ࡱ> @*bjbjFF 4,,DEp,V2hrrrrrXD$11111113R61u,rr,,1rr2''',Frr1',1''Vq/@50r /Ar$2/ 1&20V2/x6&650650d('r<~11D' Catalog of the links with animations, 2D, 3D and endoscopic images of the individual systems and organs in the virtual anatomy atlas of the human body Category: 6. Web, web-based applications, internet information space or 7. Users' experiences with distance education Authors Janko }ufi, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia Higher Teacher s School in Pula, University of Rijeka, Croatia Aleksandra }ufi Elementary school  Veli vrh , Pula, Croatia Elementary school  Krnica , Pula, Croatia Expanded abstract Introduction As the saying goes A picture is worth thousand words, and if the picture is animated, in motion, or followed by sound effects, than it is worth even more. A goal of this study is to help the users (primarily the students of biology, medicine and anatomy) to get an insight into the organs and systems of the human body, as well as the principals of their functioning by using two- and three-dimensional images, animations, elements of virtual reality, and images of probes inserted into individual human organs and systems. Individual images are showing differences between the normal (healthy) condition and the abnormal (unhealthy) condition. Usage of virtual anatomy atlas, in comparison to a classic paper-made atlas has numerous advantages. Organs and systems can be viewed from different perspectives, they can also be magnified and minimized. Typically, the systems are shown in one layer that can be highlighted (by different colors, or by disproportional magnification), while the other layers can be hidden or made transparent. Since there are already many similar topics on the web, this study has collected large number of links to those web sites, the content is systemized in order to enable the users to gain the access to the various topics, methodologies, user tools and users, all in one place. Why not use only one web site containing a complete virtual atlas? Institutions or individuals that are producing such topics, are putting on their web sites what they consider might be important or simply emphasize parts of their primary interest (for example, some will elaborate on the anatomy of the brain to its smallest details, while the rest of the human body will be presented parenthetically). Usually, they are using only one or two imaging tools. Web site designed for this study will offer large number of sources that are using various tools. Images are limited to 2D- and 3D-animations of organs, systems and whole human body and to the video or similar recordings produced during diagnostic or surgical treatments of patients. Structure of the web site Structure of the web site strives to be logical and intuitive. At the home-page, virtual atlas is divided on 11 parts menus - for display of the following systems and organs: The complete body, systems and individual organs containing links to the web sites from numerous sources which are showing 2D- or 3D-animation of a whole body, organs and systems; Motoric system DivX movie showing functioning of the arm; Bones and joints images of foot, hand, arm and spine. It is particularly interesting to view animation of various treatments used to repair spine from various illnesses or damages/traumas; Central nervous system primarily showing the brain, brain atlas, parts of the brain and (virtual) endoscopy of the brain; Respiratory system review of the respiratory system, animation of lungs, larynx and trachea; Heart and cardiovascular system animation of the heart, interior images of the heart, various images of the aorta. Events during fibrillations of the heart; Senses of hearing and sight. Animated images of the eye reaction to the light; Immune system this group includes understanding how immune system works, cells and organs of the immune system, animated images of antibodies; DNA includes images of the interactive animated anatomy of DNA, transcription of DNA into RNA, RNA translation and animation of DNA replication; Endoscopic images - interesting images of healthy and diseased organs or systems made during endoscopic examinations. There are (virtual) images of the brain, lungs, trachea, larynx, ear, heart and other organs. Images are shown in MPEG or GIF formats; Games and quiz visitors can interactively, in