Naslov
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay, Surrogate Neutralization and Virus Neutralization Test

Autori
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana ; Bogdanic, Maja ; Borko, Ema ; Hruskar, Zeljka ; Zilic, Denis ; Ferenc, Thomas ; Tabain, Irena ; Barbic, Ljubo ; Vujica Ferenc, Mateja ; Ferencak, Ivana ; Stevanovic, Vladimir

Izvornik
Antibodies (2073-4468) 12 (2023), 2; 35, 9

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; antibodies ; EIA ; surrogate neutralization test ; virus neutral-ization test

Sažetak
Background: Since sensitivity and specificity vary widely between tests, SARS-CoV-2serology results should be interpreted with caution. Methods: The study included serum samples from patients who had recovered from COVID-19 (n = 71), individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2(n = 84), and asymptomatic individuals (n = 33). All samples were tested for the presence of binding antibodies (enzyme immunoassay ; EIA), neutralizing (NT) antibodies (virus neutralization test ; VNT), and surrogate NT (sNT) antibodies (surrogate virus neutralization test ; sVNT) of SARS-CoV-2.Results: SARS-CoV-2-binding antibodies were detected in 71 (100%) COVID-19 patients, 77 (91.6%) vaccinated individuals, and 4 (12.1%) control subjects. Among EIA-positive samples, VNT was positive (titer ≥ 8) in 100% of COVID-19 patients and 63 (75.0%) of the vaccinated individuals, while sVNT was positive (>30% inhibition) in 62 (87.3%) patients and 59 (70.2%) vaccinated individuals. The analysis of antibody levels showed a significant moderate positive correlation between EIA and VNT, a moderate positive correlation between EIA and sVNT, and a strong positive correlation between VNT and sVNT. The proportion of positive sVNT detection rate was associated with VNT titer. The lowest positivity (72.4%/70.8%) was detected in samples with low NT titers (8/16) and increased progressively from 88.2% in samples with titer 32 to 100% in samples with titer 256. Conclusions:sVNT appeared to be a reliable method for the assessment COVID-19 serology in patients with high antibody levels, while false-negative results were frequently observed in patients with low NT titers.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kliničke medicinske znanosti, Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita

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