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Organophosphate pesticide in water

Pesticide pollution of surface water and groundwater has been recognized as a major problem in many countries because of their persistence in aquatic environment and potential adverse health effects. Pesticides in the streams are a potential concern for human health if they affect a drinking water source or occur where there is a recreational use such as bathing and swimming. They also are a potential concern for aquatic life and ecosystems in all streams. Although the primary issue for groundwater is drinking water quality, groundwater may also play a role as a source of pesticides contamination to surface water sources. Organophosphate (OP) compounds are a group of pesticides that includes some of the most toxic chemicals used in agriculture. OP compounds are esters, anhydrides or halides of fully substituted phosphorous, phosphonic or phosphinic acid. For these compounds central the phosphor atom must form five bonds, R1 and R2 may be alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, mono- or dialkylamino groups. The leaving group L is attached to the phosphorous atom with the weaker bond. OP toxicity is due to the ability of these compounds to inhibit an enzyme, acetyl cholinesterase at cholinergic junctions of the nervous system. This review will deal with the chemical structure of OP compounds, its health impacts, poisoning, metabolism of OPs, pesticides analysis, and major modes and pathways for degradation of organophosphate pesticides.

: organophosphate pesticides, poisoning, pesticides analysis, degradation

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