Naslov
Cocoa shell waste valorization – extraction from lab to pilot-scale cavitational reactors

Autori
Gunjević, Veronika ; Grillo, Giorgio ; Boffa, Luisa ; Binello, Arianna ; Mantegna, Stefano ; Cravotto, Giancarlo

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Proceedings of the Merck & Elsevier Young Chemists Symposium XVIII edition / Bella, Federico ; Botta, Lorenzo ; Cuccinello, Raffaele ; D Urso, Alessandro ; Franco, Placido ; Lenci, Elena ; Mazzone, Gloria ; Schlich, Michele ; Solda, Alice ; Spezzano, Roberto ; Staderini, Samuele ; Triggiani, Leonardo - Rim : Società Chimica Italiana, 2018, 174-174

ISBN
978-88-94952-03-2

Skup
Merck Young Chemists' Symposium 2021

Mjesto i datum
Rimini, Italija, 19.11.2018. - 21.11.2018

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
valorization ; pilot-scale ; hydrodinamic cavitation ; green extraction ; cocoa shell

Sažetak
The objective of the presented study is to valorize cocoa shell, one of the main by-product of the roasting process, in order to enhance the effective extraction of high value-added compounds by means of sustainable protocols. Aiming to define the best solvent and technology, a range of extraction procedures have been tested. Used solvents were hexane, hydro-alcoholic solution (ethanol/water) and ternary mixture (hexane/ethanol/ water). Ultrasound (US) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) were compared with conventional methods. High temperature and pressure microenvironments generated by cavitation promote fast biomass deconstruction with low energy consumption. The optimized protocol combine a pilot flow HC reactor with a ternary mixture, simultaneously providing a hydrophilic product, which is rich in polyphenols and methylxanthines, and a lipid layer. Sequential milling and sieving pretreatment provided an enriched cocoa shell fraction trough the partial removal of husk fibers (54.45 vs. 81.36 w/w % total fibers). The disposal of the fibers reduces mass balance, but they can be applied as animal feedstock components and crop mulching. The aforementioned protocols produce valuable extracts, which are rich in flavanols (catechins and epicatechins), theobromine, caffeine and cocoa butter, in a simple and easy manner. This valorization process provided 20.5 % (w/w) and 15.8 % (w/w) hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions, respectively. The hydrophilic extract shows an extremely high total phenolic content of 197.4 mg/g extract (gallic acid eq.), with a radical scavenging activity of 62.0 ± 3.1 μg/mL (expressed in DPPH EC50). The fatty acids, obtained in a great yield (forming the 96.4 % (w/w) of the total lipophilic fraction) well match the commercial cocoa butter profile. These results run in the direction of zero waste chocolate industry by means of low cost, fast, efficient and scalable procedures.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kemija

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