ࡱ> vxuO >bjbj :BeeIB5B5CCCCCCCC8CLD,CRlNKDaDwDwDwDFFFkkkkkkk$pVsk]CFoFoF"FFkCCwDwD lIIIFCwDCwDkIFkII X|YwD0sG|Xuk"l0RlX tG t$YY tCiZ FFIFFFFFkkHFFFRlFFFF tFFFFFFFFFB5 MB: Open Election Data: Evidence from Croatia Petra urman1, Dario Niki akar2, Davor Boban3 1 Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb 1Zagreb, Croatia2 Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb 1Zagreb, Croatia3IFaculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb 1Zagreb, Croatia Potential benefits of different categories of open data have already been well documented in the literature (1-2(. Different types of institutional and political data such as data on state organizations and public sector authorities, their functioning, election data and similar - are particularly important for democratic legitimacy of politico-administrative system. Since transparency represents conditio sine qua non democratic electoral process, information on different aspects of electoral organizations and processes - data on election and referendum results, campaign financing, electoral management bodies, voter lists, etc. constitute crucial element for ensuring the legitimacy and citizens trust in politico-democratic processes. Accurate, complete and good quality election open data can enhance the electoral integrity and accountability by providing detailed information on electoral process not only to selected stakeholders, but to general interested public civil society organizations, journalists, electoral observers, scientists and individuals in general (3-5(. As a result, general public can better understand the electoral process and make informed decisions. On the other hand, media, journalists and scientists - as primary users of open election data are enabled to reuse the data for scientific and professional analyses, predictions, interpretations, and similar. Open election data include different information on electoral process: electoral results, referendum results, information on election campaigns and campaign financing, information on electoral management bodies, legal framework, political party and candidate registration, voter lists, information on polling stations, electronic voting and counting, electoral complaints and election security (3(. However, in practice open election data are often reduced to election results, or they are not published in open formats, which diminishes its vast democratic potential. The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the open election data sub-ecosystem in Croatia, focusing on regulatory and policy framework, features of the portal/website and providers, data availability, quality and use. The main research question refers to the availability and quality of open election data in Croatia in comparative and national-specific perspective. In order to do so, desk research and content analyses of internet documents, portals and other websites are applied. With regard to policy/regulatory framework, a systemic regulation of open data is in