Naslov
THE HISTORY OF PROSTATE CANCER FROM ANTIQUITY: REVIEW OF PALEOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES

Autori
Kamyar Ghabili Amirkhiz, Jeffrey J. Tosoian, Benjamin Benzon, Edward M. Schaeffer, and Ashley E. Ross

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Journal of Urology / - , 2016

Skup
American Urological Association (AUA) 2016 Annual Meeting

Mjesto i datum
San Diego (CA), Sjedinjene Američke Države, 06.05.2016. - 10.05.2016

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
HISTORY, PROSTATE CANCER

Sažetak
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Although description of the prostate gland dates back to the Ancient Greece, men have likely suffered from prostatic cancer since antiquity. Paleopathological studies on skeletons and mummies have shed some light on prostatic diseases in prehistoric populations. We present a historical review of the prostate cancer in antiquity based on paleopathological findings. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed (PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar) using the search terms paleopathology, prostate, historical, ancient, and medieval. RESULTS Since 1980′s, prostate cancer has been detected in eighteen skeletons and mummies from Neolithic Age (ca. 5000 years BP) to the 19th century CE. The earliest remains, excavated from Northern Spain are known as the first described human cases of prostate cancer with osteoblastic skeletal metastatic lesions. The estimated age of the cases at the time of burial ranged from 30 to >60 years old. The majority of the men (72.2%) had osteoblastic skeletal lesions, while mixed osteoblastic and osteoclastic metastases were only detected in five cases. In almost all of the reported cases, the diagnosis of prostate cancer was made based on the age and gender of the specimen, as well as morphology (e.g., osteoblastic vs. osteolytic) and distribution of the bone lesions using light/electron microscopic and imaging studies. Definitive paleopathological diagnosis of the prostate cancer was established in 2007 on skeletal remains of a 40-50 year-old Scythian king of the Iron Age in Siberia, Russia with mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and hypermethylated promoter sequences of p14ARF tumor suppressor gene were identified in the bones of this 2700-year-old human skeleton through proteomic techniques and polymerase chain reactions (PCR), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Prostate cancer is not a disease of modern-day populations. Similar to modern day cases, metastatic lesions tend to be primarily osteoblastic. Though interpretations of the data are limited by a small cohort of identified cases, it is interesting that advanced prostate cancer appeared to have developed in men of relatively young age.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

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