ࡱ> RTSq`BbjbjqPqP 8L::; lN n n n n n I c o $EhiJI I JJn n IJn n Jn b `Vԝ _04w ]  w w w  w w w JJJJ Coptocamplylodon lineolatus ELLIOTT, 1963: a coprolite Sanja }ivkovi1 and Danijela Bogner2 1Energy Institute Hrvoje Po~ar, Savska cesta 163, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: szivkovic@eihp.hr 2Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, `etaliate I. Meatrovia 63, HR-21000 Split, Croatia, e-mail: bogner@izor.hr Key words: Eocene, Istria, coprolite During a study of foraminiferal associations from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian-Bartonian) clastic sediments from the foreland Trieste-Pazin basin in Istria, Croatia (e.g. }IVKOVI & GLUMAC, 2007) numerous specimens of Coptocampylodon lineolatus ELLIOT, 1963 have been found. Prior to that find this problematical fossil had been commonly found in Lower Cretaceous shallow water, mostly carbonate sediments, of the Middle East and Borneo (ELLIOTT, 1963), as well as in Lebanon (BASSON & EDGELL, 1971). Thus this is the first time that it has been found in deep-sea deposits of Paleogene age. ELLIOTT (1963) suggested that Coptocampylodon represented skeletal remains of a small octocoral with alternating horny and calcareous joints, although most pre-Upper Cretaceous records of fossils referred to octocorals had seemed rather doubtful (BAYER, 1956; VOIGT, 1958; HNTZSCHEL, 1958). RADOI I (1963) interpreted some specimens of Coptocampylodon lineolatus from a thin Lower Cretaceous horizon near Titograd (present-day Podgorica, Montenegro) and Nikai (south Serbia), as skeletal elements of Triploporella or similar dasyclad algae, corals, brachiopods or molluscs, but few years later (1969) she ascribed some of these specimens to the species C. lineolatus. GRANIER & DELOFFRE (1993) however, concluded that type species C. lineolatus does not belong to Jurassic and Cretaceous dasycladales and CUVILLIER et al. (1969) interpreted C. lineolatus as a non-vertebrate coprolite (fossil excrement). The C. lineolatus specimens are 1.0-4.0 mm long and 0.4-0.7 mm in diameter. Specimens are sometimes flattened with poorly marked features or curved with pronounced longitudinal ribs that radiate from irregularly rounded ends (}IVKOVI & BOGNER, 2006). Chemical composition of outer surface and material on a fresh breakup representing the inner material of C. lineolatus fragments are alike, containing calcium, magnesium, silicon, oxygen, potassium, iron, carbon, and aluminium. Sediment from the host marl has the same composition. The composition of C. lineolatus fragments and marl sample corresponds to mineral aggregates of calcium carbonate and clay minerals. Scanning electron micrographs of C. lineolatus show their homogeneous texture and show numerous cocoliths as constituents of C. lineolatus and of host marl. Rounded ends of C. lineolatus reveal imbrications or lineation of foliate mineral aggregates, probably clay minerals. The orgC/N ratio in C. lineolatus from test sample (1.95) is similar to the one determined for host marl (1.90), but organic carbon and nitrogen content is considerably lower (orgC=0.92%, N=0.44% for the host marl; orgC=0.32%, N=0.16% for