ࡱ> G bjbjَ )2 ] X @   , , , , 8d , , Q XGZGZGZGKGLKL=P$VSJUFaPY aP-  ---   XG, ,     XG-,-.(E  XG d , , ,  G8Doc.dr.sc. Marinko Jur evi Antonela Magzan, dipl.krim. Bo~o Skoko, dipl.nov. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAFFIC AND TOURISM OF THE CROATIA AS AN INCENTIVE TO JOIN THE EU SUMMARY: Connection between the tourist and traffic activities reflects the total economic picture of the country with a tendency of growth in the future. From the traffic point of view the infrastructure of all traffic branches (with a special priority regarding the road traffic) is surely the most important, followed by the development of the shipping and ferry-boat connections as along the Adriatic coast, so between and towards the islands. The building of the traffic infrastructure in the touristic destination itself and, even more so, the traffic ways till the tourist destination, together with a mutual connection between the tourist destinations, are of the utmost importance for the development of tourism. More than 70% of the tourist population from abroad arrive to our country by car and even 70% of vessels (up to 7 m) arriving to the Adriatic for the nautical tourism, arrive by road as well. They all expect a European level of the traffic infrastructure; a quick, safe and quality transport from the place of their residence till their tourist destination. Therefore, the development of these destinations, specially those of the Middle and Southern Adriatic, depend on the development level, transport characteristics, thoroughfare ability and equipment of our traffic ways. Taking the wider economy interests of the Republic of Croatia into consideration one shouldn't neglect the European Union with its growing interest for Croatia, its economy and tourism. KEY WORDS traffic, tourism, traffic infrastructure, tourist destination. POVEZANOST PROMETA I TURIZMA REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE KAO POTICATELJ PRIKLJU ENJA EU SA}ETAK: Veza izmeu turisti ke i prometne djelatnosti odra~ava se na sveukupnu gospodarsku sliku zemlje i ima tendenciju rasta u budunosti. S prometnog aspekta svakako je najva~nija infrastruktura svih prometnih grana (prioritetno cestovnog prometa), a potom razvoj brodskih i trajektnih veza, kako du~ jadranske obale, tako i izmeu otoka. Izgradnja prometne infrastrukture u samoj turisti koj destinaciji, a joa viae prometnica do turisti kog odrediata, te meusobna prometna povezanost turisti kih destinacija od klju ne su va~nosti za razvitak turizma. Preko 70% inozemnih turista dolazi u naau zemlju motornim vozilima, a i 70% plovila (do 7 m), koja dolaze na Jadran radi nauti kog turizma, dolaze cestom. Svi oni o ekuju europsku razinu prometne infrastrukture; brz, siguran i kvalitetan prijevoz iz mjesta stalnog boravka do turisti kog odrediata. Zato o stupnju razvijenosti, voznim karakteristikama, propusnoj moi, te opremljenosti naaih prometnica ovisi razvitak destinacija osobito srednjeg i ju~nog Jadrana. Sagledavajui aire gospodarske interese Republike Hrvatske ne smije se zanemariti niti Europsku uniju koja je upravo danas sve viae zainteresirana za Hrvatsku, njeno gospodarstvo i turizam. KLJU NE RIJE I: promet, turizam, prometna infrastruktura, turisti ka destinacija I. INTRODUCTION The evaluation and utilization of the Croatian tourist resources is one of the basic guidelines of the Croatian economic system for the next years. This, however, will not be possible to realize without the existence of a long-termed traffic policy as well as all other social and economic factors of the Croatian touristic economy environment. This points toward the fact that the Croatian state will clearly have to declare itself regarding the establishing of a building and maintenance strategy for the traffic infrastructure as a basic supposition for the evaluation and realization of the Croatian strategic guidelines in tourism. Inclusion in the global tourism trends is made more difficult for many reasons for all those countries in the midst of building a new system. The basic problems spring up from the neglect of the working, human and intellectual potentials under the conditions when the tourists keep extending their demands, expecting a tourist leisure of more quality, with more experienced values. Croatia was borne in the war, arose from a system which broke down. It has now a historic opportunity for an independent development of a new touristic future. The improvement of quality and the efficiency of the tourist offer is a project of mutual interest for many a subject and many an organization. Within this new approach no suppressment, no degradation, no destroying of personal values must happen. The process of the "internationalization" in the tourist economy is unavoidable and it must, in the first place, be in the function of the domestic potential and competitive advantages as well as strengthening of all forms of cooperation with the world as a whole. Croatia tries, day after day, to find its business identity and approaches, in many segments, the development of the modern economy and society. In the field of tourism it has specially large developmental chances at its disposal, but these changes should be done cleverly but the future changes should be executed with great consideration in order to minimize the negative effects arising from such development. In such a way the tourism could really assert itself as one of the main axis in the economic development of the country. An analysis of tourism, through its functional connection with transportation, shows a seasonal concentration of traffic in Croatia primarily in the summer months. The most part of the tourist traffic is directed toward the Adriatic (the islands and