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Role of oxidants and antioxidants in degenerative diseases development: in vitro models

Cells of our organism are permanently exposed to different endogenous and exogenous oxidants, originated from basal metabolism, immune reactions, xenobiotics, detoxyfing processes and intermediates formed during biotransformations. At cellular level, oxidants cause DNA damage, oxidation of the proteins and destruction of lipids by lipid peroxidation chain reactions. On the other hand, numerous chemicals (of exogenous or endogenous origin) easily interacts with reactive oxidative species, preventing macromolecules destruction and consequently, damages of the cells and tissues. Significant role in this oxidative/antioxidative balance play bioactive compounds from plants, fruits or vegetables. Under certain circumstances, these compounds can decrease level of oxidative damage, but at the same time, under some other circumstances they can enhance prooxidative response. There are different assays for measurement of the antioxidant status and oxidative damage. The simplest ones are chemical in vitro reactions and tests in cell cultures. They can yield useful information about mechanisms of action, but extrapolation to effects of dietary antioxidants in vivo is not simple and often it may be incorrect, because uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, influence of microflora and metabolism are not considered. In this presentation some of in vitro models for detection of prooxidative/antioxidative effects will be presented, including the most common biomarkers that are measured in order to determine changes of cellular macromolecules that are the first step in the development of degenerative diseases.

oxidative damage, , antioxidants, degenerative diseases, biomarkers, phytochemicals

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