Naslov
Antifungal Activities of Fluorinated Pyrazole Aldehydes on Phytopathogenic Fungi, and Their Effect on Entomopathogenic Nematodes, and Soil-Beneficial Bacteria

Autori
Rastija, Vesna ; Vrandečić, Karolina ; Ćosić, Jasenka ; Kanižai Šarić, Gabriella ; Majić, Ivana ; Agić, Dejan ; Šubarić, Domagoj ; Karnaš, Maja ; Bešlo, Drago ; Brahmbhatt, Harshad ; Komar, Mario

Izvornik
International journal of molecular sciences (1422-0067) 24 (2023), 11; 9335, 22

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
pyrazole aldehydes ; plant protection ; antifungal activity ; antibacterial activity ; nematicidal activity ; molecular docking ; toxicity

Sažetak
Fluoro-substituted pyrazoles have a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activities of fluorinated 4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives on four phytopathogenic fungi: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and F. culmorum. Moreover, they were tested on two soil beneficial bacteria—Bacillus mycoides and Bradyrhizobium japonicum—as well as two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs)—Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae. The molecular docking was performed on the three enzymes responsible for fungal growth, the three plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The most active compounds against fungi S. sclerotiorum were 2- chlorophenyl derivative (H9) (43.07% of inhibition) and 2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl derivative (H7) (42.23% of inhibition), as well as H9 against F. culmorum (46.75% of inhibition). Compounds were shown to be safe for beneficial soil bacteria and nematodes, except for compound H9 on EPN H. bacteriophora (18.75% mortality), which also showed the strongest inhibition against AChE (79.50% of inhibition). The molecular docking study revealed that antifungal activity is possible through the inhibition of proteinase K, and nematicidal activity is possible through the inhibition of AChE. The fluorinated pyrazole aldehydes are promising components of future plant protection products that could be environmentally and toxicologically acceptable.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kemija, Poljoprivreda (agronomija)

Napomena
This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive
Natural Products: Composition, Molecular Mechanisms
and Beneficial Effects

POVEZANOST RADA