the coastal part thereof) where the most part of the accommodation capacities are located. During the first eleven months in the year 2000 Croatia was visited by 6.497.953 tourists or 40% more than during the same time period in the year 1999.We speak here, thus, of a significant increase of demand for Croatia as the touristic destination  Growing touristic demand into consideration, we must state that the Republic of Croatia does not answer with a corresponding traffic infrastructure. Republic of Croatia has, today, at its disposal 27.840 km of classified roads, thereof 21.997 km with a modern surface (2.153 km E-roads, 4.740 km main roads and 7.588 km of regional roads). The remaining roads are only of a local significance. The Croatian railways have at its disposal 2.276 km of rails with 265 stations, 861 passenger cars and 440 locomotives. In the maritime traffic there are 74 passenger ships (with a volume of 83.735 m3) and 170 cargo vessels. Croatia has eight airports of the highest category (4E) with take off/landing pathway longer than 1800 m. There are eleven small airports for sports, tourist and economy needs such as the Loinj Airport of the 2C type with the take off/landing pathway of 900 m.  (Although the said traffic capacities are in the tourist season in the function of the Croatian tourism, they still are far from being satisfactory regarding the necessities of the domestic and foreign tourists. 2. TOURISM POTENTIAL AND TIES TO TRANSPORTATION CONNECTIONS The problem of ties between transportation and tourism potentials can be monitored from two different aspects: connections between destinations and connections of the entire region or country with its international surroundings. This paper will dedicate its attention to the second aspect of the two, as it represents a part of the whole Croatian economical and political activities when speaking of the integration with in the economic and political associations of the developed countries. Of course, one should not neglect, at the same time, the problems and activities relating to the interconnection of the tourist destinations, this being a pre-condition for the improvement of the tourist offer. The traffic connections of the tourist destinations with the international surroundings could be, on principle, phrased as a traffic connection of the Adriatic with the Middle Europe, although one should very seriously consider the remaining potential tourist locations (continental part of Croatia). In the geotraffic aspect on the area traffic connections Adriatic - Middle Europe, there are three essential space areas: Adriatic coast, the countries and the Middle European regions without their own maritime space and the immediate Adriatic hinterland as the transitory region . Adriatic Sea as the part of the Mediterranean Sea (4,6% of its surface), deeply recessed in the European land on its northern part. The length of the Adriatic Sea is 870 km with an approximate width of 159,3 km. Among the most valuable elements of the Adriatic Sea is surely the extraordinary relief indentedness of its coast - with an indentnedness coefficient of 11. .Numerus bays, gulfs, peninsulae and islands offer, with a relatively favourable sea depth, natural predispositions of an extraordinary approach to the most favourable world traffic medium - the sea. Croatia has at its disposal the most part of the Adriatic coast. In the Croatian part of the Adriatic we have today eight active ports, where, next to Rijeka, one should point out Plo e and Split. All these ports, however, boast only a small amount of traffic and turnover and mean very little in the European traffic system of today. Central and Southeast Europe, which form the neighboring surroundings of the Adriatic Sea, has always been and still a complicated region in terms of economics and politics. The established traffic connection "by the nature of things" during the last two or three centuries from the Austrian or the Austrian-Hungary countries towards the Adriatic were soon interrupted by the large geo-political and territorial changes after the First World War and almost annulled by the further politically-economical changes after the Second World War. Owing to this fact, during the last almost half century, a dual traffic system developed on the European territory. One part thereof was formed by the Western Europe, while the other one began to grow in the Eastern Europe. The connections of the traffic systems between the West and the East of Europe were disrupted or appeared only sporadically, in the form of some single temporary phenomena. Within such surroundings the Adriatic coast, as a naturally predestined port area for the Middle Europe, specially for the countries along Danubecould not have used up all its realistic possibilities for the integration into the West-European traffic flows.. With the fall of the Socialist block in Eastern Europe and the inauguration of policies of a united market of the countries of Western Europe, the situation has been altered from the foundation up, and fortunately, the changes have been for the better. In the traffic sense arose a clear necessity for the construction of a mutual, unique European traffic system. This has already been made visible by the change of the geo-political and traffic relations as well as the reorientation of the traffic net and redirection regarding the flow of goods. One should, however, not expect quick and spectacular results as the East European countries in transition are, economically speaking, rather behind the Europe of the West. In accordance with the World Bank data, most of these countries belong to the lower middle development level, with a national income of 676 to 2695 USD in the year 1993.. Regarding the future connections of the Croatian Adriatic coast with the Middle Europe, the important ones are the projects of the integral European traffic system: TEM and TER. In accordance with the supplemented net of the transeruropean roads (TEM) from the year 1992, four road communications include our territorial spaces: Ljubljana - Zagreb - Beograd, Gori an - Zagreb - Rijeka, Zagreb - Split and Subotica - Osijek - Sarajevo - Plo e. Regarding the TER project of the transeuropean railways, only the railway Ljubljana - Zagreb - Beograd, Koprivnica - Zagreb - Rijeka and Zagreb - Split have been foreseen. The TER-project aims to realize a better and safer railway and combined transport between the Middle-European and East-European countries as well as between the countries of the Baltic and the South-European countries. 