different ways, re-examine their knowledge of anatomy of internal organs, bone structure, muscles, changes of a human body in puberty, nervous system or other individual systems of the human body. Overview of existing web sites and comparison with the web sites created in this study There is a large number of similar web sites with listed links to the anatomy of human body. Some of the existing web sites are showing only individual organs or systems (for example brain or heart), and this analysis does not include them. This analysis also does not include commercial web sites that are not accessible to common users, and those that require an authorization. We will mention only several major web sites that have links to the complete human body atlas. Web site  HYPERLINK "http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/humanbo.html" http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/humanbo.html - the page with approximately eighty links with description of the anatomy of human body and functioning of individual systems and organs, mainly presented by text or picture, while the number of animated web sites is minimal. Web site  HYPERLINK "http://www.cln.org/teach_index.html" http://www.cln.org/teach_index.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.cln.org/index.html" provides links to some 5000 pages of educational material, assisting elementary and high school teachers (K12). Out of such a large number of links, there is a relatively small number of medicine-related links, and those that are available have not been structured or specifically marked as animated. Furthermore, chosen links have been adjusted for K12 level (details are omitted, as well as other relevant things). Web site  HYPERLINK "http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/bookmarks/index.html" http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/bookmarks/b/060.html contains a large number of medical links intended for the wide educational spectrum, but web sites with animation (only a few of them) have not been marked. Web site  HYPERLINK "http://members.tripod.com/exworthy/anatrtion.htm" http://members.tripod.com/exworthy/anatrtion.htm also contains large number of links to the anatomy of the human body, describing what and how individual systems and organs function. Only some of the sites are animated (a small number), and these have not been specifically marked. Web pages created in this study are unique in the world, since they contain links that are directly leading the users intuitively and logically to the animations, 2D or 3D images of the human anatomy. Although the number of links is not high, it is growing progressively. Problems that may occur during navigation of the web pages Problems that may occur during use of these web pages are mainly due to a lack of certain plug-ins (on the side of the user) for viewing virtual or other animations. Solution to these problems is to install the plug-ins that is available on the Internet for free. The next category of problems can be attributed to the size (ten or more megabytes) of certain elements (in particular movies), creating a problem during the download through slow 56K modem connections. The solution is to use internet connection that allows for faster flow of data. Conclusion Web pages created in this study ( HYPERLINK "http://www.inet.hr/~jzufic" http://www.inet.hr/~jzufic) would greatly help the users (primarily students of medicine) to gain an overview and learn anatomy of human body using 2D- and 3D-imaging, animation and endoscopic images. About the authors Janko Zufic, born in 1967 in Pula, Croatia, graduated with the major in Automation in 1993 from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia. He is currently working at the Higher Teachers School in Pula as a system engineer and professor of several subjects related to informatics. In 2003 he and his colleagues presented a study, Application of computers in methodical planning of natural and social studies, at the international scientific symposium IV Days of Mate Demarin on Brijuni island (Croatia). In 2003 he enrolled in post-graduated doctoral studies at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb. His main area of interest is application of computers in teaching. Aleksandra Zufic, born in Karlovac (Croatia) in 1969, graduated with a major in