o m p l e t n i p o d a c i i n i s k i p r i n o s i i z a z v a n i u g l a v n o m r a t n i m p r l i k a m a ) i 2 0 0 4 ( n e k o p m l e t n o i z d a n j e S t a t i s t i
k o g g o d i an j a k a )
T a b l e 2 . G r a i n y i e l d s o f m a i z e ( t / h a ) i n E a s t e r n C r o a t i a ( t h e 1 9 9 6 - 2 0 0 5 p e r i o d a n d w e a t h e r d a t a f o r O s i j e k
T a b e l a 2 . P r i n o s i z r n a k u k u r u z a ( t / h a ) u i s t o
n o j H r v a t s k o j u p e r i o d u 1 9 9 6 - 2 0 0 5 i m e t e o r o l o ak i p o d a c i z a O s i j e k
Y e a r
G o d . M a i z e y i e l d ( t / h a )
P r i n o s k u k u r u z a ( t / h a ) P r e c i p i t a t i o n ( m m ) a n d m e a n a i r - t e m p . ( o C ) i n O s i j e k / P a d a l i n e i t e m p . z r a k a T h e c o u n t y ( c ) * / }u p a n i j a * J u n e JulyAugustVScOBcVPcBPcPScmmoCmmoCmmoC1996
1997
1998
1999
20007.06
7.29
6.49
7.29
4.726.46
7.35
6.53
6.60
3.965.84
6.83
5.88
5.82
4.306.15
6.37
5.48
5.62
4.305.73
6.76
5.59
5.97
4.6730
86
26
150
1021.1
20.8
21.4
20.3
22.595
91
84
95
6319.9
20.3
22.2
21.9
21.777
41
99
74
520.6
20.5
21.8
21.3
23.72001
2002
20037.37
6.82
5.156.79
7.50
4.325.94
7.67
4.575.77
6.42
3.985.94
6.46
4.53240
36
4418.1
21.1
24.377
59
6121.6
22.3
22.1 7
77
4122.7
20.9
23.62004 data not availab l e / n e m a p o d a t a k a 7 7 1 9 . 2 4 3 2 1 . 5 9 6 2 1 . 0 2 0 0 5 8 . 3 8 6 . 9 8 6 . 5 9 7 . 1 6 7 . 4 3 1 1 2 1 9 . 5 1 7 1 2 1 . 5 2 3 8 1 9 . 3 M e a n 6 . 7 3 6 . 2 8 5 . 9 4 6 . 0 3 5 . 9 0 8 1 2 0 . 8 8 4 2 1 . 5 7 6 2 1 . 5 2 0 0 6 u s u a l y i e l d s / u o b i
a j e n i p r i n o s i 9 1 2 0 . 1 1 5 2 3 . 5 1 3 3 1 9 . 3 A v e r a g e s / P r o s e c i : 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 9 0 8 8 1 9 . 5 6 5 2 1 . 1 5 8 2 0 . 3 * t h e c o u n t i e s ( c ) : V u k o v a r - S i r m i u m ( V S c ) , O s i j e k - B a r a n y a ( O B c ) , V i r o v i t i c a - P o d r a v i n a
( V P c ) , B r o d - P o s a v i n a ( B P c ) a n d P o z e g a - S l a v o n i a ( P S c ) .
* ~u p a n i j e : V u k o v a r s k o - s r i j e m s k a , O s j e
k o - b a r a n j s k a , V i r o v i t i
k o - P o d r a v s k a ,
B r o d s k o - p o s a v s k a i P o ~e k o - s l a v o n s k a .
T a b l e 3 . I n f l u e n c e s o f w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s o n m a i z e y i e l d s o n t h e s t a t e f a r m J a s i n j e a n d w e a t h e r d a t a o f S l a v . B r o d W e a t h e r B u r e a u ( P e t o s i c e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 )
T a b e l a X X . U t i c a j v r e m e n s k i h p r i l i k a n a p r i n o s e k u k u r u z a n a A g r o k o m b i n a t u J a s i n j e i m e t e o r o l o ak i p o d a c i z a S l a v . B r o d ( P e t o ai i s u r . , 2 0 0 3 )
G r a i n y i e l d s o f m a i z e o n A K J a s i n j e S l a v o n s k i B r o d a n d w e a t h e r d a t a
P r i n o s i k u k u r z a n a A K J a s i n j e i m e t e o r o l o ak i p o d a c i z a S l a v . B r o d L e s s f a v o r a b l e y e a r s
N e p o v o l j n e g o d i n e M o r e f a v o r a b l e y e a r s
P o v o l j n e g o d i n e A v e r a g e
P r o s e k 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 9 1 9 7 1 - 1 9 9 0 M a i z e y i e l d s ( t / h a ) o n A K J a s i n j e ( i n t h e b r a c k e t : h a r v e s t e d a r e a i n h a )
P r i n o s i k u k u r u z a ( t / h a ) n a A K J a s i n j e ( u z a g r a d i : p o ~e t a p o v r ai n a u h a ) 5 . 4 2
( 3 1 7 3 ) 4.35
(2963)7.72
(3525)7.02
(2781)5.42
(3231)Month
MesecPrecipitation (mm) and mean air-temperatures (oC) - Slavonski Brod
Padaline (mm) i srednje temp. vazduha (oC) - Slavonski BrodmmoCmmoCmmoCmmoCmmoCJan.- March18419820563129April - Sept.30217.929917.940217.458417.142616.9July + Aug.8621.49722.418920.114920.515820.0
Influences of water and temperature regimes on maize yields in the most remaining SF of the region are similar as for Jasinje (for exa m p l e , t h e S F V p r x
, =
>
G
ƻyePePey@ h" h" 6CJ aJ mH sH )h" h" 6CJ H*PJ mH nH tHu&h" h" 6CJ PJ mH nH tHu h" h" 6CJ h" h" 6CJ mH sH h" h" 6mH sH h30 h" 56mH sH hjU mH sH h X mH sH hL[ hv mH sH h" hv 5mH sH h" 5mH sH h" h X 5mH sH h" h} 5mH sH h" h 5mH sH r =