3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM For modern tourism, a modern transportation system is imperative. Europe takes the most important place in the world tourist movements, ...with almost 60% of the total international arrivals in the year 1999. Geotraffic and geotouristc location of Croatia is almost ideal when compared to the European tourist flows, owing to the nearness of the biggest emotive markets The development of the traffic system is extremely important for a continuous and stable development of the tourism. Arm in arm with the traffic system development, Croatia will develop its tourism quality as well. Expressive examples, speaking in favour thereof, are some European tourist countries, like, for instance, Austria and Switzerland who developed their traffic system (internal and international road, railroad and air connections) and coordinated them specially in regard to the tourist activity development. The Croatian Adriatic region, due to its proximity, is potentially the most promising central European region in the Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, southern Germany, Austria and Slovenia, and essentially requires adapting road transportation for explicit tourism functions. In the recent history tourism became a social phenomenon in the real sense of the word, it is a sort of an imperative of the contemporary way of life and even one of the measures of a socio-economic improvement of a single country or region. Thus the tourism of today grows into a mass phenomenon, engaging all layers of society, transforming itself more and more into a complex economic activity. The economic characteristics and the importance of tourism as a motivating factor regarding the economic development of a country may reflect itself as follows: Tourism is an important factor for the extension of the economic crossborder relations, influencing thus the enlargement of the domestic social product as well as the improvement of the balance of payments of the domestic and foreign currency in the country. Tourism influences the regional development and the economic opening of some areas. Tourism influences the opening of new working positions in the servicing or tertiar activities. Tourism enables an additional placing of the agricultural, handicraft and some industrial production on the domestic market. Tourism enables the valorization of the economic and culturo-historical heritage of a country and the presentation thereof to the wider public. Tourism appears in the underdeveloped areas as a factor of development, arising above all in the sphere of the demand, transporting the purchase power from one place to another, influencing thus the extension of the market. This is a market with special demands against the offer arising as the result of several phenomena and activities: natural conditions of the region (climate, sea coast, relief, landscape), cultural monuments fund, the traffic, the infrastructure, the communal facilities, the energetic abilities), catering, cultural and amusement contents etc. The organization of traffic and trade enables, in the tourist area, the expression of the offer as a whole, specially the agricultural and industrial potential of the country. The development of the transportation system in the Republic of Croatia needs to be synchronized in individual branches, and as a whole, directed towards a higher level of organization. The dynamics and the structure of the traffic development should be coordinated with the economic needs, taking specially the development of tourism into consideration. When determining the traffic systems within the new concept of the space organization of the area as well as the development of the Republic of Croatia itself, it is necessary to take some existing problems, demands and obligations, as well as the possible new solutions and priorities in realization, into consideration. Thus one should consider the traffic system of Croatia in its space and functional whole, interdependent on the aspiration towards a rational space utility, upgrading, at the same time, the existing traffic objects. The traffic should be looked upon as a possible gradual realization of this solution, within a long-termed, time horizon of the traffic objects planning and construction, in order to, in an optimal way, contribute towards the economic an, above all, touristic development of the country . 4. