Naslov
Implication of snacking patterns on body mass index in school-age children in Croatia

Autori
Ilić, Ana ; Marić, Lucija ; Bituh, Martina ; Rumbak, Ivana ; Karlović, Tea ; Brečić, Ružica ; Colić Barić, Irena

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 46 / - , 2021, 622-623

Skup
ESPEN on Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Mjesto i datum
Online;, 09.09.2021. - 14.09.2021

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
childhood ; nutritional status ; snacking habits ; snacking frequency

Sažetak
Snacking contributes to the total intake of energy and nutrients. However, snacking of nutritive-low and energy-dense foods may lead to poor dietary quality and consequently to inadequate nutritional status. The aim of this study was to observe snacking patterns regarding body mass index (BMI) of school-age children in Croatia. Snacking patterns were assessed using dietary record for three non-consecutive days in children (n=156 ; 50% boys) aged 8.3 ± 0.5 years from Zagreb City. Snacks were defined as meals which contribute <15% to energy intake. Snacks were also analysed according to the proportion they contribute to total daily energy and intake of food groups. Foods and beverages from snacks were assigned to one of the 14 food groups: fruits and vegetables (FV), potato and grains (PG), dairy products (DP), sweet dairy products (SDP), meat and fish (MF), meat and fish products (MFP), legume, seeds and nuts (LSN), fats (F), salty snacks (SS), sweets and cakes (SC), juices (J), ready-to-eat cereals (RC), mixed dishes (MD) and other food (OF). Anthropometric measurements were performed according to standard protocols, while z-scores were obtained using AnthroPlus software. Physical activity level (PAL) was estimated using a Physical activity questionnaire for children. Children were divided in three clusters with K- Means cluster analysis toward BMI-age z-score, snacking frequency and total energy contribution from snacks. Children in cluster 1 on average had adequate BMI (z-score: -0.2 ± 0.1) and the highest frequency of snacking (3.6 ± 0.1 per day ; 29.4 ± 0.1% kcal/day). Children in cluster 2 had adequate BMI (z-score: -0.3 ± 0.1), but have the lowest frequency of snacking (1.5 ± 0.1 per day ; 11.5 ± 0.7% kcal/day). In cluster 3, children were overweight (z-score: 1.6 ± 0.1) and they had 2.1 ± 0.1 snacks per day (18.1 ± 0.9% kcal/day). There was no difference in children’s PAL between clusters. Children in cluster 1 had significant higher total daily energy intake (1967 ± 61 kcal) compared with children in cluster 2 (1572 ± 37 kcal) and 3 (1672 ± 90 kcal). Snacking by children in cluster 1 made a significantly higher contribution to total intake of FV, PG, DP, MF and OF, but also of MFP, F, SC, RC and MD compared with children in cluster 2. Also, children in cluster 1 had a higher intake of PG and DP, as well as MFP, F, SC and MD through snacking compared with children in cluster 3. There was no difference in overall contribution to the intake of food groups in through snacking between children in cluster 2 and 3. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that high BMI was determined by snacking frequency and pattern. However, using an approach where snacks are defined only according to energy content, results may implicate that meals might be as important for adequate nutritional status as snacking patterns, but further research is warranted.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Nutricionizam

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