>
$a$gd[_= $a$gdzWB $a$gdzWB $a$gd" $a$gd" $a$gd* $a$gd" G
B x v 6 r . Y s t z J < > ƼƲƼƔƊƊƊƊƊƂzrgXg j hL[ h[_= UmH sH hL[ h[_= mH sH hjU mH sH hv mH sH h[_= mH sH hcM CJ mH sH h|G CJ mH sH h_R CJ mH sH h< CJ mH sH hNdB CJ mH sH h} CJ mH sH hL[ hzWB CJ mH sH hL[ hv mH sH h" hjU 6mH sH h" 6mH sH h" h" 6mH sH " ( a b c 4 = ? K k | ƻ|qj_qTLT hQ mH sH h9h hQ mH sH h9h hl I mH sH h9h h h9h hA mH sH h9h hN" H* h9h hN" h9h h mH sH h9h hN" H*mH sH h9h hN" mH sH h9h hN" 6>*mH sH hYb hv mH sH hL[ h[_= mH sH hL[ h[_= 0J mH sH j hL[ h[_= UmH sH #j hL[ h[_= UmH sH ( 2 # # # # r& * , ". $. . / / %0 $$If a$gd i $a$gdY $a$gd9h $a$gdp $a$gd* $a$gd $a$gdN" n p x " # 2 3 " " " @" \" " r# t# v# # # # # # $ $ @% T% f% m% % 廴|qjcj_jcj h|G h$ hA h$ hp h_R hv mH sH h> hN" h> hL[ h> hu% hL[ hu% hL[ hL[ hu% h> hL[ hN" H*hN" h9h hN" h9h hN" >*h9h hL[ >*h9h hL[ 6>* h9h hL[ 6>*aJ mH sH h9h hN" 6>*aJ mH sH h9h h mH sH "% f& r& * N, n, w, y, , , , , , , , , , , - . ". $. &. `. n. . . . . . . / / ϰϰϡ{rl{f{l`V{ h h 6CJ
hY CJ
hmX CJ
h CJ hY h CJ hY hY CJ
hX@ CJ h<_ hcW+ hkI ha h:
h:
hM0 PJ mH nH sHtHu"hgq hp H*PJ mH nH tHu h~; PJ mH nH tHu hgq hp PJ mH nH tHu hgq hp h$ hp #h$ hp PJ mH nH sHtHu / / / / / / / $0 d0 f0 g0 k0 l0 p0 q0 y0 ~0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 xmbSS hUM hY CJ aJ mH sH hY h{ mH sH hY h{ mH sH h h 6mH sH h mH sH h{ mH sH hY hY mH sH h h 6CJ aJ mH sH h h CJ aJ mH sH h hY CJ aJ mH sH hY hY H*mH sH h h 6mH sH hY mH sH h mH sH hY hY mH sH %0 &0 ;0 P0 f0 $$If a$gd g kd $$If l 7
t 0 6 4 4
l a f0 g0 q0 t0 y0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 q e e e e e e e e e ` Ff $$If a$gd kdK $$If l F d7
t 0 6 4 4
l a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 g kd $$If l 7
t 0 6 4 4
l a $$If a$gd 1 1 "1 '1 ,1 11 61 =1 D1 K1 R1 Y1 ^1 c1 h1 m1 r1 w1 |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 $$If a$gd 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 "2 '2 ,2 12 62 =2 D2 K2 Ff $$If a$gd K2 R2 Y2 ^2 c2 h2 m2 r2 w2 |2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Ff
$$If a$gd 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 "4 $4 V4 \4 d4 j4 r4 x4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 "5 ɽɽɽծ|m^m^m^m^m^m^m^m^ hUM h> CJ aJ mH sH hUM hoM CJ aJ mH sH hY h{ mH sH h h 6mH sH h mH sH h{ mH sH hY h-} mH sH hUM h-} CJ aJ mH sH hUM hv+
6mH sH hUM hY 6mH sH hY hY mH sH hUM hY CJ aJ mH sH hUM hY CJ H*aJ mH sH $2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 "4 $$If a$gd{ Ffm FfC
$$If a$gd "4 $4 .4 84 B4 L4 V4 d4 r4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 $$If a$gdgRP g kdk $$If l 7
t 0 6 4 4
l a 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 *5 85 F5 P5 Z5 d5 n5 x5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 $$If a$gdgRP "5 *5 05 85 >5 6 6 +6 .6 26 56 96 <6 @6 C6 G6 J6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 -7 27 87 97 =7 >7 ?7 G7 `7 x7 7 7 7 8 ĻįϧϧĚ h_R h 6CJ hY CJ mH sH hY hY CJ mH sH hM0 mH sH hrS hLu \mH sH h> \mH sH hY hLu mH sH hLu mH sH hY hoM mH sH hUM h> CJ aJ mH sH hUM hoM CJ aJ mH sH 06 6 6 6 6 6 !6 &6 +6 26 96 @6 G6 N6 S6 X6 ]6 b6 g6 l6 q6 v6 {6 6 6 6 6 6 Ff; $$If a$gdgRP 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 $$If a$gd"8 Ffy $$If a$gdgRP 7 (7 -7 27 97 >7 ?7 7 8 8 8 9 : : : : : ; ; $$If a$gdv $If gd0 $$If a$gd i $a$gdN $a$gd| gdA gdY Ff $$If a$gd"8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 "9 49 89 h9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 p: r: : : : : : : : ƾγΔwh`[QF h< hE& mHsH hE& hE& 6\ hN \h8 hN \ hK hN CJ aJ mH sH h: h: 6h 6mH sH h: h: 6mH sH h@b mH sH hE& hE& mH sH h hE& mH sH h h0 mH sH h: mH sH h0 mH sH h h@b mH sH hjU h_R h 6CJ mH sH h_R h 6CJ h_R hgRP 6CJ : : : ; ; ; ; n; p; t; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; < <
< < < < #< üzumbVmJ>h8 hv \mH sH h8 hv \mH sH hN h@b \mH sH h8 h@b mH sH h8 hv \ hE& \h8 h{nT \h8 h@b \hN hN \ h8 hN hE& hE& 6hE& h8 hv mH sH h8 hv H*mH sH h8 hv h< hN \mHsHh< h0 mHsH h< hE& 6mHsHh< hE& mHsH h< hE& CJ aJ mHsH; ; ; ; < <
< w k _ k V V $If gd i $$If a$gd i $$If a$gd i kd $$If l 4 F 0 0 4
l al f4
< < < < < < < #< Q E E E E E E $$If a$gd i kdk $$If l 4 r z* 0 z 0 4