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA ACCORDING TO TRANSPORTATION BRANCHES The economic and tourist development of the Republic of Croatia will not be possible without the continuation of the road traffic development. We point out here the great significance of the road traffic in the Republic of Croatia territory..owing to its geotraffic position but owing to the fact as well, that the roads represent the most convenient way of connecting the markets with touristic offer to the most important emotive tourist markets, that is, the markets of the touristic demand. Republic of Croatia directs the construction of the modern highways and roads rational net for fast travelling towards the following traffic directions and corridors: on the north-south direction, that is the connection of the Middle-European Danube region with the Croatian Coastal Region; the Zagorje highway, connecting Slowenia and Austria as well as the Vara~din-Meimurje road towards Hungary; the construction of the highway towards the south-west through Gorski Kotar; the evaluation of the Lika-area(connection of the North and South Croatia by Bosiljevo and Western Lika); highway on the main longitudinal Sava region direction and corridor as well as the quick travelling road on the Podravina region direction; the construction of the Adriatic highway should be coordinated with the traffic intensity as well as with the development of some single areas. Railway traffic, with all its tehnological characteristics bases its development on the mass transport of goods, while the passenger transport is of a lesser importance. The economic, that is, the tourist stipulation in Republic of Croatia points towards a selective approach, in two levels: the connection with the European railway net and the consolidation of the remaining railway net in the country. When speaking of the traffic needs in Croatia, the railway takes a rather important place, specially now when we speak of the goods' and passenger transport on middle and large distances (up to 400 km and over 400 km).The reaffirmation of the Croatian railway system demands a significantly better connection to the international railway net by constructing new (in the rule double gauged) railway tracks of great speeds, in the first place on the longitudinal and the transversal European and national transit traffic directions: The Adriatic orientation of Croatia includes the fact of insuring the corresponding traffic corridors in the railway traffic leading from Europe toward the Croatian Adriatic ports as well as the corridors which, along the Adriatic traffic direction, connect all more important Croatian ports and larger city and development centres. The longitudinal traffic corridor of Posavina as well as the Podravina one, take over the main railway tracks of European significance. The Posavina corridor should be meant for the European needs of large speeds as well as the connection of Europe with the Near East. Taking the great intendendeness and the length of the coast into consideration, the revitalization of the naval traffic in Croatia is a must, as for the needs of our economy, so for the economy of the neighbouring countries. A further development of ports and the maritime connections must be based on the needs of the state, with full consideration of the connections with other countries. Some singe ports should be developed exclusively as the passenger ports, specially connected to the development of tourism. Within the development of the maritime traffic, with full consideration regarding the future tourist needs, it would be necessary to determine and regulate in a legal way, the management of the ports, the way and the circumstances of the ports' integration with the total economic flows of the Republic of Croatia, optimize the plan of the ports, the way of its utilization and the economic participation of the state therein. The ports must satisfy their intentions and specializations. Taking the isolation of some islands and Adriatic areas into consideration, aiming to the activation of their tourist and economic potentials - one should secure, all along the coast, a dense net of quicker, larger, more comfortable and more frequent international and domestic ferry-boats as the connection between the Croatian and Italian ports, but other Mediterranean ports as well, as well as a connection between the coastal parts and some single islands.Taking the Croatian naval orintationinto consideration the naval traffic must be present in a more significant way in all general economic criteria, specially those connected to the tourist needs of the country. Thus, the following would be necessary: the reevaluation of the extraordinary geo-traffic advantage of the Adriatic traffic direction, offering the opportunity to include the Croatian region into the main traffic flows, improving thus the Croatian coast and the ferry-boat navigation; to improve, in the technical, technological and organizational way the Croatian ports and connect them better to the north/the coastal region and the continent; to promote the use of the Croatian ports as very well positioned for realization of various economic activities, specially those connected to the touristic needs and to attract in such a way as many as possible traffic flows,tourists from Middle europe; to secure the purchase of new vessels, to modernize the existoig fleet and to enable the line fleet for a more satisfactory fulfilment of the transport needs, specially in regard to the Croatian economy and tourism; to improve the legal regulations so that the ports may obtain, as soon as possible and as appropriate as possible, the necessary fresh capital needed for the economy and the touristic activity, in order to interest small investment systems for the entrance with this economy branch. The foreseen airport net will cover, almost in full, the territory and the population needs in the zones of gravitation. The main airports in Croatia have already been built, so that there is no need for a new construction thereof. For the time being the priority lies in the improvement of the equipment as well as the quality of the service rendered by