Naslov
Disposal of Meat, Bonemeal, and Residual Ash by Injection Into Deep Geological Formations

Autori
Brkić, Vladislav ; Omrčen, Ivo ; Gotovac, Hrvoje ; Omrčen, Božo ; Zelić, Mirko ;

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
Developments in Water Science-Underground Injection Science and Technology / Chin-Fu Tsang, John A. Apps - San Francisco (CA) : Elsevier, 2005, 569-586

ISBN
9780444520685

Skup
Annual Conference on Underground Injection Science and Technology

Mjesto i datum
San Francisco (CA), Sjedinjene Američke Države, 21.10.2003. - 23.10.2003

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Disposal; Meat; Bone Meal; Residual ash; Injection; Deep Geological Formations

Sažetak
Waste generated in the Republic of Croatia in the process of oil and gas exploration and production has been many years disposed by injection into deep geological formations. From long experience of disposing waste in oil industry, we have come to various possibilities of disposing waste generates in other industries. First of all, this relates to the disposal of Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) and Residual Ash. As we know, when mad cow disease (BSE) appeared for the first time, proteins of animal origin for feeding animals have been forbidden. Therefore, it is essential to dispose the existing MBM reserves, as well as those recently produced, in a safe and ecologically appropriate manner. For this purpose, laboratory research has been made. Based on the results of the laboratory research, the preparation of MBM for injection into deep wells have been established. In the same way, when combusting various types of industrial and municipal wasle, (he problem of residual ash disposal emerges. Such residual ash contains heavy metals which may be permanently disposed by using the above mentioned method. However, on the basis of new experience and knowledge in that field, waste may be disposed in a permanent and safe manner into appropriate geological formations. The paper presents a detailed research, as well as the preparation and technological procedure of disposing the referred waste. Also, in this paper we are going to present the modeling of a plume transport as the quantities description of a deep aquifer waste injection. A solute flux, defined as the mass of a solute per time and area unit from the source to the control plane, represent the transport in aquifers. Because of the natural heterogeneity of geological formations, groundwater flow and transport arc tortuous and unpredictable and they can be described only as a random field with regard to statistics. The solute flux is presented in terms of the first two statistical moments which is sufficient for most practical purposes, as space - time process where time refers to the solute flux breakthrough and space refers to the transverse displacement distribution at the control plane. Velocity fluctuations cause two basic mechanism of transport- One refers to fluctuations on a scale equal to and smaller than a plume size where plume is distorted and diffused and fluctuations on a scale larger than a plume size which cause the plume to "meander" relative to the mean flow direction. Two general transport modeling are used: absolute which includes both mechanism and relative where meandering effects are removed. This transport concept is also useful for reactive and non - reactive transport. Risk formulation from the above transport results is also presented. The environmental risk comprises the entire process of selecting the risk agent source and its transport through porous media. Finally, the risk level represents the probability that can cause undesirable effects on health and environmental resources.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geologija, Građevinarstvo, Rudarstvo, nafta i geološko inženjerstvo

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