l al f4 #< &< )< ,< /< 2< 5< 6< ;< @< E< J< O< T< Y< ^< c< h< m< r< w< |< < < < $$If a$gd Ff $$If a$gd+t $$If a$gd i #< &< '< ,< -< 2< 3< 5< 6< O< < D= E= T= = = = = = = = = = = = >
> $> V> X> b> > > > ξβξΣΔΔβ΄tbξZ h[N mH sH "hUM hE& 6CJ \aJ mH sH hUM h/`R CJ \aJ mH sH hUM hE& CJ \aJ mH sH hUM h.g CJ aJ mH sH hUM hCY4 CJ aJ mH sH hN h8 \mH sH hUM h8 CJ \aJ mH sH hUM h8 CJ aJ mH sH hN hv \mH sH h8 hv H*mH sH h8 hv mH sH !< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < $$If a$gd[N $$If a$gd i < = = = = = = = = #= &= )= += 0= 5= := ?= D= E= J= O= T= Y= ^= $$If a$gd Ff# $$If a$gd i $$If a$gd+t $$If a$gd[N ^= c= h= m= r= w= |= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = $$If a$gd+t $If gd8 $$If a$gd[N $$If a$gd i = = = = = = = = = = &> ,> 6> <> F> L> V> $$If a$gd[N $If gdE& $$If a$gd Ff9' $$If a$gd i $If gd8 $$If a$gd+t V> X> kd) $$If l ִ =z* 0 = = X X X 0 4
l al X> b> l> v> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ? ? ? ? $If gd^ Ff+ $$If a$gd+t $$If a$gd[N $$If a$gd i $$If a$gd > > ? ? ? ? ? &? (? ,? .? 6? 8? :? D? `? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ŷtttttth`W hd \mH sH hd mH sH hN h-} \mH sH hUM hd CJ \aJ mH sH hUM h-} CJ \aJ mH sH "hUM hE& 6CJ \aJ mH sH hUM hE& CJ \aJ mH sH hUM h-} CJ aJ mH sH hN h[N \mH sH h 6\mH sH h[N 6\mH sH h[N h[N 6\mH sH h8 h[N mH sH ? (? .? 8? :? D? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? $$If a$gd0 $If gd^ Ff/ $$If a$gd i $$If a$gd+t ? ? kd1 $$If l ִ =z* 0 = = X X X 0 4
l al ? ? ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ Y kd2 $$If l F 0 0 4
l al $$If a$gd i $$If a$gd0 $If gd^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ "@ &@ (@ 0@ 2@ 4@ 8@ \@ @ @ A RA TA >B @B PB B B zC ǿ߱ǟnh_Y_
h CJ hUM h&5H CJ
h~; CJ +h~; h~; CJ PJ aJ mH nH sHtHuhE& hE& 6hN hhL hg hN hE& h{nT h[N hd 6\mH sH h[N h.g 6\mH sH hd mH sH hN hd \mH sH h8 hd \mH sH hd \mH sH hT hE& 6\mH sH hE& \mH sH "@ "@ (@ 2@ $$If a$gd i $$If a$gd+t 2@ 4@ @ $a$gdN kd3 $$If l ִ "z* 0 " X X X X 0 4
l al @ TA A >B @B zC D $E E E E E F v j j $$If a$gdZ" f kd4 $$If l :
t 0 4 4
l a $If gdZ" gdUM gdUM $a$gd~; $a$gdN zC D D D E "E $E dE fE E E E E E F F 2F 4F XF hF vF F F G G PG RG G G 2H 7H 8H >H LH lH mH H H H H H H H H H H H ̸شظܩܗ܈}u}}܈h&5H h,d H* h&5H h,d h,d h&5H h&5H H* h,d h&5H h,d h,d h< h&5H mHsH hP h&5H hSha hSha h,d hSha 6h< h,d 6mHsHh< hSha 6mHsHh&5H h&5H h&5H ha hUM hUM 6CJ aJ hUM hSha 6CJ aJ .F 4F XF hF vF xF zF F H ? $If gdZ" kd5 $$If l \ : ` R
t 0 4 4
l a $$If a$gdSha $$If a$gdZ" F F F F F $$If a$gdSha $$If a$gdZ" F F F RG G : 1 1 1 $If gdZ" kd5 $$If l ֈ ` 8: ( R
t 0 4 4
l a G G G G H H
H H H H %H *H 1H } q q q q q q q q q q $$If a$gdco $If gdZ" y kd6 $$If l 0 :
t 0 4 4
l a 1H 2H 8H >H H H : 1 1 1 1 $If gdZ" kdk7 $$If l ֈ iQ:
t 0 4 4
l a H H H H H H H H H H H H H } q q q q q q q q q q $$If a$gdco $If gdZ" y kdR8 $$If l 0 :
t 0 4 4
l a H H H H H H H H xI yI J : < > J N t v " ( * ܼ n p v зЋzn`n hUM h[_ 6H*mHsH hUM h[_ 6mHsHh
H*mHsHh
mHsH h[_ mHsH hUM hv9$ 6mHsHhUM hN 6mHsHhUM h % 6mHsHhX@ 6mHsHhN mHsH hv9$ mHsH h % mHsH hX@ mHsH hV Uh<_
h<_ CJ h&5H h&5H h&5H h&5H H* "H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I #I 'I ,I 0I 5I 9I >I ?I Ffr@ Ff*= $$If a$gdco $If gdZ" Ff9 ?I LI OI TI WI \I `I eI iI nI rI wI xI yI : < v gd[_ $a$gd<_ $a$gdjU FfC $$If a$gdco $If gdZ" a k o v o a n d t h e S F K u t j e v o T a b l e 4 ) . H o w e v e r , t h e h i g h e r p o s i t i o n o f t h e S F K u t j e v o ( a r e a o f P o z e g a m u n i c i p a l i t y : a b o u t 2 5 0 m a b o v e s e a l e v e l = A S L ) i s m o r e f a v o r a b l e f o r m a i z e g r o w t h u n d e r w a t e r s h o r t a g e c o n d i t i o n s ( t h e l o w e r t e m p e r a t u r e s ) i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h l o w l a n d p o s i t i o n o f a k o v o a r e a ( b e t w e e n 1 1 0 a n d 1 5 0 m A S L ) . T h i s p h e n o m e n o m c o u l d b e u s e d a s e x p l a n a t i o n f o r m a i z e y i e l d r e d u c t i o n ( c o m p a r i s o n f a v o r a b l e 1 9 9 1 a n d u n f a v o r a b l e 1 9 9 2 g r o w i n g s e a s o n ) f o r o n l y 2 5 % i n t h e S F K u t j e v o c o m p a r e d t o 4 9 % i n t h e S F a k o v o ( T a b l e 4 ) .
