ࡱ> WYV@ TbjbjFF 4V,,9)xxxxxxx4 4 4 4 l  $ R #2-x 2xx _ x x  :x,xx 4 ) u0R##xxxx#x Z h T q 22Ddw THE INFLUENCE OF MILK PRODUCTION ON OVARIAN CYCLICITY IN PERIOD POSTPARTUM OF SIMMENTAL COWS T. Dobrani, M. Samard~ija, S. Vince, J. Grizelj, Vesna Dobrani, Nikica Prvanovi, }. Pavi i i D. Gra ner Veterinary faculty, Zagreb, Croatia ABSTRACT The influence of milk production on return of ovarian cyclicity in puerperium of Simmental cows was the aim of research. It included the total of 25 cows at the ages of 2 to 10 years. We determined following metabolic parameters: glucose, total proteins, urea, AST, ALT and creatine kinase and following hormones: progesterone P4 and IGF-I. Cows were divided into two groups and examined gynaecological and by ultrasound. In the first group of 13 cows the milk production was <25 L daily, and in the second group of 12 cows >25 L. We took blood samples twice weekly from 4th till 45th day of puerperium. We determined significantly higher level (P<0,001) for AST and ALT in group of cows with higher milk production. However, we didnt find significant differences (P>0,05) between the groups in the level of proteins, urea, glucose and creatine kinase. The group of cows with higher milk production the level of progesterone was 8,811,52 nmol/L, and the group of cows with lower milk production it was 10,822,23 nmol/L. The group of cows with higher milk production the level of IGF-I was 75,063,28 ng/mL, and in the group of cows with lower milk production it was 81,362,03 ng/mL. We didn't find significant differences between the groups (P>0,05) for progesterone P4, as well as for IGF-I. We concluded that for the reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity in Simmental cows the milk production is not of critical importance. Also that the combination of rectal and ultrasound examination, and progesterone P4 and IGF-I serum concentration can precisely diagnose ovarian disfunctions during puerperium. ZUSAMENFASSUNG The influence of milk production on return of ovarian cyclicity in puerperium of Simmental cows was the aim of research. It included the total of 25 cows at the ages of 2 to 10 years. We determined following metabolic parameters: glucose, total proteins, urea, AST, ALT and creatine kinase and following hormones: progesterone P4 and IGF-I. Cows were divided into two groups and examined gynaecological and by ultrasound. In the first group of 13 cows the milk production was <25 L, and in the second group of 12 cows >25 L daily. We took blood samples twice weekly from 4th till 45th day of puerperium. We determined significantly higher level (P<0,001) for AST and ALT in group of cows with higher milk production. However, we didnt find significant differences (P>0,05) between the groups in the level of proteins, urea, glucose and creatine kinase. The group of cows with higher milk production the level of progesterone was 8,811,52 nmol/L, and the group of cows with lower milk production it was 10,822,23 nmol/L. The group of cows with higher milk production the level of IGF-I was 75,063,28 ng/mL, and the group of cows with lower milk production it was 81,362,03 ng/mL. We didn't find significant differences between the groups (P>0,05) for progesterone P4, as well as for IGF-I. We concluded that for the reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity in Simmental cows the milk production is not of critical importance. Also that the combination of rectal and ultrasound examination, and progesterone P4 and IGF-I serum concentration can precisely diagnose ovarian disfunctions during puerperium. INTRODUCTION It is vague why some dairy cows can produce great amount of milk and stay fertile while the others do not (Taylor et al., 2003). However, it is generally accepted that the higher milk production has no negative effect on ovarian cyclicity in puerperium as an independent factor (Hackett et al, 1985). High milk production is often considered as a main factor of negative energetic balance and causing later return of ovarian cyclity in puerperium. Milk production, energetic and protein balance, age of cows, season of the year, number of lactation and breed are considered the most important factors in different duration of intercalving and servis-period in cows (Roche et al., 1992). Increased genetic potential for milk production, as well as the changes in nutrition and herd size are connected with lower cow fertility during lactation (Darwash et al., 1999). The aim of our research was to establish the influence of milk production on return of ovarian cyclicity in Simmental cows. MATERIAL AND METHODS During this research we divided 25 Simmental cows 2-10 years into two groups based on their milk production. In first group of 13 cows daily milk production was <25 L, and in second group of 12 cows it was >25 L. We performed ultrasound examination of genital organs and took blood samples twice a week starting from 4th till 45th day of puerperium. Samples were centrifuged on 3000 rpm during 10 minutes and collected sera were stored immediately after, on -20C till additional tests. We determined concentration of glucose, total proteins, urea, activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase with standard spectrophotometrical usage of kits and test reagents Olympus, Japan. Measuring the level of IGF-I (Biosource, Belgium) and progesterone (Immunotech, France) was analysed with RIA method. All results were analyzed with ANOVA and with Tukeys tests post-hoc analysis. RESULTS We found significantly