Automation in 1992 from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia. During her third year of study she was a recipient of the Josip Loncar award as the best student in her area of studies. She is currently teaching informatics at the elementary schools Veli vrh and Krnica in Pula. The main area of her interest is the application of computers in teaching. She is participating in the project Application of computers in studies and teaching of history. She is an active participant in public discussions regarding curriculum and teaching plan and program of informatics in elementary schools. She is attending the seminar Quality school. Note We need equipments: LCD projector and PC (with USB port). We study presentation with PowerPoint. Katalog linkova s animacijama, 2D, 3D i endoskopskim prikazima pojedinih sustava i organa virtualnog anatomskog atlasa ljudskog tijela Proaireni sa~etak Uvod Postoji uzre ica Jedna slika zamjenjuje tisuu rije i, a ako je slika animirana ili u pokretu ili se pritom koriste i zvu ni efekti, tada joa i viae. Cilj ovog rada je pomou 2D i 3D prikaza, animacija, elemenata virtualne stvarnosti (virtual reality), prikaza sondiranja pojedinih ljudskih organa i sustava pomoi korisnicima (ponajprije u enicima i studentima biologije, medicine i anatomije) u upoznavanju organa i sustava ljudskog tijela, kao i princip njihova rada. Pojedini prikazi pokazuju razliku izmeu normalnog (zdravog) i stanja s smetnjama (bolesnog stanja). Koriatenje virtualnog anatomskog atlasa u odnosu na klasi ni papirnati ima brojne prednosti. Organi i sustavi se mogu pregledavati iz razli itih pogleda, mogu poveavati i smanjivati. Obi no su sustavi prikazani pomou istog sloja kojeg se mo~e posebno istaknuti (koriatenjem razli ite boje, neproporcionalno poveanje ili sli no), dok se ostali slojevi mogu sakriti ili u initi transparentnim. Obzirom da na webu ve postoji mnoatvo takvih i sli nih sadr~aja, u ovom je radu prikupljen velik broj linkova na te stranice, sistematiziran je sadr~aj kako bi se korisnicima na jednom mjestu omoguio uvid u razli ite sadr~aje, metodologije, koriatene alate i korisnike. Zaato ne koristiti samo jedan web site na kome je kompletan virtualni atlas? Institucije ili pojedinci koji izrauju ovakve sadr~aje na svoje web stranice stavljaju ono ato smatraju da je bitno ili stavljaju naglasak na djelatnost kojom se prvenstveno bave (na primjer, razraditi e anatomiju mozga do krajnjih granica, dok e ostatak tijela biti prikazan tek usput). Pri tome koriste u pravilu jedan do dva alata za prikaz. Na web siteu koji je napravljen u ovom radu pronai e se velik broj izvora, koji koriste razli ite alate. Prikazi su ograni eni na 2D i 3D animacije organa, sustava i itavog ljudskog tijela te na video ili sli ne zapise koji se proizvode pri dijagnosti kim ili operativnim zahvatima nad pacijentima. Struktura web sitea Struktura web sita nastoji biti logi na i intuitivna. Na po etnoj stranici virtualni atlas podijeljen je na 11 dijelova-menua za prikaz: kompletnog tijela, sustava i pojedinih organa - tu su zastupljene web stranice viae izvora koje prikazuju 2D ili 3D animacije itavog tijela, organa i sustava sustavi za pokretanje  prikaz rada ruke pomou DivX filma kosti i zglobova  prikaz stopala, aake, ruke i kralje~nice. Posebno je interesantno pogledati animacije zahvata koji se poduzimaju za popravak kralje~nice od raznih bolesti i/ili oateenja/povreda. ~iv anog sustava  prvenstveno su prikazani mozak, atlas mozgova, dijelovi mozga i (virtualna) endoskopija mozga dianog sustava  pregled dianog sustava, animacija plua, animacija grkljana i duanika srca i krvo~ilnog sustava  animacija srca, prikaz srca iznutra, razli iti prikazi aorta. Pojave kod fibrilacije srca. osjetila sluha i vida  prikazi sluanog i o nog sustava. Animacija prikaza reakcije oka na svjetlo. obrambenog sustava  ovoj grupi pripada razumijevanje rada obrambenog sustava, elija i organa obrambenog sustava, animacija antitijela. DNA  obuhvaa prikaz interaktivne animacije anatomije DNA, transciption DNA u RNA, RNA translation kao i pojavu replikacije DNA. Endoskopskih snimki  Zanimljivi prikazi zdravih i bolesnih organa ili sustava snimljenih pri endoskopskim pretragama. Prikazani su snimci mozga (virtualni), plua, duanika, grkljana, uha, srca i drugih organa. Snimci su u MPEG ili GIF formatu. 