T a b l e 4 . W e a t h e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c i n f l u e n c e s o n m a i z e y i e l d s o n t w o s t a t e f a r m s o f E a s t e r n C r o a t i a * f o r t w o g r o w i n g s e a s o n s ( 1 9 9 1 a n d 1 9 9 2 ) K o v a
e v i , 2 0 0 4 )
T a b e l a 4 . U t i c a j v r e m e n s k i h p r i l i k a n a p r i n o s e k u k u r u z a n a d v a k o m b i n a t a i s t o
n e H r v a t s k e * z a d v e g o d i n e ( 1 9 9 1 i 1 9 9 2 ) K o v a
e v i , 2 0 0 4 )
P r e c i p i t a t i o n ( m m ) a n d m e a n a i r - t e m p . ( 0 C ) f o r t w o g r o w i n g s e a s o n s
K o l i
i n a o b o r i n a ( m m ) i s r e d n j e t e m p . z r a k a ( 0 C ) z a d v i j e v e g e t a c i j e M o n t h a k o v o W e a t h e r B u r e a u K u t j e v o W e a t h e r B u r e a u M e s e c M e t e o r o l o ak a s t a n i c a a k o v o M e t e o r o l o ak a s t a n i c a K u t j e v o 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 m m 0 C m m 0 C m m 0 C m m 0 C M a y
J u n e
J u l y
A u g u s t S e p t . 1 1 2
3 4
1 5 2
5 0
2 2 1 2 . 5
2 0 . 0
2 2 . 0
2 0 . 5
1 7 . 8 4 6
1 1 1
2 7
2 0
2 9 1 7 . 0
1 9 . 5
2 1 . 0
2 5 . 3
1 8 . 0 7 2
9 0
8 2
7 8
5 8 1 1 . 7
1 8 . 5
2 0 . 8
1 9 . 4
1 6 . 9
1 1 3
5 6
1 4
2 4
1 8 . 8
2 0 . 3
2 3 . 5
1 6 . 7 S u m 3 7 0 2 3 3 3 8 0 2 6 6 M e a n 1 8 . 6 2 0 . 2 1 7 . 4 1 8 . 9 M e a n y i e l d s o f m a i z e ( t / h a ) / P r o s e
n i p r i n o s i z r n a k u k u r u z a ( t / h a ) S t a t e f a r m D j a k o v o / P I K a k o v o S t a t e f a r m K u t j e v o / P P K K u t j e v o 8 . 1 3 4 . 1 6 8 . 5 1 6 . 4 1 I n d e x 1 0 0 5 1 1 0 0 7 5 * R e m a r k : s o i l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f b o t h s t a t e f a r m s a r e m a i n l y s i m i l a r
* N a p o m e n a : k a r a k t e r i s t i k e z e m l j i at a n a o b a d v a k o m b i n a t a s u u g l a v n o m s l i
n e
W a t e r d e f i c i t e b e c a m e m a i n l i m i t i n g f a c t o r o f m a i z e y i e l d s i n E a s t e r n C r o a t i a u n d e r d r y f a r m i n g s y s t e m ( w i t h o u t a p p l i c a t i o n o f i r r i g a t i o n ) . I r r i g a t i o n i n t h e c r i t i c a l s t a g e s o f m a i z e g r o w t h u n d e r w a t e r d e f i c i t e s t r e s s i s s o l u t i o n f o r s t a b i l i z a t i o n o f m a i z e y i e l d v a r i a t i o n s a m o n g y e a r s a n d t h e i r l o w e r d e p e n d e n c e s o n p r e c i p i t a t i o n a n d t e m p e r a t u r e r e g i m e s .
R E F E R E N C E S
J a n e k o v i c G j . ( 1 9 7 1 ) : P e d o l o g i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f S l a v o n i a a n d B a r a n y a ( i n C r o a t i a n w i t h E n g l i s h a b s t r a c t ) . Z b o r n i k r a d o v a P r v o g z n a n s t v e n o g s a b o r a S l a v o n i j e i B a r a n j e , 1 7 - 1 9 . s v i b a n j 1 9 7 0 , O s i j e k , p . 1 1 5 - 1 7 6 .
J o s i p o v i M . , K o v a
e v i V . , P e t o s i c D . a n d `o s t a r i J a s n a ( 2 0 0 5 ) : W h e a t a n d m a i z e y i e l d v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e B r o d - P o s a v i n a a r e a . C e r e a l R e s e a r c h C o m m u n i c a t i o n s 3 3 ( 1 ) : 2 2 9 - 2 3 3 .
K o v a c e v i c V . , K a u c i c D . ( 2 0 0 6 ) : W e a t h e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i m p a c t s o n y i e l d s o f t h e s p r i n g c r o p s i n C r o a t i a . I n : P r o c e e d n i n g s , 4 1 C r o a t i a n & 1 s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l S y m p o s i u m o n A g r i c u l t u r e , ( S . J o v a n o v a c a n d V . K o v a c e v i c E d s . ) , 1 3 - 1 7 . F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 6 , O p a t i j a , C r o a t i a , F a c u l t y o f A g r i c u l t u r e , U n i v e r s i t y J . J . S t r o s s m a y e r i n O s i j e k , p . 4 2 1 - 4 2 2 .
K o v a
e v i V . , `i m i D . , `o at a r i J . , J o s i p o v i M . ( 2 0 0 7 ) : P r e c i p i t a t i o n a n d t e m p e r a t u r e r e g i m e i m p a c t s o n m a i z e y i e l d s i n e a s t e r n C r o a t i a . M a y d i c a 5 2 ( i n p r e s s ) .
L a n g I . , F a r a g o T . , I v a n y i Z . ( E d i t o r s ) , ( 2 0 0 6 ) : I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n C l i m a t e C h a n g e I m p a c t a n d R e s p o n s e s i n C e n t r a l a n d E a s t e r n E u r o p e a n C o u n t r i e s 5 - 8 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 5 , P e c s , H u n g a r y . H u n g a r i a n A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s , H u n g a r i a n M i n i s t r y o f E n v i r o n m e n t a n d w a t e r , T h e R e g i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l C e n t r e f o r a n d E a s t e r n E u r o p e .
P e t o s i c D . , K o v a c e v i c V . , J o s i p o v i c M . ( 2 0 0 3 ) : P h o s p h o r u s a v a i l a b i l i t y i n h y d r o m o r p h i c s o i l s o h E a s t e r n C r o a t i a . P l a n t , S o i l a n d E n v i r o n m e n t 4 9 ( 9 ) : 3 9 4 - 4 0 1 .
