Naslov
MMSE & MOCA – Good friends in the practice of a family physician in the timely diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Autori
Halilović, Emio ; Plišić, Tea ; Žujić, Dino ; Mimica, Ninoslav

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, stručni

Izvornik
Neurologia Croatica 72 (Suppl. 1) / Šimić, Goran ; Mimica, Ninoslav - Zagreb : Denona, 2023, 60-61

Skup
2. kongres Hrvatske Alzheimer alijanse s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem

Mjesto i datum
Varaždin, Hrvatska, 29.03.2023. - 01.04.2023

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Domaća recenzija

Ključne riječi
Alzheimer’s disease ; dementia ; mental status ; primary health care ; tests

Sažetak
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in personal daily activities. 1 In total, more than 55 million people of the world population are estimated to live with dementia, and this number is supposed to rise to 78 million in 2030 and 139 million in 2050.2 Early diagnosis is crucial for planning future suitable treatment options and care. Nowadays, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used scale in cognitive function evaluation. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), was created as an alternative method for MMSE. The use of mentioned scales as screening tools for early diagnosis of AD by family physicians was suggested by the Croatian association for Alzheimer’s disease and geriatric psychiatry and others in 2015.3 Aim: This narrative review aims to determine the utility of MMSE and MoCA scales in the early diagnosis of AD and to discuss their abilities as screening tools in primary health care. Methodology: Next to the proposal of the strategy against AD, we researched the literature on PubMed from January 2018 to February 2023. There were 123 results for the terms “Alzheimer’s disease”, “MMSE”, “MoCA” and “Primary Health Care”. Results: The available literature shows that MMSE contributes to the diagnosis of dementia in low prevalence settings and its accuracy depends on the cut point to indicate normal condition. The MMSE has a 70-80 % sensitivity and 80-90 % specificity.4, 5 It’s important to highlight that the score is sensitive to the literacy and education level of the patient. Unlike the MMSE, the MoCA test achieves high sensitivity (94-97 %) with modest specificity (50-60 %).6, 7 Also, compared to the MMSE, the MoCA offers more detailed testing of executive function, 8 but it is more complex to administer and score, 9 and it requires higher educational attainment, adjustments for education and culture may be necessary.Conclusion: Both tests alone do not represent an optimal choice in AD screening, but in combination, they have acceptable diagnostic accuracy and suitability for administration in primary care which makes them useful tools in the early diagnosis of AD. References: 1. Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Comprehensive review on Alzheimer’s disease: causes and treatment. Molecules. 2020 ; 25(24):5789. 2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/dementia 3. Mimica N, Kušan Jukić M, Presečki P, Ivičić M, Braš M, Vrbić Lj et al. Hrvatska strategija borbe protiv Alzheimerove bolesti i drugih demencija – prijedlog nacrta uz nadopune. Medix [Internet]. 2015. [pristupljeno 20.02.2023.] ; 21(117):111-8. Dostupno na: https://urn. nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:184:111760 4. Roalf DR, Moberg PJ, Xie SX, Wolk DA, Moelter ST, Arnold SE. Comparative accuracies of two common screening instruments for classification of Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy aging. Alzheimers Dement. 2013 ; 9(5):529–37. 5. Carnero- Pardo C, Rego-García I, Mené Llorente M, Alonso Ródenas M, Vílchez Carrillo R. Diagnostic performance of brief cognitive tests in cognitive impairment screening. Neurologia. 2022 ; 37(6):441–9. 6. Smith T, Gildeh N, Holmes C. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Validity and utility in a Memory clinic setting. Can. J. Psychiatry. 2007 ; 52(5):329–32. 7. Larner AJ. Screening utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): in place of – or as well as – the MMSE? Int. Psychogeriatr. 2012 ; 24(3):391–6. 8. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2005 ; 53(4):695–9. 9. Galvin JE. Using informant and performance screening methods to detect mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2018 ; 7(1):19–25.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kliničke medicinske znanosti

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