the existent airports (by the addition of new equipment for a better and safer use of every existing airport as well as regarding the services rendered to the aircraft and the passengers, that is, to build separate cargo terminals there where such need arises). Owing to the foreseen improvement of the economy circumstances and, specially, the enforcing of the tourist traffic in the air transport, Republic of Croatia may find itself in the need of some new aircrafts to service the existing airports. In one part this may be solved by the increase of the national transporter Croatia Airlines capacity in regard to special transports, by organizing new charter air craft companies or by a more intensive use of the existing European charter air companies. Next to the already constructed airports on the islands of Bra  and Loainj, the actual strategy of the Republic of Croatia traffic development foresees the construction of some small (tertiar) airports on some larger islands: the island of Hvar, Kor ula, Vis, Mljet, Lastovo, Rab, Pag, Dugi otok as well as in the vicnity of Imotski, Karlovac and Slavonski Brod. Taking the present level of the infrastructural development in Croatia as well as the necessities of tourism and its development trends, together with all other economic needs in the country, into consideration, a planned construction has no realistic base. Here I firstly have in mind the economic, without forgetting the social, justifiability of the airport construction. On the contrary, one should plan the connection of the existing airports with the remaining traffic types, specially with the islands and the coast as well as with the remaining road transport in other parts of the country. Development of the telecommunications system (communications) will quickly increase its role, and the continued construction of the system in Croatia is required. Specially a more dense, safe, modern and various system of the teleccommunication connections (nets) as in Croatia so towards other countries, it being a demand of the way of life in the civiulization, should be developed, owing not only to the needs of the economy and tourism develpoment but to the additional needs in the city and development centers as well. In order to connect even better with the world, one should increase the telecommunication net towards the Western Europe (connected through Hungary and the Adriatic Sea/a part of the system has already been built/) and to build an earth satellite station (TT and RTV connections). 5. DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TO SERVE TOURISM IN CROATIA The tourist capacities and their development cannot be considered without an approach in the sense of traffic. The development of tourism should be planned in connection to the possibilities and other capacities of the economy, as everything must be synchronized and coordinated. Thus, among other things, it would be necessary to : to organize an alternative form of the tourist offer by the development of the rural tourism in all of the Croatian territory; to affirm the offer of the medical and treatment tourism, specially in the areas boasting thermal springs; to enrich the tourism of the cities on the main traffic directions, by quality programs and contents, as a form of the transit tourism; one should as well build as soon as possible a quality sanation of the whole costal belt as well as in the attractive destinations of the continental part and to determine, by corresponding planning, the boundaries of the tourist activities; to influence the development of the infrastructure inCroatia, specially in regard to the modernization of the roads, the railways, the naval traffic and the telecommunication connections, while all this cannot be done without the cooperation with the tourism with full consideration of the tourist traffic and tourist offer. In order to view tourism and transportation and their functional ties in this light, it is essential that adequate and highly educated personnel of various profiles be included and manages both the current tasks and requirement and the future development of both transportation and tourism. The actual data shown in the Tables 1 and 2 present the survey of the Croatian tourism situation as well as the significance of the traffic for its development: Table 1 - Number of tourists and tourist days in Croatia for the time period 1996 till 2002 GodinaStrani turisti Domai turistiUkupnoStrana noenjaDomaa noenjaUkupno 1996. (I-IX)2.487.8971.040.7053.528.60216.0939544.430.09920.524.0531997.3.834.1861.371.5125.205.69824.696.9265.617.22130.314.1471998.4.111.5361.337.9405.449.47626.001.9365.285.56331.287.4991999.3.443.2321.307.3314.750.56321.348.8975.214.94826.563.8452000.5.337.6491.282.0356.619.68433.307.4085.098.52238.405.9302001.6.544.2171.315.5407.859.75738.383.6775.020.67743.404.3542002.6.944.3451.375.8588.320.20339.711.0644.981.39244.692.456 Source: Croatian Almanac, HINA, Zagreb 1998, ppa. 75-79: INFORMATION, State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 1999, Nr. 4.2/11; INFORMATION, State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 2001, Nr. 4.2/11; INFORMATION, State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 2003, Nr. 4.2/11; For the purpose of maintaining the forecasted growth in the number of tourists to Croatia, many corrections are required to the tourism offer. One of them surely being the traffic area as well as its infrastructure. Table 2 shows the number of arrivals and the tourist days in accordance with the land of origin for the 2000-2002 time period. Table 2 - Arrival and Tourist Days in Croatia in accordance with the Land of origin 