S h a w R . H . ( 1 9 8 8 ) : C l i m a t i c r e q u i r e m e n t . I n : C o r n a n d c o r n i m p r o v e m e n t , A g r o n o m y M o n o g r a p h N o 1 8 ( S p r a g u e G . F . e d . ) A S A - C S S A - S S S A , M a d i s o n , W i s c o n s i n , U S A , p . 6 0 9 - 6 3 8 .
`k o r i c A . , F i l i p o v s k i P . , C i r i c M . ( 1 9 8 5 ) : K l a s i f i k a c i j a t a l a J u g o s l a v i j e , A N U - B i H , S a r a j e v o .
`o at a r i J . , J o s i p o v i M . ( 2 0 0 6 ) : W e a t h e r a n d s o i l i n f l u e n c e s o n m a i z e y i e l d i n t h e E a s t e r n C r o a t i a . U n i v e r s i t a t e a s e S t i e n t e A g r i c o l e s i M e d i c i n a V e t e r i n a r a I a s i , L u c r a r i S t i i n t i f i c e V o l u m e 4 9 , s e r i a A g r o n o m i e , p . 3 7 5 - 3 8 1 .
U T I C A J P A D A L I N A I T E M P E R A T U R A N A P R I N O S E K U K U R U Z A U I S T O N O J H R V A T S K O J
R e z i m e
K u k u r u z j e s 0 . 4 m i l i o n a h e k t a r a i l i o k o
e t v r t i n u u k u p n i h o r a n i c a n a j r a s p r o s t r a n j e n i j a r a t a r s k a k u l t u r a n a o r a n i c a m a H r v a t s k e . O p e n i t o , p o s t o j i u s k a v e z a n i s k i h p r i n o s a k u k u r u z a s d e f i c i t o m p a d a l i n a i v i ai m t e m p e r a t u r a m a v a z d u h a .
D v e g o d i n e ( 2 0 0 0 . i 2 0 0 3 . ) b i l e s u n a r o
i t o n e p o v o l j n e z a k u k u r u z . T a k o j e u 2 0 0 0 . g u i s t o
n o j H r v a t s k o j o s t v a r e n z a 3 4 % n i ~i n e g o u p r e t h o d n e
e t i r i g o d i n e u g l a v n o m z b o g m a n j k a p a d a l i n a . U 2 0 0 3 . g s u n i s k i p r i n o s i k u k u r u z a b i l i u v e z i s a s u ao m u j u n u i a v g u s t u ( 3 0 % m a n j e k i ae ) i v i s o k i m t e m p e r a t u r a m a v a z d u h a p r o s j e k 2 3 . 3 o C i l i z a 2 . 8 o C v i ae o d 3 0 - g o d . p r o s j e k a . S u aa p o s t a j e s v e v e i f a k t o r o g r a n i
e n j a p r i n o s a k u k u r u z a u i s t o
n o j H r v a t s k o j . T e m a o v o g a r a d a j e u t v r d i t i v e z u i z m e u p t r i n o s a k u k u r u z a i v r e m e n s k i h p r i l i k a . N a v o d n j a v a n j e j e p o t r e b n o d a b i s e s m a n j i l o v a r i r a n j e p t r i n o s a k u k u r u z a p o g o d i n a m a .
K l j u
n e r e
i : k u k u r u z , p r i n o s z r n a , k o l i
i n a o b o r i n a , i s t o
n a H r v a t s k a
v ؽ
ʾ ̾ ־ ؾ \ ^ d
T Z
߿ߙߎ׆׆ h % mHsH hZ"= hZ"= mHsH hZ"= mHsH h=`f h[_ CJ aJ mHsH h=`f hZ"= CJ aJ mHsH h=`f hcm CJ aJ mHsH h[_ H*mHsHh
mHsH h[_ mHsH hUM h[_ 6mHsHhUM h
6mHsH 3 ڽ u u $$If a$gdZ" $If gdZ" t kdF $$If l 4 0 H P 0 4
l a f4
N u l ` ` $$If a$gdZ" $If gdZ" kdF $$If l 4 F H 0 4
l a f4 u h \ \ \ \ $$If a$gdZ"
$If ^gdZ" kduG $$If l 4 F H 0 4
l a f4 ľ ʾ о Q H < < < < $$If a$gdZ" $If gdZ" kd'H $$If l 4 r H D T T T T 0 4
l a f4 о ־ ܾ ( . 6 < B L V ` j t z $If gdZ" FfI $$If a$gdZ" ƿ ̿ ҿ ؿ & , 2 4 > H R \ ^ f n $If gdZ" FfeL $$If a$gdZ" n p x z V FfQ $If gdZ" Ff)O $$If a$gdZ" V X Z s s $$If a$gdZ" $If gdZ" v kdS $$If l 4 0 H P 0 4
l a f4 u l ` ` ` ` $$If a$gdZ" $If gdZ" kdT $$If l 4 F H 0 4
l a f4
$ , 2 O F : : : : $$If a$gdZ" $If gdZ" kd5U $$If l 4 r H D T T T T 0 4
l a f4 2 4 X Z $ & < O G G G G G ? $a$gd X $a$gd&5H kdU $$If l 4 r H D T T T T 0 4
l a f4
4 X Z " $ & < > * , . 2 8 : J L V > n p ɾ{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{oh`h hS h ^ H* hS h ^ hS h\> 5CJ aJ hS h\> 5CJ aJ mH sH hS h CJ aJ "hjU CJ PJ aJ mH nH sH tH hjU h X mH sH hjU hu4 mH sH hu4 h X mH sH hu4 mH sH hu4 hu4 mH sH hu4 h,Q hX@ hv9$ 6 hayz 6hQ d hv9$ hVa mHsH"< > > ( * J L
n p r $a$gd z $a$gd z $a$gdN $a$gd} $a$gd gd $a$gd $a$gd $ a$gd ( * d v ~ ` b J L N
ɱɦ{peSL h} h #h< hu 5PJ mH nHsH tHh< h) d mH sH h< h mH sH .h< h 5CJ OJ QJ \^J aJ mH sH h h CJ aJ h * CJ aJ h hS CJ aJ h mH sH h mH sH h< mH sH h< h< mH sH h X hS h X mH sH hS h(K mH sH hS h ^ h< h ^ mH sH n p r T p \ ^ b ʾt`K:`K h
C 6CJ PJ mH nH tHu )h" h
C 6CJ H*PJ mH nH tHu&h" h
C 6CJ PJ mH nH tHu h
C h
C 6CJ mHsHh
C 6CJ mHsHh
C 6mHsHh z h z 6mHsHh z 6mH sH h z mH sH h z h z mHsH h z h z 5mHsHh} hl I 5mHsHh} h 5mHsHh, h} mHsH h} mHsH h} h} mHsHr ^ 2 4 $a$gdN $a$gdl I $a$gd z $a$gd z 2 4 ǿ hv j hv UhV hl I 5hb hl I 6mH sH hl I mH sH h
C 6CJ PJ mH nH tHu &h" h