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Postoji velik broj sli nih web stranica koje navode linkove na anatomiju ljudskog tijela. Neke od njih prikazuju samo pojedine organe ili sustave (npr. mozak ili srce) i njih se u ovoj analizi nee doticati. Ova se analiza nee osvrtati ni na komercijalne web stranice koje nisu dostupne obi nim korisnicima i za koje je potrebna autorizacija. Navesti e se samo nekoliko vodeih web stranica koje imaju linkove na kompletno ljudsko tijelo. Web stranica  HYPERLINK "http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/humanbo.html" http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/humanbo.html - stranica sa oko osamdesetak linkova koji opisuju anatomiju ljudskog tijela i rad pojedinih sustava i organa, uglavnom tekstualno i slikovno dok je broj animiranih web stranica zanemariv. Web stranica  HYPERLINK "http://www.cln.org/index.html" http://www.cln.org/index.html daje linkove na oko 5000 stranica edukacijskih sadr~aja koji poma~u u iteljima u osnovno i srednjoakolskom obrazovanju (K12). Od tako velikog broja linkova relativno je mali broj onih koji su medicinskog karaktera, a i od onih koji to jesu, linkovi nisu strukturirani ni posebno ozna eni po pitanju animacija. Takoer, izabrani linkovi su prilagoeni K12 uzrastu (ispuateni su detalji, ali i bitnije stvari). Web stranica  HYPERLINK "http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/bookmarks/index.html" http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/bookmarks/b/060.html sadr~i velik broj medicinskih linkova namijenjenih airokom spektru obrazovanja, ali nisu posebno nazna ene web stranice s animacijama (kojih ima ih u vrlo malom broju). Web stranica  HYPERLINK "http://members.tripod.com/exworthy/anatrtion.htm" http://members.tripod.com/exworthy/anatrtion.htm takoer sadr~i velik broj linkova na anatomiju ljudskog tijela opisujui ato i kako radi pojedini organi ili sustavi. Samo su neke stranice animirane (vrlo mali broj), a i nisu posebno nazna ene. Web stranice koje su napravljene u ovom radu jedinstvene su u svijetu jer se u njima nalaze linkovi koji korisnika intuitivno i logi no direktno vode na animacije, 2D ili 3D prikaz anatomije ovjeka. Iako broj linkova nije velik, kontinuirano raste. Problemi koji se mogu pojaviti prigodom koriatenja web stranica Problemi koji se mogu pojaviti s koriatenjem ovih stranica su nedostatak (kod korisnika) pojedinih plugin-ova za pregled virtualnih ili nekih drugih animacija. Rjeaenje problema svodi se na instalaciju plugin-ova koji su besplatno dostupni na webu. Sljedei je problem ato su neki sadr~aji (osobito filmski zapisi) relativno veliki (nekoliko desetaka megabajta) i veliki je problem ekati njihovo downloadiranje s sporim 56K modemom. Rjeaenje je koristiti veze koje imaju vei protok podataka. Zaklju ak Web stranice ( HYPERLINK "http://www.inet.hr/~jzufic" http://www.inet.hr/~jzufic) koje su izraene u ovom radu uvelike e pomoi korisnicima (u prvom redu u enicima i studentima medicine) u pregledu i u enju anatomije ljudskog tijela koristei 2D i 3D prikaz, animacije i endoskopske snimke. O autorima Janko }ufi, roen je 1967. godine u Puli, Hrvatska. 1993. godine diplomirao je na Fakultetu elektrotehnike i ra unarstva, smjer Automatika. Od 2002. godine radi na Visokoj u iteljskoj akoli u Puli kao sistem in~enjer i predava  nekoliko informati kih predmeta. Sa suradnicima je objavio lanak Primjena ra unala u nastavi prirode i druatva na meunarodnom znanstveno-stru nom skupu IV. Dani Mate Demarina na Brijunima (Hrvatska), 2003. godine. 2003. godine upisuje poslijediplomski doktorski studij na Fakultetu elektrotehnike i ra unarstva Sveu iliata u Zagrebu. Podru je njegovog interesa je primjena ra unala u nastavi. Aleksandra }ufi, roena je u Karlovcu (Hrvatska) 1969. godine. Diplomirala je na Fakultetu elektrotehnike i ra unarstva Sveu iliata u Zagrebu smjer Automatika, 1992. godine. Na treoj godini studija dobila je Pismeno priznanje Josip Lon ar kao najbolji student na smjeru Automatika. Radi kao u iteljica informatike u Osnovnim akolama Veli vrh i Krnica u Puli. Podru je njezina interesa je primjena ra unala u nastavi. Sudjeluje u projektu Primjena ra unala u nastavi povijesti. Aktivna je sudionica u javnim raspravama za curriculum i nastavni plan i program predmeta Informatika u osnovnim akolama. 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