Naslov
Public Monuments in Croatia in the Second Half of the 19th and the Early 20th Centuries – the State, the Opposition and the Commemoration of National Past

Autori
Damjanović, Dragan

Vrsta, podvrsta
Radovi u časopisima, znanstveni

Izvornik
City and its Memory (2022)

Status rada
Online first

Ključne riječi
Javni spomenici, javna skulptura, umjetnost 19. stoljeća, urbani prostor, Zagreb, Osijek, Anton Dominik Fernkorn, Ivan Rendić, Robert Frangeš Mihanović, Rudolf Valdec
(Public Monuments, Public Sculpture, 19th Century Art, Urban Space, Zagreb, Osijek, Anton Dominik Fernkorn, Ivan Rendić, Robert Frangeš Mihanović, Rudolf Valdec)

Sažetak
The spread of national ideologies in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century in Croatia, as well as in other parts of Europe, led to extensive commemoration of significant historical figures and events through public monuments. Which persons will be commemorated and where the monuments will be built in all European countries was determined in the first place by the political structures that were in power, both at the local and state level. If there was a conflict between local and state authorities, it often had its reflection in the public sculpture, as the case of the Austro-Hungarian Croatia shows, that is the situation in the biggest cities of this province, namely Zagreb and Osijek, which will be the focus of this paper. The timeframe of this text represents, roughly, the so-called Dualist period, the period from the Austro-Hungarian (1867), and Croatian-Hungarian (1868) Compromises and the end of the First World War. The Austro-Hungarian Compromise created the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, a Dual Empire divided into two almost independent countries – the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. Present-day Croatia is comprised of the territories that belonged to both parts of this Empire. This text will deal with the history of public sculpture of one of these territories – Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia (shortly called Croatia or Croatia-Slavonia) that in 1867 became part of the Kingdom of Hungary, and, according to the Croatian-Hungarian Compromise, gained special, semi-autonomous status. Croatian Government controlled independently internal, judicial, educational and religious affairs, while all other government departments were under jurisdiction of Budapest. The Croatian Government was headed by a Ban (prime minister). As the Emperor and King in Vienna appointed the Ban on the proposal of the Hungarian prime minister, most of the Croatian governments in the Dualist period were pro-Hungarian. This circumstance, as well as the fact that Croatia did not have financial independence, was sharply criticized by Croatian opposition politicians, who pointed out that Croatia's political position in the Hungarian part of the Monarchy slowed down Croatia's economic development and that the country was exposed to Hungarian cultural colonization. The political frustrations caused by the impossibility of changing the dualist political system in the Monarchy led to a strong growth of nationalism which was reflected in the field of public sculpture as well.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Arhitektura i urbanizam, Povijest, Povijest umjetnosti, Likovne umjetnosti, Dizajn

POVEZANOST RADA