C 6CJ PJ mH nH tHu6 &P 1h:p . A!"# $% SS D y K v k o v a c e v i c @ p f o s . h r y K 4 m a i l t o : v k o v a c e v i c @ p f o s . h r z $$If !v h5 #v :V l
t 0 6 5 $$If !v h5 5 5 #v #v #v :V l
t 0 6 5 5 5 *$$If !v h5 55w555U5 5U5 _#v #v#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 5 55w555U5 5U5 _kd $$If l _ V
d7 w U U _
t 0 6 $ $ $ $ 4 4
l a $$If !v h5 #v :V l
t 0 6 5 / 8$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _/ kd $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $ $ $ $ 4 4
l a 8$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _/ kd $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $$ $ $ 4 4
l a *$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _kd $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $ $ $ $ 4 4
l a *$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _kdA $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $ $ $ $ 4 4
l a $$If !v h5 #v :V l
t 0 6 5 / D$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 , , 5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _/ kd $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $ $ $ $ 4 4
l a >$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 , 5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _/ kd9 $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $$ $ $ 4 4
l a 6$$If !v h5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _#v <#vD#vw#v#v#vU#v #vU#v _:V l
t 0 6 ,,5 <5D5w555U5 5U5 _kdw $$If l V
d7 < D w U U _
t 0 6 $ $ $ $ 4 4
l a $$If l !v h5 50 5 #v #v0 #v :V l 40 + , 5 50 5 4 al f4 $$If l !v h5 50 5z55#v #v0 #vz#v#v:V l 40 + , 5 50 5z55/ 4 al f4t$$If l !v h5 5X5X55X55=5=5 X5
X5
X5 #v #vX#v#vX#v#v=#v X#v :V l 40 + , 5 5X55X55=5 X5 / / / 4 al f4bkdc $$If l 4 (
r =z* X X X = = X X X 0 0 0 0 0 4
l al f4M$$If l !v h5 5X5X55X55=5=5 X5
X5
X5 #v #vX#v#vX#v#v=#v X#v :V l 0 , 5 5X55X55=5 X5 / 4 al \kd=" $$If l (
r =z* X X X = = X X X 0 0 0 0 0 4
l al M$$If l !v h5 5X5X55X55=5=5 X5
X5
X5 #v #vX#v#vX#v#v=#v X#v :V l 0 , 5 5X55X55=5 X5 / 4 al \kd% $$If l (
r =z* X X X = = X X X 0 00 0 0 4
l al $$If l !v h5 50 5=5=5X5X5X5#v #v0 #v=#vX#v:V l 0 , 5 50 5=5X5/ 4 al M$$If l !v h5 5X5X55X55=5=5 X5
X5
X5 #v #vX#v#vX#v#v=#v X#v :V l 0 , 5 5X55X55=5 X5 / 4 al \kd* $$If l (
r =z* X X X = = X X X 0 00 0 0 4
l al ?$$If l !v h5 5X5X55X55=5=5 X5
X5
X5 #v #vX#v#vX#v#v=#v X#v :V l 0 , 5 5X55X55=5 X5 4 al \kdI. $$If l (
r =z* X X X = = X X X 0 0 0 0 0 4
l al $$If l !v h5 50 5=5=5X5X5X5#v #v0 #v=#vX#v:V l 0 , 5 50 5=5X54 al $$If l !v h5 50 5 #v #v0 #v :V l 0 , 5 50 5 4 al $$If l !v h5 50 5"5X5X5X5X5#v #v0 #v"#vX#v:V l 0 , 5 50 5"5X54 al w $$If !v h5 #v :V l
t 0 5 $$If !v h5 5 5` 5R#v #v #v` #vR:V l
t 0 5 5 5` 5R/ / $$If !v h5 55(555R#v #v#v(#v#vR:V l
t 0 5 55(55R/ / $$If !v h5 5#v #v:V l
t 0 5 5/ $$If !v h5 55555#v #v#v#v#v:V l
t 0 5 5555/ $$If !v h5 5#v #v:V l
t 0 5 5 $$If !v h5 5t5t5t5t5u5t5t5 t5
t5
u#v #vt#vu#v
t#v
u:V l
t 0 5 5t5u5
t5
uEkd8 $$If l $ iQ: t t t t u t t t t u
t 0 , , , , 4 4
l a $$If !v h5 5t5t5t5t5u5t5t5 t5
t5
u#v #vt#vu#v
t#v
u:V l
t 0 5 5t5u5
t5
uEkd)< $$If l $ iQ: t t t t u t t t t u
t 0 , , , , 4 4
l a $$If !v h5 5t5t5t5t5u5t5t5 t5
t5
u#v #vt#vu#v
t#v
u:V l
t 0 5 5t5u5
t5
uEkdq? $$If l $ iQ: t t t t u t t t t u
t 0 , , , , 4 4
l a $$If !v h5 5t5t5t5t5u5t5t5 t5
t5
u#v #vt#vu#v
t#v
u:V l
t 0 5 5t5u5
t5
uEkdB $$If l $ iQ: t t t t u t t t t u
t 0 , , , , 4 4
l a $$If !v h5 5P#v #vP:V l 40 5 5P/ / 4 f4 $$If !v h5 5 5 #v #v :V l 4 0 5 5 / / 4 f4 $$If !v h5 5 5 #v #v :V l 4 0 5 5 / 4 f4 $$If !v h5 5T5T5T5T#v #vT:V l 40 5 5T4 f4 $$If !v h5 5*5*5*5*5*5*5*5 *#v #v *:V l 0 5 5 *4 kdH $$If l Hr Dn * * * * * * * * 0 $ $ $ $ 4
l a $$If !v h5 5*5*5*5*5*5*5*5 *#v #v *:V l 0 5 5 */ 4 kdK $$If l Hr Dn * * * * * * * * 0 $ $ $ $ 4
l a $$If !v h5 5*5*5*5*5*5*5*5 *#v #v *:V l 0 5 5 */ 4 kdQN $$If l Hr Dn * * * * * * * * 0 $ $ $ $ 4
l a $$If !v h5 5*5*5*5*5*5*5*5 *#v #v *:V l 0 5 5 */ 4 kdQ $$If l Hr Dn * * * * * * * * 0 $ $ $ $ 4
l a $$If !v h5 5P#v #vP:V l 40 5 5P/ 4 f4 $$If !v h5 5 5 #v #v :V l 40 5 5 / 4 f4 $$If !v h5 5T5T5T5T#v #vT:V l 40 5 5T4 f4 $$If !v h5 5T5T5T5T#v #vT:V l 40 5 5T/ 4 f4 8 @ 8 * N o r m a l _HmH sH tH Z @ Z 2 H e a d i n g 1 $ < @& 5CJ KH OJ QJ \^J aJ \ @ \ 2 H e a d i n g 2 $ < @& 56CJ OJ QJ \]^J aJ V @ V 2 H e a d i n g 3 $ < @& 5CJ OJ QJ \^J aJ J @ J Q d H e a d i n g 4 $ < @& 5CJ \aJ J @ J * H e a d i n g 5 $$@&a$ CJ aJ mH sH P @ P \> H e a d i n g 6