2000.2001.2002.DolasciNoenjaDolasciNoenjaDolasciNoenjaUKUPNO5.337.64933.307.4086.544.21738.383.6776.944.34539.711.064Austrija511.8963.158.151686.8443.600.881690.3663.543.456BiH181.693889.876172.490801.555173.214787.299 eaka697.5214.713.186742.4854.921.354697.9024.560.486Italija886.4614.360.5071.059.8104.724.3131.099.4274.883496Maarska238.7741.403.295279.8251.553.600318.0151.732.576Nizozemska100.052895.316125.0871.058.838148.1401.204.240Njema ka919.7897.597.8811.299.7299.685.9911.481.65910.789.069Poljska274.9561.804.933391.8092.514.311358.0652.185.814Slova ka183.7401.243.795202.9051.335.005191.1761.223.480Slovenija818.8684.968.383876.9875.119.205869.9004.993.371Velika Britanija68.070387.646106.960542.096132.160660.725SAD50.340142.14752.446144.27658.529159.617Ost. izv.eur.zem.18.73664.59121.64470.39526.82187.630 Source: INFORMATION, State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 2001, Nr. 4.2/11; INFORMATION, State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 2003, Nr. 4.2/11; Table 2 shows that the largest number of Croatias foreign tourists come from those countries which have exceptionally well developed transportation infrastructure, so that their expectations in Croatia, regarding the infratsrucure, may be adequate. At the same time, the receptive tourist destinations of our competition boast a very well developed traffic system. If we do not wish to have the traffic and its infrastructure become one of the main limiting factors of the future growth and development of the Croatian tourism, the analytical data given should be used when determining the priorities in the traffic infrastructure construction, that is, when selecting the construction of the most favourable traffic directions connecting us with the countries from abroad. Aiming to the improvement of the touristic as well as the traffic offer one should take into account the correct evaluation of the investment priorities as regarding the construction of the traffic infrastructure, so regarding the development of some certain traffic types, but one should not, at the same time, neglect the internal connections of some Croatian regions with the tourist destinations. 5.1 Tourism as a means of promoting Croatia to European countries As a relatively young country, Croatia is pretty much unknown to the wider international community. Most countries still associate Croatia with its war which is relatively bad because such associations put its image in a negative category. Croatia is more readily recognised in Europe than in other areas of the world. In countries of the European Union and those countries awaiting membership to the union, other than the war, it is well known for its natural beauties and tourist potential. Ofcourse these traits are more readily identified with Croatia in countries from which most of our tourist come from. An independent survey carried out in 2002 amongst foreign diplomats in Zagreb, when asked the question where do the citizens of your country receive information about the Republic of Croatia? gave the following results: via the media 60%, personal experience (visit) 23% (mostly European countries), through friends and family 13% (mostly countries were there is a large Croatian community and bordering countries), through literature and film 4%. Concluding from this survey of foreign diplomats, it is obvious that as far as information concerning Croatia, it is the media and personal visits that are the largest identifiers. When questioned what do you personally associate with Croatia diplomats when given a number of options, chose the following categories : Sea and natural beauty -39%, former Yugoslavia  29%, war  14%, Josip Broz Tito  9%, Goran Ivaniaevi  4%, Janica Kosteli  5%, ties/ cravat  0%, cultural heritage  0% With this in mind it is altogether logical that the promotion of Croatia as a tourist destination is presently the most organised way that Croatia promotes itself to the world. It is precisely this type of promotion that the Croatian Tourist Authority with offices worldwide, tourist and marketing agencies, restaurant owners and self motivated towns and regions have worked on for a number of years. The promotion of tourism has two main goals: to inform potential guests about the holiday options available in Croatia and to point out the advantages and beauty of Croatia as a tourist country to the general public. Tourism is an excellent medium; you can promote everything through tourism. Culture, gastronomic-culture and the way of life. We have done much in the realm of tourism in the last seven to eight years.  Numerous worldwide media have published and reported very complimentary commentaries about our country, like stating it is the most attractive European destination, singing the praises of our sea, climate, architectural and historical richness of various locations and so forth. The world informative network CNN has two years in a row been co-organizer of a new years party in Dubrovnik. The renowned british publication The Financial Times (most well known financial magazine) and The Sunday Times (which sells about one million, three hundred thousand copies) in the summer of 2002 described Dubrovnik and its archipelago as the most attractive destination in Europe. 