Naslov
PCB levels in the atmosphere and surface soils in Croatia as a consequence of war damages : Apopsbal project

Autori
Holoubek, I. ; Klanova, J. ; Kohoutek, J. ; Kostrhounova, R. ; Picer, M.

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Persistent Toxic Substances Contamination of the European Region - Book of abstracts / - Brno : Masaryk University, 2003, 185-186

Skup
Persistent Toxic Substances Contamination of the European Region : the first workshop

Mjesto i datum
Brno, Češka Republika, 10.-12.11.3003

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Nije recenziran

Ključne riječi
PCB; atmosphere; soil; APOPSBAL

Sažetak
Destruction of industrial facilities and spilling of chemicals have the worst effect for the environment. During the Balkan wars the burning or damaging of industrial and military targets in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia resulted in the release of a large number of chemicals into the environment. The atmospheric releases contained also persistent organic pollutants, which are known to be hazardous to health. Under suitable meteorological conditions, these chemicals can be transported across borders over large distances. Results of the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in the soils indicated significant contamination of the investigated area of the 110/35 kV Zadar Electrical Transformer Station. This was the reason for a detailed investigation of the PCB levels in the soil and air samples around the damaged capacitor. The air sampling was performed between the May 13 and 23, 2003. Four samplers were in the city of Zadar (historical center ; industrial zone ; electrical transformer station, meteorological station), Zavižan location (150 km north from Zadar, on Mt. Velebit) was chosen as a background area. Five high volume ambient air samplers PS-1 (Graseby-Andersen, USA) were used (flow and volume: 20-25 m3.h-1, 250-400 m3 per 24 h, resp.) with the two types of adsorbents: for collection of particles (quartz filter Whatmann, fraction dae < 50 _m), and for collection of gaseous phase (polyurethane foam, Gumotex Břeclav, density 0.03 g.m-3). Frequency of sampling was 24 hours, ten samples of the ambient air from every location were collected during the 10 days sampling campaign (24 hours, about 300 m3 each). For comparison, one sample of the surface soil was taken from each sampling site during the ambient air sampling campaign. All field air samples, field blanks and soil samples were extracted with dichloromethane in Büchi System B-811 automatic extractor (quartz and PUF filters separately). PCB 121 was used as an internal standard, PCB 30, and PCB 185 were used as recovery standards. Volume was reduced and fractionation achieved on sulphuric acid modified silica gel column. Samples were analyzed on GC-ECD HP 5890 for PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB153, PCB 138, PCB 180, _-HCH, _-HCH, _-HCH, _-HCH, p, p´-DDE, p, p´-DDD, p, p´-DDT. All results were confirmed on GC HP 6890 equipped with a mass selective detector HP 5972. Recoveries varied from 72 to 98 %. In addition, the levels of PAHs in the air and soil, and genotoxic effects of 5 cumulative air samples were studied. The samples were tested separately for organic pollutants in gas and solid phase (bound in particulate matter) in the air. As detection system of genotoxic potency SOS chromotest was used. It is a miniaturized genotoxicity test on genetically modified bacteria E. coli PQ 37. Detection of genotoxic effects is based on quantification of the induction of SOS repair system (system that is switched on as a result of DNA damage in the cells) via a reporter gene for enzyme &#946; -galactosidase. Samples were tested also with an addition of metabolic activation (S9 fraction of the extract of rat liver cells), that enables detection of effects of progenotoxic compounds. The results of the measurements of PCB concentrations in the air are summarized in the Table 1. It is obvious, that the PCB levels in the atmosphere of the electrical transformer station are significantly higher when compared with other localities. Most of the investigated PCB congeners were detected in the vapor phase, as can be seen from the comparison of PCB concentrations in vapor and particulate phases in all sites.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geologija

POVEZANOST RADA