< @& 5CJ \aJ mH sH B @ B Q d H e a d i n g 7
< @& CJ aJ N @ N 2 H e a d i n g 9
< @& CJ OJ QJ ^J aJ D A@ D D e f a u l t P a r a g r a p h F o n t R i@ R T a b l e N o r m a l 4
l 4 a ( k@ ( N o L i s t 4 @ 4 * H e a d e r
_$ 4 @ 4 * F o o t e r
_$ > B@ > >Q B o d y T e x t CJ \mHsH R Q@ "R 2 B o d y T e x t 3 x CJ PJ aJ mH nHsH tH e@ 2 2 H T M L P r e f o r m a t t e d 7
2 (
Px 4 #\'*.25@9 OJ QJ ^J mHsHtH< >@ B< 2 T i t l e $a$ 5CJ mHsH D J@ RD 2 S u b t i t l e $a$ 5\aJ mH sH 6 U@ a6 v H y p e r l i n k >*B*ph j sj
T a b l e G r i d 7 :V 0 uB 9 M N \ ] ^ g h = >
Q [ K _ E ) ? @ J M R \ _ d n q v w
$ + 2 7 < A F K P U Z _ d k r y
$ + 2 7 < A F K P U Z _ d k r y { ! ! ! ! ! ! "! )! 0! 7! >! E! J! O! T! Y! ^! c! h! m! r! w! ~! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " " " " " " " "" )" 0" 7" >" E" J" O" T" Y" ^" c" h" m" r" w" ~" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # # #
# # # # $# )# 0# 5# 6# # p$ q$ r$ $ O% P% U% Z% o% % % % % % % % & & &
& & & & & & & #& && )& ,& -& 2& 7& <& A& F& K& P& U& Z& _& d& i& n& s& x& }& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ' '
' ' ' ' ' ' ' "' '' ,' 1' 6' ;' <' A' F' K' P' U' Z' _' d' i' n' s' x' }' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
(
( ( ( ( ( "( #( (( -( 2( 7( <( A( E( J( N( S( W( \( ]( b( g( l( q( v( {( ~( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) h) ) ) * * * C+ + + + + + + , #, +, 2, 3, 4, 9, >, C, H, R, S, T, , , , , , , , - - - - - !- (- )- /- 5- x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . #. '. ,. 0. 5. 6. C. F. K. N. S. W. \. `. e. i. n. o. p. "1 #1 1 J2 K2 L2 2 2 2 2 2 3
3 3 ,3 I3 J3 K3 P3 U3 Z3 _3 `3 a3 d3 g3 j3 m3 p3 s3 v3 y3 z3 ~3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 $4 )4 .4 34 44 84 <4 =4 A4 B4 F4 G4 K4 L4 M4 R4 S4 X4 Y4 ^4 _4 d4 e4 j4 k4 l4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 e5 5 5 7 7 #7 $7 7 8 9 9 : : ; ; < < *= += = = q> s> t> > > > > > ? B B fB gB iB jB lB mB oB pB rB sB vB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 @ 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 @ 0 I 0 0 @ 0 I 0 0 @ 0 I 0 0 @ 0 I 0 0 I 0 0 ` h = >
Q [ K _ q v w ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " " " " " " " "" )" 0" 7" >" E" J" O" T" Y" ^" c" h" m" r" w" ~" " " " " " " " " " " " " # # # # # $# )# 0# 5# 6# O% P% Z% % % % % % % % & & & & & #& && )& ,& -& ,' 1' 6' ;' <' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' "( (( -( 2( N( S( W( \( ]( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) h) ) * n. o. p. "1 #7 8 9 9 : : ; < *= += = = q> > > ? vB K 00 I 00 I 00 K 00 K 00 \K 0 0 K 00 K 00 I 00 K 00 K 00 K 00 K 00 K 00 DK 00 K 0 0 K 00 I 00 I 00 I 00 V K 00 X I 00 X I 00 X (
K 00 V K 0$0 C 00 O |
K 0 0 K 0(0 ) C 00 Q @ C 00 P C 00 N @ 0 C 00 M C 00 ` \ C 00 _ C 00 ^ C 00 M @ 0 K 00 s K 00 r K 00 p K 00 ^ K 00 _ K 00 s t K 00 r K 00 p K 00 ^ K 00 _ K 0 0 s
K 0 0 r K 0 0 p K 00 ^ K 00 _ K 00 _ K 00 ^ K 00 \ K 00 N K 00 O K 00 _ t K 00 ^ K 00 \ K 00 N K 00 O K 0 0 _
K 0 0 ^ K 0 0 \ K 00 N K 00 O K 00 O < K 00 N K 00 K K 00 K K 0 0 K 0B0 C K 0(0 Z ) K 0B0 K 0*0 K 0 0 M K 0 0 M K 0 0 M K 00 0 j K 0F0 S G `K 0F0 R K 0F0 Q K 0,0 0 j K 0 0 + K 0 0 + K 0 0 * K 0 0 ) K 0 0 ' K 020 K 00 + K 00 * K 00 ( K 00 * K 00 ( K 040 K 00 & K 040 K 00 * K 00 ) K 00 ( K 00 & K 060 K 0!0 , " K 0!0 + K 0!0 ) K 00 K 0!0 ' K 0!0 ' K 0j0 A K 0j0 @ K 0!0 ' K 00 K 00 K 00 K 0 0 K 0 0 K 0p0 * q K 0p0 ) K 00 K 00 K 0"0 K 0t0 p u <4K 0t0 n K 0v0 q w t4K 0v0 p K 0t0 o K 0t0 n K 0t0 l K 0#0 K 0#0 K 0#0 K 00 I 00 I 00 I 00 X K 0u0 @ 0 K 00 K 00 0 0 0 K 00 `K 00 K 00 0 K 00 0 K 00 I 00 I 00 0 G
% / 2 "5 8 : #< > ? zC H v
& ) * , - . 5 9 = > B I M Q X o { } ~ %0 f0 0 1 1 K2 2 "4 4 6 6 7 ;
< #< < < ^= = V> X> ? ? ? @ 2@ @ F F F G 1H H H ?I о n V 2 < r ' + / 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 : ; < ? @ A C D E F G H J K L N O P R S T U V W Y Z p q r s t u v w x y z | (
uB X 8 @ 0 (
B
S ? < , , l l l l ,
, l
l \ \ \ \ \ \ ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + \ , - . / 0 \ 1 \ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \ : = k w )
n
n
_
< < [
$ $ H% H% % % 5 9 9 ]9 9 9 9 9 y: y: : : J; J; P; Y; c; ; = vB
! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; L z 8
t
t
n
