Naslov
Allergenicity of copper in tattoo inks: prevalence and potential mechanisms of copper sensitisation

Autori
Varnai, Veda Marija ; Murray, Brendan

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, ostalo

Izvornik
Book of abstracts / Kontoghiorghes, G.J. - Pafos, 2019, 55-55

Skup
10th International Conference: Recent Advances in Health and Medical Sciences (RAHMS 2019)

Mjesto i datum
Paphos, Cipar, 26.06.2019. - 03.07.2019

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Pozvano predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Copper, sensitisation, tattoo inks

Sažetak
Introduction: Although copper and its salts are not classified as skin sensitisers, human data indicate that copper has the potential to induce a limited allergenic response. Since copper is present in many contemporary tattoo inks, the potential risks for tattooed individuals and the uncertainties of this assessment are discussed. Methods: The assessment is based on the data provided in the documents proposing restriction of hazardous substances used in tattoo inks and permanent make-up ; the review article of Fage et al. ; and on the results from an in-depth Web of Science literature search. Discussion and Conclusions: Copper appears to have low sensitizing potential in humans and experimental animals. Nevertheless, human data indicate that copper can cause contact allergic dermatitis following skin contact with some copper alloys ; allergic mucosal reactions in patients with copper-containing dental materials ; and generalised allergic reactions in women of reproductive age with the copper intrauterine device. The potential mechanisms of copper allergenicity will be discussed. Copper is present in a number of tattoo inks: in stable green and blue phthalocyanine complexes, but also in black pigments based on copper oxide, as well as an impurity in a variety of pigments. However, there appears to be only one case from the available literature describing tattoo-related adverse skin reactions possibly caused by hypersensitivity to copper. The low prevalence of reported copper-related reactions to tattoo inks could be due to the low sensitisation potential of copper, but also due to the questionable relevance of patch testing in individuals with intradermal exposure to copper, or due to underreporting of adverse tattoo-related changes. The proposed restriction of hazardous substances used in tattoo inks and permanent make-up should, if adopted, improve the monitoring of adverse tattoo-related reactions and encourage further research in this field.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita

POVEZANOST RADA