higher level (P<0,001) of AST (91,292,51U/L) and ALT (21,600,49U/L) in group of cows with higher milk production comparing it with the group of cows with lower milk production (AST (71,461,92U/L) and ALT (18,010,28U/L)). However, we didnt find significant differences (P>0,05) between the groups in the level of proteins, urea, glucose and creatine kinase. In the group of cows with higher milk production the level of progesterone was 8,811,52nmol/L, and in the group of cows with lower milk production it was 10,822,23nmol/L. In the group of cows with higher milk production the level of IGF-I was 75,06 3,28ng/mL, and in the group of cows with lower milk production it was 81,362,03ng/mL. We didn't find significant differences between the groups (P>0,05) for progesterone P4, as well as for IGF-I. DISCUSSION There are opposite results between correlation of milk production and ovulation failure. Harrison et al., (1989) did not establish differences in return of ovarian cyclicity in cows with different milk production which is similar to our research results. Generally, it is accepted that only high milk production has no harmful effect on ovarian cyclicity during puerperium (Hackett et al., 1985). The same authors didn't establish the correlation between milk production and duration of postpartal anoestrus or between milk production of different cows with different ovarian cyclicity which is similar to our results. Opsomer et al., (2000) also proved that the high milk production is not responsible for later ovarian cyclicity. They proved that the energetic status is necessary for high milk production. Hooijer et al., (2001) got opposite results because they found the correlation between high milk production and ovulation failure. Ruiz et al., (1989) concluded that nutrition and milk production are two most important factors connected to return of ovarian cyclicity in cows during puerperium and consequentely with duration of intercalving and servis period. We have not confirmed that in our research since there was no significant differences (P>0,05) between the groups in levels of progesterone and IGF-I. Tennant, (1997) says that for distinguishing liver diseases from skeletal injuries is necessary to determine the level of creatine kinase as well as the AST activity in sera. Based on given results in both groups of cows no liver diseases were found regardless to higher level of AST (P<0,001) in group of cows with higer milk production. We can conclude that that the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis will be reestablished in physiological period of postpartum. In group of cows with higher milk production we established significantly higer level of ALT (P<0,001) than in group of cows with lower milk production. Because, there were no significant differences between groups in return of ovarian cyclicity we concluded that the ALT level has no important diagnostic value which is similar to results of Boyd, (1983). We concluded that for the reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity in Simmental cows the milk production is not of critical importance. Also that the combination of rectal and ultrasound examination, and progesterone P4 and IGF-I serum concentration can precisely diagnose ovarian disfunctions during puerperium. REFERENCES Boyd, B. A. (1983): Vet. Clin. Pathol., 12, 9. Darwash, A. O., G. E. Lamming, J. A. Woolimas (1999): The potential for identifying heritable endocrine parameters associated with fertility in post-partum dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 68, 333-347. Hackett, A. J., C. Y. Lin, A. J. Mcallister (1985): Resumption of ovarian activity and oestrus post partum in dairy cows maintained indoors year-round. Cam. J. Anim. Sci., 65, 391-398. Harrison, R. O., J. W. Young, A. E. Freeman, S. P. Ford (1989): Effects of lactational level on reactivation of ovarian function and interval from parturition to first visual oestrous and conception in high-producing Holstein cows. Anim. Prod., 49, 23-28. Hooijer, G. A., R. B. Lubbers, B. J. Ducro, J. A. van Arendonk, L. M. Kaal-Lansbergen, T. van der Lende (2001): Gentic parameters for cystic ovarian disease in dutch black and white dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 286-291. Opsomer, G., Y. T. Grohn, J. Hertl, M. Coryn, H. Deluyker, A. de Kruif (2000): Risk factors for post partum ovarian dysfunctions in high producing dairy cows in Belgium: a field study. Theriogenology, 53, 841-857. Roche, J. F., M. A. Crowe, M. P. Boland (1992): Postpartum anestrous in dairy and beef cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 28, 371-378. Ruiz, F. J., P. A. Oltenacu, R. D. Smith (1989): Evaluation of on farm milk progesterone tests to determine non pregnant cows and to prevent insemination errors. J. Dairy Sci., 72, 2718-27. Taylor, V. J., D. E. Beever, M. J. Bryant, D. C. Wathes (2003): Metabolic profiles and progesterone cycles in first lactation dairy cows. Theriogenology, 59, 1661-1677. "b, B N f z   {lcWKWh:ehf^;\mHsHh:ehI<\mHsHh2 \mHsHh zhB06H*]mHsHh zhB06]h zhB06]mHsHh zh? 6] h2 6]h zha^5\mHsHh zh.5\mHsHh zhB05\mHsHh zh2 5\mHsHhj95\mHsHhp^5\mHsHh zh? 5\mHsH  HI^ $`a$gd $`a$gdk$a$gd \ $`a$gdf^;dhgdf^; $`a$gdK+ phdh`hgdf^; $]a$gd2 $h`ha$gd2 $e`ea$gd2 T          " # % & , - / 0 7 8 A B D E O P R S \ ] a p y { }   # J K \ }  h:ehl h:ehTvh:eh*"H* h:ehi h:eh}!!mHsHh:eh mHsHh:ehkmHsHh:eh)mHsHh:ehBTKmHsH h:ehBTK h:eh \ h:eh*"h:eh*"mHsH7    * , > @ H J O ] _   . 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