5.2 The development of traffic offering closer alignment to standards in the European Union Croatia is on its way to the European Union. Depending on its ability to adapt to European laws, regulations and standards and the strengthening of its image as far as democratic qualities and being economically sound to enter the European family, this path may be shortened or lengthened. Radovan Vukadinovic states the following concerning the political pretpostavke for entrance into the EU countries of south east Europe who would solve their inner problems and would meet the requirements for upholding pluralistic political systems, democracy, respect human and minority rights, offering concrete cooperation with the Haag tribunal would offcourse be better able to handle the possibility of their entering into combined action with the EU on an economic plan, which would inturn speed up the possibility of them entering the European Union. Vlatko Mileta in his works devoted to the European Union puts emphasis on economic prerequisites, that is the ability of each country to meet the European criteria, like the BDP, the state of its agriculture, infrastructure etc. The emphasis that the European Union places on traffic infrastructure within its borders and also on the European continent altogether is made apparent by many documents issued on this subject. One of these is the well known White Book about combined regulations concerning traffic development. The latest document of this kind, devoted to the development of transportation to the year 2010, was published in Brussels on the 12th of September 2001 by the European Commission. This White Book highlights that transportation systems should be optimized so as to meet the needs of expansion within the European Union and offer maintainable development in the manner that is set out in the conclusions drawn by the Gothenburg European Council. Modern transportation must be maintainable from both an economic and social standpoint, not excluding offcourse protection of the environment. The White Book recommends about 60 special measures which should be implemented within the Union concerning transport development. It includes an action plan continuing up to the year 2010, with intermediate indicators, specific supervision tasks and mid term revision in the year 2005 so as to check whether stated goals are being achieved or whether certain adaptations need to be made. Proposals a based on the following concrete directions: revitalisation of railroads, improvement of the quality in the sector of road travel, reaching a balance between growth in air travel and environment protection, the promotion of transportation by sea and in inner water ways, the transformation of intermodalities into reality, the construction of a trans-European transport network, increase in road safety, acceptance of effective payment policy, development of high quality inner city transport, research and technology offering clean and effective transportation, Management of globalization effects. The White Book devoted to the future of transportation in the European Union especially points out that the European Commission will present a more comprehensive revision of the direction of trans-European network direction, amongst other things, how to effectively connect with the outer regions of the European continent and also linking up the networks of candidate countries with those of countries of the European Union. It is important to note that it has been stressed that the networks of candidate countries for the European Union will be integrated into the Union network regardless of outcomes of negotiations concerning their membership. This fact is doubly important for Croatia: first it will enable certain integration with the EU but also necessitates standardisation and development of our own transport corridors which will become an integral part of European ones. In short, the long term goals of the European Commission can be defined in the following points: 1. Maintaining a balance between various types of transportation, (Increasing the quality of road traffic, revitalisation of railroads, control of growth of air transport, adaptation of nautical transportation and transport via internal water ways, linking various types of transportation) 2. Elimination of traffic jams (Unblocking major routes, multimodal corridors giving precedence to freight, fast passenger networks, improvement of traffic conditions, large projects routes through the Alps, a thoroughfare through the Pyrenees, safety in tunnels, financing problems) 3. Positioning the user as central to transport policies, (increasing safety on unsafe roads would halve the number of road deaths, harmonisation of traffic fines, new technologies for the increase of safety measures, rationalisation of prices paid by consumers of transportation, transportation with a human face integrated ticket issue, handling of luggage, non-stop travel..rationalisation of inner city transport variety of energy used in transport, give incentive for demand, experimentation, promotion of good practises, etc.) 4. Management of transport globalisation, (Expansion changes the starting point, an expanded Europe will have to prove itself of the world scene.) Regardless of how much these measures directly relate to Croatia, it is necessary that Croatia follow European traffic policy and that we try to adhere to these standards so as not to become and isolated island but an easily accessible pleasant neighbour and respected member of a large European family. With this in mind tourism can give added impetus to the development of traffic and in also to its recognisability, which is its major advantage in a merciless European market. 