C. lineolatus) which is a common characteristic of coprolites, just as curved elongated shape, observed surface features and homogenous texture (e.g. THULBORN, 1991). Lineation of mineral aggregates at the centers of rounded poles of C. lineolatus may have been a result of redistribution of foliate mineral aggregates as they passed through intestinal tract of a sediment dweller, or it could also have been a result of compaction of C. lineolatus with the surrounding sediment. Al these data imply that C. lineolatus is in fact a coprolite. Longitudinal ribs or furrows are known from coprolites in both vertebrates (e.g,. BROUGHTON et al., 1978) and invertebrates (SCOTT, 1977), and considering the size and the deep-sea environment the coprolites were found in, they were most likely produced by an invertebrate organism. The findings of coprolites described as C. lineolatus in both deep- and shallow-water environments might suggest that the organism that produced the excrements had been adapted to live in a variety of environments. On the other hand, it has been well documented that unrelated animals may produce practically identical droppings (e.g., THULBORN, 1991). References: Basson, P. W., & Edgell, H. S. (1971): Calcareous algae from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Lebanon.- Micropaleontology, 17/4: 411-433. Bayer, F. M., 1956. Octocorallia.- In: Moore, R. C., Ed. Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology: Part F. Lawrence, The Geological Society of America: 166-231. BROUGHTON, P. L., SIMPSON, F. & WHITAKER, S. H. (1978): Late Cretaceous coprolites from western Canada.- Palaeontology, 21: 443-453. CUVILLIER, J., BASSOULLET, J.-P., & FOURCADE, E. (1969): Coprolithes du Jurassique et du Cretace dEspagne et de quelques autres regions.- Revue de Micropalontologie, 11/4: 183-190. ELLIOTT, G. F. (1963): Problematical microfossils from the Cretaceous and Palaeocene of the Middle East.- Palaeontology, 6/2:293-300. GRANIER, B. & DELOFFRE, R. (1993): Inventaire critique des algues dasycladales fossiles. II0 Partie-les algues dasycladales du Jurassique et du Cretace.- Revue de Palobiologie, 12/1: 19-65. HNTZSCHEL, W., 1958. Oktokoralle oder Lebenspur?- Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogisch-geologischen (Staatsinstitut) Institut der Universitt Hamburg, 27: 77-87. 68FRln L P R t |  ޸tjj\RI<hFOhFOCJmH sH hFOhFOCJhFOhFOCJH*h"2hFO5CJmHsHh"2CJmHsHh"2hFOCJmHsHh"2h"2CJmHsHh"2hFOCJH*mHsHh"2h"25H*mH sH h"2hFO5H*mH sH hFO5mH sH h4*5CJaJmH sH h"2hJ5CJaJmH sH h"2hFO5CJaJmH sH "hJKhFO56CJaJmH sH n p h6Y U!!;"< d`gd!*$d`a$gdYy$d`a$gdYy$d`a$gdYy$d`a$gdYy$a$gdD $da$gdDB > B D F p B l  " $ 0 < > j  ǿǬ}}rjh1OmH sH h VkhJmH sH h Vkh6mH sH hj mH sH hJmH sH hEE9mH sH h VkhmH sH h"2mH sH h^hYymH sH hYymH sH h^h^mH sH hYyh^mH sH h^mH sH hYyh^5mH sH  h"2CJhFOhFOCJ% 8  !-09@ABHIJPQ깱깱깱꩞ıĊ̖wwwhxv mH sH h? /hxv mH sH h? /h1O6mH sH h4*mH sH h VkhmH sH h"2mH sH hj mH sH h? /hj mH sH h1OmH sH h? /h1OmH sH hJmH sH h Vkh1OmH sH h? /h"2mH sH h Vkh"2mH sH . 