B B j $ $ N% N% % % 5
9
9 i9 9 9 9 9 : : : : N; W; W; b; j; ; = vB
! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; urn:schemas:contactsSn h 3 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity0http://www.5iamas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags= . *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType = / *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName _ : *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/V < *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/> 4 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags
PersonName l < < : < < < : < 4 3 < < < / . < : : < : < 3 3 < 3 < < / < . : < < < < 3 < < 3 3 < < : < < 3 : < 3 : < 3 < : / . < < $ & < = D E @ D E H R V W Z d h i l w ! # <$ =$ o$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % % % % % $% /% 0% 1% =% >% D% E% G% Z% f% g% m% o% ~% % % % % % % % % % % % % & &
&
& & & & & & & & & #& %& )& +& ' ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( %) 4) C) J) L) O) l) o) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) * * * * * * * !* e* f* B+ i+ r+ + + + + + + + + + + + + , , , , , ", +, 1, , , , , /- 4- i- r- x- - - - - - - - - - / / / / T/ [/ f/ l/ / / #0 )0 R0 \0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 $1 *1 ,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 I2 L2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
3 I3 K3 O3 P3 T3 U3 Y3 Z3 ^3 a3 y3 z3 3 3 4 4 4 4 34 44 74 84 <4 =4 A4 B4 F4 G4 K4 M4 R4 S4 X4 Y4 ^4 _4 d4 e4 j4 l4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
5 5 g5 o5 q5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 }6 6 $7 7 8 8 "8 *8 +8 08 a8 n8 8 8 9 9 `9 i9 9 9 9 9 9 9 :
: : : : : : : J; N; ; ; ; s< v< < < *= += D= E= = = = = = = o> t> > > > > > > > > > > ?
? /? 0? =? >? F? H? d? e? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? p@ q@ r@ s@ @ @ @ @ @ B &B 'B +B -B 4B 6B t> > > ? ? B gB gB iB iB jB jB lB mB oB pB rB sB vB 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 N ^ h w 6# r$ {$ P% Z% % '
( ) '+ C+ + + #, T, , 5- x- o. #1 ,1 2 z3 3 l4 4 5 7 #7 $7 27 u8 8 > > gB gB iB iB jB jB lB mB oB pB rB sB vB gB gB iB iB jB jB lB mB oB pB rB sB vB `~ g 7s c V :s F9 Lu ="
gq v+
:
3d
.} rS
E g p < } ~ % = v N! v9$ % V% u% E& 2( * * 6+ cW+ a- 53 .73 u4 CY4 u 5 "8 "Z9 Z"= >= [_= R? zWB NdB ^ZC |G &5H l I }J K hL *M cM gRP >Q ,Q >Q _R /`R 2 S DT {nT YV mX X eY <[ L[ o[ ^ +^ } _ |_ <_ M
a Va Sha /c Q d ) d (d =`f 9h i Dm Kp *fq APr +t z ayz R@| -} A~ > Y N" v Q .g 8 } jU *o d 0 A 30 : ~; U T
C P V > Z @l Xu oM u N aw (< N K bN E ) ? @ J M R \ _ d n q v w 2 K d 2 K d ! ! "! E! ^! w! ! ! ! ! " " "" E" ^" w" " " " " # # #
# # # # $# )# 0# 5# 6# o$ p$ $ P% Z% % % % % % % % & & &
& & & & & & & #& && )& ,& -& F& _& x& & & & & & & ' "' ;' <' K' Z' i' x' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
(
( ( ( ( ( "( #( (( -( 2( 7( <( A( E( J( N( S( W( \( ]( b( g( l( q( v( {( ~( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) h) ) * C+ + + + + #, 2, 3, 4, 9, >, C, H, R, S, T, , , , , - - - (- )- 5- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . #. '. ,. 0. 5. 6. C. F. K. N. S. W. \. `. e. i. n. o. #1 1 K2 L2 2 2 2 2 3
3 3 ,3 I3 J3 K3 P3 U3 Z3 _3 `3 a3 d3 g3 j3 m3 p3 s3 v3 y3 z3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 34 44 84 <4 =4 A4 B4 F4 G4 K4 L4 M4 R4 S4 X4 Y4 ^4 _4 d4 e4 j4 k4 l4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 t> B vB U 3 @ 8 $ )
) ) ) ! # % ' ( + , . / uB ` ` @ ` ` ( @ ` ` 0 @ ` ` < @ ` " ` H @ ` ( ` T @ ` . ` ` @ ` 4 ` l @ ` 8 ` x @ ` > ` @ ` F ` @ ` J ` U n k n o w n G z T i m e s N e w R o m a n 5 S y m b o l 3& z A r i a l W S i m S u n A r i a l U n i c o d e M S ?5 z C o u r i e r N e w " 1 h y&y&y& ~8 ! x ~8 ! x x 4 d FB FB 2q HX ? * 2 T a b l e 2 V l a d o K P F Oh +'0 |
, 8 D
P \ d l t Table 2 Vlado K Normal PF 2 Microsoft Office Word @ @ . @ . @ . ~8 ՜. +,D ՜. +,4 h p |
x ! FB Table 2 Title 8 @ _PID_HLINKS A l + m a i l t o : v k o v a c e v i c @ p f o s . h r
! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~
R o o t E n t r y F |{! D a t a
V 1 T a b l e W o r d D o c u m e n t 8 S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( D o c u m e n t S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n 8 C o m p O b j q
F Microsoft Office Word Document
MSWordDoc Word.Document.8 9q