6. INSTEAD OF A CONCLUSION The combined strategic development of traffic and tourism in the Republic of Croatia other than contributing to increased prosperity and progressive growth of the country, offers itself to positively influencing its closer alignment to the European Union for a number of reasons.. Firstly, thanks to its comparative advantages Croatia can turn itself into one of the most elite (yet untouched) tourist destination in the European Union. Growth in this sector could speed up its acceptance into this institution and not only because of its attractiveness (even though this does play an important role) but because of the business advantages if offers being inside schengen borders. On the other hand the development of traffic infrastructure linking up Croatian cities and tourist destinations with European locations will bring about greater psychological and business connections between Croatia and the European Union. At the same time this will cause Croatia to align its traffic standards to those of the European Union, which is something that upcoming members of the European Union would sooner or later be obliged to do. The traffic and the tourism must be observed, in a comparative way and coordinate all its alternatives, as the results thereof represent a very important impulse for the development of the Croatian economy.Taking the above into consideration a necessity is imposed for better and more efficient connection between the traffic and the tourism in all areas, as in the domestic so in the international relations. In order to make the transport of the passengers, and even cargo, as rational as possible and to decrease the transportation costs one should, in all analyses and traffic branches, take the total public transportation into account and consider the necessities of the Croatian tourist market.For a further economic development, specially in regard to the tourism and the traffic, as well as their functional connection, among other things, highly professional personnel will be necessary so that they may render an adequate touristic and traffic service. In such a way the thus necessary suppositions in regard to the traffic development in the function of the motivation of tourism in the Republic of Croatia, could be met. LITERATURA - BIBLIOGRAPHY: Hrvatski almanah, HINA, Zagreb 1998.god. Bijela knjiga, Europska prijevozna politika do 2010., Komisija Europskih zajednica, Bruxelless, 2001. Alojz Brki, Silvestar Perae: Promet u Funkciji turizma, Zbornik radova; Sedmo meunarodno znanstveno-stru no savjetovanje Promet na prijelazu u 21. Stoljee; 15-16 travanj 1999.god, Opatija Davor Butkovi: Sumrak hrvatskoga turizma, Globus, 26. 7. 2002. Marko Golu~a: Promid~ba Hrvatske u svijetu, u Branimir Bili: Misli 21. stoljea, Globus, Zagreb, 2001. Marinko Jur evi: Strateaki ciljevi prometnog razvitka Republike Hrvatske s glediata tr~ianih uvjete; Doktorska disertacija; Ekonomski fakultet Zagreb, Zagreb, 2000. god. Jutarnji list, 12. sije nja 2003. Jutarnji list, 27. sije nja 2003. Adolf Mali, Dragan Badanjak, I.Jjuri: Prometne veze jadran_srednja Europa u svjetlu prometne strategije Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine, Zbornik radova Revalorizacija geoprometnog piolo~aja Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine u interesu obiju dr~ava, HAZU, Zagreb Prijedlog strategije prometnog razvitka RH; Vlada RH, Zagreb, 1999.god. PRIOPENJE, Dr~avni zavod za statistiku RH, Zagreb,1999.god. br.4.4.2/11 PRIOPENJE Dr~avni zavod za statistiku RH, Zagreb,2001.god. br.4.4.2/11; PRIOPENJE Dr~avni zavod za statistiku RH, Zagreb,2003.god. br.4.4.2/11 Bo~o Skoko: Image Hrvatske u meunarodnim odnosima, magistarski rad, Fakultet politi kih znanosti, Zagreb, 2003. Radovan Vukadinovi: Marginalizacija ili integracija jugoistoka Europe, Meunarodne studije, br.4, 2002. Vrijeme za promjene, UT  Ugostiteljstvo i turizam, br. 1, 2002 : http:/www.dzs.hr/Hrv/Stat.Informacije/Stat.info2000/Turizam.html  Information: State Institute for Statistics with the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 09.02.2001., Nr. 4.4/2/11  In accordance with the data from the Suggestion for the Traffic Development Strategy of Republic of Croatia  A. Mali, D. Badanjak, I. Juri: Prometne veze Jadran-Srednja Europa u svhjtlu prometne strategije Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine, Collection of Papers: Revalorizacija geoprometnog polo~aja Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine u interesu obiju dr~ava, HAZU, Zagreb, 1996, pp. 43-47Rep. of Croatia Government, Zagreb, 1999, pp. 84-91).  The elasticity coefficient represents the relation of the total coastal indentedness length, including the islands and the bays, calculated on the base of the air distance  A. Mali, D. Badanjak, I. Juri: Prometne veze Jadran-Srednja Europa u svjetlu prometne strategije Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine Collection of Papers: Revalorizacija geoprometnog polo~aja Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine u interesu obiju dr~ava), HAZU, Zagreb, 1996, pp. 43-47.  Tourism Higlights 2000, WTO, Madrid,2000  M.Jur evi; Strateaki ciljevi prometnog razvitka Republike Hrvatske s glediata tr~ianih uvjeta; Doktorska disertacija, Ekonomski fakultet Zagreb, Zagreb, 2000.  Ibid. page 245-248  A. Brki, S. Perae: Promet u funkciji turizma., Collection of Works: 7th Int. Scientific Professional Conference. Traffic on the Transition to the 21st century, Opatija 1999, pp. 24.29:  Bo~o Skoko: Image Hrvatske u meunarodnim odnosima, magistarski rad, Fakultet politi kih znanosti, Zagreb, 2003.  Marko Golu~a: Promid~ba Hrvatske u svijetu, u Branimir Bili: Misli 21. stoljea, Globus, Zagreb, 2001., str. 480.  Davor Butkovi: Sumrak hrvatskoga turizma, Globus, 26. 7. 2002., str. 14.  Radovan Vukadinovi: Marginalizacija ili integracija jugoistoka Europe, Meunarodne studije, br.4, 2002  Bijela knjiga, Europska prijevozna politika do 2010., Komisija Europskih zajednica, Bruxelless, 2001.  8J`{ , . @ VX\zK G"H"%%&&&&&'++++e-f-0.11516888=@>F>>??ABBBEǠ@B*OJQJ6@CJOJQJj0JOJQJU5OJQJmH j0J@OJQJU OJQJmH OJQJ@OJQJmH5CJ 5CJmH5@CJOJQJ5@OJQJ @OJQJCJmHCJ88pHJ^`y z { , . D F VXZ\|~()$$$$*$d$*$d(8pHJ^`y z { , . 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