8\z|$(24<Xd "8<\]ly{ĭꭢꚹꭑĉāĚĚđyhj mH sH hJmH sH hJKmH sH h1O6mH sH h4*mH sH h4*h4*mH sH h? /h1O6mH sH h? /h4*mH sH h1OmH sH h? /hj mH sH h1Oh1OmH sH hxv mH sH h? /h1OmH sH h? /hxv mH sH /(*+5ahly<^꿧yuqjfjhRc h? /hEE9hJh^h? /hRcmH sH  h? /hRchRcmH sH hJmH sH h? /hEE96mH sH h? /hEE9mH sH hSh1OaJmH sH h1OmH sH h? /h1O6mH sH h? /h1OaJmH sH h1OaJmH sH h? /h1OmH sH h? /hj mH sH (^p.46'F^|} $12UYcmoٺββΪΪ΢ƲκΓًκ΋h^mH sH hRch? /hRcmH sH h? /hEE96hJKmH sH hRcmH sH h? /hEE96mH sH hVmH sH h? /hEE9mH sH hEE9mH sH hsFhj mH sH hH^mH sH hEE9 h? /hEE96 *7=ABHO~%IKLR]dm}~ op޾„„hEE9h? /h+6 h? /h+h+hj mH sH h? /hj mH sH hEE9mH sH h;hmH sH hVhf(ht UmH sH h? /ht U6mH sH ht Uh;hh? /hEE96mH sH h? /hEE9mH sH  h? /hEE94 %v>?Ogt'()hsʷҷ饝h&h0 ;aJmH sH h^h0 5h} hEE9hD h? /hsF h? /hDh? /hEE96hsFh+hj h? /hj h? /hr$^6mH sH hr$^hEE9h? /hEE96mH sH  h? /hEE9356;BIJXYoYfhz}   z ƼxmxmxmaYmh&h0 ;h&h0 ;mHsHh&h0 mHsHh&h0 :aJmHsH h&h0 h&h0 :aJ h!*h!*h!*mHsHh!*h!*mHsHh!* h? /h!*h? /h!*:aJh? /h!*;aJh0 mH sH h&h0 ;aJmH sH h&h0 mH sH h&h0 :aJmH sH " S!T!U!c!k!!!!!!!!!!"::::$:(:*:^:::;.;0;2;:;>;;; <"<:<zsih&h0 :aJ h&h0 h&h&:aJmHsHh&h0 6mHsHUh!*h!*aJmHsHh!*mHsHh? /h!*mHsHh!*h!*mHsHh!*h!*:aJmHsHh&h&mHsHh&h0 H*mHsHh&h0 mHsHh&h0 :aJmHsH)RADOI I, R. (1963): Triploporella neocomiensis spec. nov. iz slojeva valendis-otriva Crne gore.- Vesnik (Geologija), XXI, ser. A:139-144. RADOI I, R. (1969): Koptokampilodoni u nekim jurskim i krednim sedimentima Jugoslavije.- Vesnik (Geologija), XXVII, ser. A: 191-200. SCOTT, A. C. (1977): Coprolites containing plant material from the Carboniferous of Britain:- Palaeontology, 20: 59-68. THULBOURN, R. A. (1991): Morphology, preservation and palaeobiological significance of dinosaur coprolites.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 83: 341-366. Voigt, E. (1958): Untersuchungen an Oktokorallen aus der oberen Kreide.- Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogisch-geologischen (Staatsinstitut) Institut der Universitt Hamburg, 27: 5-49. }IVKOVI, S. & BOGNER, D. (2006): Coprolite status of Coptocampylodon lineolatus Elliott 1963 (incertae sedis) from Middle Eocene deep-sea sediments of Istria (Croatia).- Micropaleontology, 52/4, 371-379. }IVKOVI, S. & GLUMAC, B. (2007): Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Middle Eocene Trieste-Pazin basin (Croatia) from benthic foraminiferal assemblages.- Micropaleontology, in press. :<<<><F<J<<<=2=4=6=>=B===R>j>l>~>>>>>>>`?|??????@@D@z@(Aººº­­º¢~d~2h!*h!*6B*\]aJmHnHph# sHtH,h!*h!*B*\aJmHnHph# sHtHh!*h!*aJmH sH h!*h!*mH sH h? /h!*aJmHsHh!*mHsHh? /h!*mHsHh!*h!*;aJmHsHh0 h&h0 aJh&h0 :aJ h&h& h&h0 $"<=l>?rABd7$8$H$`gd!* d`gd!*$d`a$gdYy(A.APATA^AnApArAtAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBB"B$B2B4BŮř|u||u|h_R_R_R_R_R_R_Rhr$^h&aJmHsHh&h&aJhr$^h0 aJmHsH h&h0 hr$^h0 mHsH h&h&hr$^h&mHsH)h!*h!*B*aJmHnHphsHtH,h!*h!*B*]aJmHnHph# sHtH&h!*B*]aJmHnHph# sHtHhr$^h!*aJmHsH h!*aJ&h!*B*\aJmHnHph# sHtH 4B>B@BJBNB\B`BhBjBxBzBBBBBBBBBh&h&6aJ h&aJhr$^h&aJmHsHh&h&aJ6&P 1h:pFO. A!"#$% J@J Normald`CJ_HmH sH tH DAD Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No ListVR@V EE9Body Text Indent 2, uvlaka 2;L7\8]7pq}(e$PN~=0000000000000000000000007\87pq}(e$PN~=I00I00I00I00K00K00K00I00I00K00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0I00I00 K00@0  ^ :<(A4BB"$%"<B#B8@0(  B S  ? 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