place, with some specific regulation referring election open election data. Type of available open election data includes election results, financing of political activities and campaign financing, and information on polling stations. Election data encompass open data on presidential elections, parliamentary elections, elections for the European Parliament, local elections, elections for national minorities councils and representatives, and data on the referendum (national, local and consultative). The owner and provider of these data is State Electoral Commission (Dr~avno izborno povjerenstvo, DIP), which publishes data on election results, election campaign financing and regular financing of political activities on its official website. Election results data in open formats can be found on the national Open Data Portal as well. Croatia can be assessed as follower with respect to the availability and quality of open election data, with some serious deficiencies (metadata, types of data available, etc.), but strengths as well (data on electoral/political financing). At the demand side there is a problem of low level of familiarity and use of open (election) data, even between the scientists as potential primary users. KEY WORDS Open election data; State Electoral Commission; data availability; data quality; Croatia. REFERENCES Charalabidis, Y. et al.: The World of Open Data: Concepts, Methods, Tools and Experiences. Springer, Cham, 2018. van Loenen, B., Vancauwenberghe, G. and Crompvoets, J., eds.: Open data exposed. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 2018. Wolf, P.: Open Data in Electoral Administration. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronic Voting, October 24-27, 2017. TUT Press, Tallinn, 2017. Willis, D., Merivaki, T. and Ziogas I.: Election Data Transparency: Obtaining Precinct-Level Election Returns. Public Integrity, 2021. DOI:10.1080/10999922.2021.1883854,  HYPERLINK "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10999922.2021.1883854?journalCode=mpin20" https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10999922.2021.1883854?journalCode=mpin20, Chen, C.-C., Chen, W.-S. and Lin Y.-J.:TVXprvһqZ@*+h[95h[95CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH 2h hBo5CJOJQJ^JaJmH nH sH u,h<+5CJOJQJ^JaJmH nH sH u/h 5CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH nH sH u,h:5CJOJQJ^JaJmH nH sH u5hVh:5CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH nH sH u,h 5CJOJQJ^JaJmH nH sH u h hBo&hhBo5CJ$OJQJmH nH u$h 5CJ$OJQJmH nH sH uVX , ]M8$ p#$If]a$gd[95$$If]a$gd[95AkdB$$Iflp###44 layt# $$Ifa$gdAkd$$Ifl p###44 layt#$h$If]a$gd<+ * , . 0   % & ' ( ȭڜze^zMB; h)|h hQh mH sH  h h CJOJQJmH sH  h h (h h CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 4h[95h B*CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH phsH  h h[95 h h[95CJOJQJmH sH 4h[95h[95B*CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH phsH "h[95CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "h CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH %h CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH , .  $ % & mXX$ p#$If]a$gd Akd$$Ifllp###44 layt#$$If]a$gd Akd$$Ifllp###44 layt% & ' ( Xde|rha<gdhgBCJaJmHnHsH u3hc h[0J%>*B*CJaJmHnHphsH u,jhc h[CJUaJmHnHsH u#hK KhK KCJaJmHnHsH uhc aJmHnHsH uhK KCJaJmHnHsH u#hc h[CJaJmHnHsH uh[h[aJmHnHsH u#h"B5hz>|>~>>$ p#<a$gdjPTgd{$a$gdDgds $dNgd $&dPa$gd}$&dPa$gd,>.>t>v>xndbdRBhWtOJQJ^JmHnHsHh~XOJQJ^JmHnHsHUhWtOJQJ^Jh{OJQJ^Jh(!h{OJQJ^Jh~XOJQJ^J$h(!h{OJQJ^JmHnHsHhe'OJQJ^JmHnHsHh{OJQJmHnHsHhb{hDhDOJQJmH sH he'CJOJQJmHsHhjPTCJOJQJmHsHhe'6CJOJQJmHsHSveu iliata u Zagrebu, Sv. irila i Metoda 4, 10000 Zagreb. v>x>z>|>~>>hQ2>$R0 Body Text 3#xCJaJX/AX#0Body Text 3 CharCJ^JaJmHnHsH tH u:U`Q: R0 Hyperlink>*B*^Jph2X a2 REmphasis 6]^JDZrD (R0 Plain Text'OJQJ^JtHuV/V'J0Plain Text CharCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu*/* R0Legal 1^J\\ +N0 Footnote Text*7$8$CJOJQJ^JaJmHsHu\/\ *0Footnote Text Char CJOJQJ^JaJmHsHtH J>J -N0Title ,7$8$a$5CJ \aJ mHsHuB/B ,0 Title Char5CJ \^JaJ tH HH/0 Balloon Text.CJOJQJ^JaJb/b.azm0Balloon Text Char'CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHsH tH uF' F w0Comment Reference CJ^JaJrr "0 Table Grid7:V101CJaJV"V t10 BulletShort2 F7a$CJaJmH$sH$u4!"4 t10 BulletLong3<JBJ t10 TableEntry 47a$]mH$sH$uXRX 0List Paragraph 5^m$CJaJmH$sH$tH$uH/bH 0List 6^`m$CJaJmH$sH$tH$uN^rN 0 Normal (Web)7dd[$\$ CJaJuTT 0 auth_list8dd[$\$CJaJmH$sH$tH$uL+L :-: 0 Endnote Text9OJQJ^JmHsHuV/V 9-: 0Endnote Text CharOJQJ^J_HmHsHtH B* B -: 0Endnote ReferenceH*^J8a 8 -: 0 HTML Cite B* ^Jph""\\ azm0 HEADING-2=dh1$H$a$5CJ OJQJ^J aJtHu\\ azm0 HEADING-1>d1$H$a$5CJ$OJ QJ ^J aJtHu,/, azm0citation^J6/6 azm0 briefcittitle^J8/8 azm0briefcitdetail^J2/!2 azm0 mw-headline^JF 1F j0Placeholder Text B*^JphVTBV 0 Block TextD]^a$@CJPJu^CR^ F0Body Text IndentE]`a$ CJPJuZ/aZ E0Body Text Indent CharCJPJ^JmH sH tH RYrR H0 Document MapGM OJPJ QJud/d G0Document Map Char)OJPJ QJ^JmH q sH tH ^R^ J0Body Text Indent 2I^a$ @PJu^/^ I0Body Text Indent 2 Char@PJ^JmH sH tH r/r 0Instll#K$ 0*$5$7$8$9DH$a$$@CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH S M0Body Text Indent 3GL 1 Ibz#(*$5$7$8$9DH$VDd^d^a$ @PJu^/^ L0Body Text Indent 3 Char@PJ^JmH sH tH 0/0 0 Document 8^J:/: 0 Document 456CJ^J0/0 0 Document 6^J0/0 0 Document 5^JD/!D 0 Document 2CJOJQJ^JmH sH 0/10 0 Document 7^J2/A2 0 Bibliogrphy^J|/R| 0 Right Par 1+U 0*$5$7$8$9DH$^ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH ~/b~ 0 Right Par 2.V 0*$5$7$8$9DH$^ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH D/qD 0 Document 3CJOJQJ^JmH sH / 0 Right Par 31X 0pp*$5$7$8$9DH$^p CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH / 0 Right Par 44Y 0p@ @ *$5$7$8$9DH$^@ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH / 0 Right Par 57Z 0p@ *$5$7$8$9DH$^ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH / 0 Right Par 6:[ 0p@ *$5$7$8$9DH$^ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH / 0 Right Par 7=\  0p@ *$5$7$8$9DH$^ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH / 0 Right Par 8@] 0p@ *$5$7$8$9DH$^ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH r/r 0 Document 1#^$$ 0*$5$7$8$9DH$ CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH ,/, 0Doc Init^JB/B 0 Tech InitCJOJQJ^JmH sH z/z 0 Technical 5%a 0*$5$7$8$9DH$`#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH z/"z 0 Technical 6%b 0*$5$7$8$9DH$`#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH F/1F 0 Technical 2CJOJQJ^JmH sH F/AF 0 Technical 3CJOJQJ^JmH sH r/Rr 0 Technical 4e 0*$5$7$8$9DH$#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH F/aF 0 Technical 1CJOJQJ^JmH sH z/rz 0 Technical 7%g 0*$5$7$8$9DH$`#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH z/z 0 Technical 8%h 0*$5$7$8$9DH$`#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH x/x 0 Rubrik-kap%i *$5$7$8$9DH$`#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH / 0 Avsnb-h?9j 0p1 *$5$7$8$9DH$^1 ` CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH 4/4 0 Hng-stycke^J</< 0RubrikCJOJQJ^JmH sH 4/4 0 Indrag 1:a r^Jr/r 0 Rubrik-avsnn 0*$5$7$8$9DH$#5CJOJPJQJ_HmH sH tH pp 0 innehll 1-o$ *$5$7$8$9DH$]^`0CJOJPJQJull 0 innehll 2)p$ *$5$7$8$9DH$]^`0CJOJPJQJull 0 innehll 3)q$ *$5$7$8$9DH$]^p`0CJOJPJQJul"l 0 innehll 4)r$ *$5$7$8$9DH$]^@ `0CJOJPJQJul2l 0 innehll 5)s$ *$5$7$8$9DH$]^`0CJOJPJQJuhBh 0 innehll 6%t$*$5$7$8$9DH$^`0CJOJPJQJu`R` 0 innehll 7u*$5$7$8$9DH$^`0CJOJPJQJuhbh 0 innehll 8%v$*$5$7$8$9DH$^`0CJOJPJQJuhrh 0 innehll 9%w$ *$5$7$8$9DH$^`0CJOJPJQJull 0citatfrteckningx$*$5$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJuVV 0 beskrivningy5$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJu:/: 0_Equation CaptionJV J 0FollowedHyperlink>*B* ^JphD& D 0Footnote ReferenceH*^J/ 0MathematicaCellInput }7$8$H$25CJOJ PJQJ \^J _HaJmH nHsH tHZ/Z 0MathematicaFormatStandardFormOJ QJ X X 0 No Spacing(CJOJPJQJ^J_HaJmH sH tH ^/^ 0No Spacing Char(CJOJPJQJ^J_HaJmH sH tH ,L, 0DatePJu>/!> 0 Date CharPJ^JmH sH tH .W 1. 0Strong 5\^JXBX 0copyrighttext2 B*CJ_HaJnHphffftHuPRP 0 pubonline2 B*CJ_HaJnHphffftHu$/a$ 0name^J./q. 0 forenames^J</< 0smallcapitals3:^J*/* 0surname^J*/* 0address^J*/* 0number3^JNN 0para3 d\$ B*CJ _HaJ nHph333tHuF/F 75Lbjegyzet-karakterekH*Rv!R [0Unresolved MentionB*ph`^\q PK![Content_Types].xmlN0EH-J@%ǎǢ|ș$زULTB l,3;rØJB+$G]7O٭VGRU1a$N% ʣꂣKЛjVkUDRKQj/dR*SxMPsʧJ5$4vq^WCʽ D{>̳`3REB=꽻Ut Qy@֐\.X7<:+& 0h @>nƭBVqu ѡ{5kP?O&Cנ Aw0kPo۵(h[5($=CVs]mY2zw`nKDC]j%KXK 'P@$I=Y%C%gx'$!V(ekڤք'Qt!x7xbJ7 o߼W_y|nʒ;Fido/_1z/L?>o_;9:33`=—S,FĔ觑@)R8elmEv|!ո/,Ә%qh|'1:`ij.̳u'k CZ^WcK0'E8S߱sˮdΙ`K}A"NșM1I/AeހQתGF@A~eh-QR9C 5 ~d"9 0exp<^!͸~J7䒜t L䈝c\)Ic8E&]Sf~@Aw?'r3Ȱ&2@7k}̬naWJ}N1XGVh`L%Z`=`VKb*X=z%"sI<&n| .qc:?7/N<Z*`]u-]e|aѸ¾|mH{m3CԚ .ÕnAr)[;-ݑ$$`:Ʊ>NVl%kv:Ns _OuCX=mO4m's߸d|0n;pt2e}:zOrgI( 'B='8\L`"Ǚ 4F+8JI$rՑVLvVxNN";fVYx-,JfV<+k>hP!aLfh:HHX WQXt,:JU{,Z BpB)sֻڙӇiE4(=U\.O. +x"aMB[F7x"ytѫиK-zz>F>75eo5C9Z%c7ܼ%6M2ˊ 9B" N "1(IzZ~>Yr]H+9pd\4n(Kg\V$=]B,lוDA=eX)Ly5ot e㈮bW3gp : j$/g*QjZTa!e9#i5*j5ö fE`514g{7vnO(^ ,j~V9;kvv"adV݊oTAn7jah+y^@ARhW.GMuO "/e5[s󿬅`Z'WfPt~f}kA'0z|>ܙ|Uw{@՘tAm'`4T֠2j ۣhvWwA9 ZNU+Awvhv36V`^PK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 0_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!g theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] 8B 5aHK( ~^66v>> , & e25>[Xay{K!T # @ (    dd @. L`TL`T#" ?0(  B S  ?K{@AFU \ ] d e q eqDNUWXa2,z}3dk-2  gcde **+dk-2  gcde    (**+} V>ZCAR*vM^;2?RLmn^Ҁ,H p$δh;^`56789;<>*CJEHH*OJQJS*o(hH)h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH. ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o pp^p`OJQJo( @ @ ^@ `OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o PP^P`OJQJo( :^`:OJQJo(^`^Jo(. pp^p`OJQJo( @ @ ^@ `OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o PP^P`OJQJo(P^`P56CJOJQJ^Jo([]^`^J.pLp^p`L^J.@ @ ^@ `^J.^`^J.L^`L^J.^`^J.^`^J.PLP^P`L^J.^`o(. ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.hh^h`o([]^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.vM?Rmn^>ZCA,H pN<         X$$$$$$$$<5        mQ PPPP5a  @ePPPPl)g"W3h3W3h3 Hg" @eH@I~5a PPPP=069SbrLObgotwwuqIzE#4\LPeUlb{00_lrrEOrA " _8  5/ 2 GN y |  " 9- B ^ w   P \ g pl -: OW sY ?b g%. /D`-2lM'&Fz cmyF"BoDFrHsmVNNO3r46[L}5GH)$?JVrpn b7Fjr {ow|) {3HHzII/6:}K0PRcf'*Z ( 7 T {X j y #| !G!EL!P!d!6k!)"d:"D"H"#P##[3$ V$i %x>%G%Y%iW&'-M'8_'e'(p (SH()-)=)a)d)t*K*M* +:%+g*+,+n,-,D,G,-x.u.x../A/i 0/0 <0e>0a0Eb0q081t1#2F2_P2x2 303]33b3 44 5%51+575[95:5.Y5m5!6=6W6[6b6Rw6v7&70767X7\7O]78i&8u6868S8[8Nr8#:L:XQ:X]:a`:d}:;q;W~;>`>Ji> ?&?2?F?^_?=e?m?)v?@@5@mj@o A A'ADAGA>qA`3BQBHeBgBJC&CHCXxC3#Da;DID4OESE3wE~EXFKFsFtGy+G3G;]GqGwG:zGH>HIHMHVH\H 0IglI,JK K](K~/K4iKgL LMLNLhsL=M&MiCMVM%lM#3NaRNtdNOQ Q$QxQRR RRr,RoKR^R$`RtR SSt@SkXS9TDTjPT'WT_lT-JJ_np dKi{?*DBIS&\]uuxg~]l''MP^xD034V=P[(}9: GWegs&0.5\<LGewyZ>} -3g*]2UInRy & =]C{s}wy[#Rjyh h56:)91<BCTf*<+JypO<5kP!s9R\q8Khcv"W}Ad{ Hy(BY8n7r4U=RnwGI`}%%q1!.]AEmrQ5u5LVgX}9S hin % +]ix}kBx4,2>^;3 7T[[Ro(]2%49YHvSUw=am:8Fn-^0#AJW!G/_Mf&DWr2:IOWt*=I}B ? {,3,FG%b(2]?L#y AZ[$f!h$@9H{X[ZZYinYEFlxq*0VMe=ViEl 8=C{W p'Qxc0.? A?\d )c-B;Uf3 )QYbDeprF<"(JTf#y%#EUGy \;Es:8: ^fx*?jS_phjl`s4F0pO7 ~(w*K2StdG~),=$hyc a1p\aa3b}3+T>f$)Yu||!T"iIde7<mkW?["LKO~S}-N5*-^R/Gi6<bAX3|c}TwuA}Vgx2E %LSmtv@cJ2Jp4 @R| :xKNQ(Rt\ +ar{ X!F fHW^ md i elvW]jCz"DR`Yah]s}CvonPN8h!)+3Xs} #*g,|ET4Xg;-bey y j**92BFMNsuWzidu:f~%=8B5BQ "FuH{Wrc^!#&nQfwFy /:F1ILEINmquJ`zLD@X @0@h@6>UnknownG*Cx Times New Roman5Symbol3& *Cx Arial;|i0Batang7$BCambriaG=  jMS Mincho-3 fg?=.Cx Courier New5..[`)Tahoma7&@Calibri9q ?Tahoma;. ?.TahomaK=   jMS Gothic-3 00003.[x Times75 Courier=. Cordia NewC&,{ @Calibri Light;WingdingsA$BCambria Math#q0gr % %!20 2qP  ?m?2!xx7n PD:\casopisi\indecs\indecs_volumes\indecs-10-2\indecs-10-2-doc\indecs2012-pp-.dot$      Oh+'0 ( H T `lt|(template for INDECS, http://indecs.euindecs2012-pp-1Microsoft Office Word@@f?~@t_ ՜.+,D՜.+, `hpx  %   Title, 8@ _PID_HLINKSAXUhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10999922.2021.1883854?journalCode=mpin20  !#$%&'()+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfghijklnopqrstwRoot Entry F0yData "1Table*DtWordDocument:BSummaryInformation(eDocumentSummaryInformation8mCompObjr  F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q