engleski

Myocardial infarction and thrombophilia: easy to miss the correct diagnosis

Background: Myocardial infarction with ST elevation has incidence rate ranged from 43 to 144 per 100 000 per year1. Differentiation of arterial thrombosis from most common causes of myocardial infarc-tion, rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaque, especially in younger patients without or less cardio-vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis, can be challenging. Case report: 47-years-old lady was admitted to our clinic 1 hour after onset of a chest pain. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were positive family history, dyslipidemia and nicotinism. ECG revealed ST elevation from V1-V4 to 3 mm. Just after ECG was performed, the patient was defibrillated with 120J because of ventricular fibrillation. An emergency coronary angiography pointed out a thrombotic occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, treated with implantation of the drug- eluting stent (3.0x18 mm). Before discharge echocardiography showed non-dilated left ventricle with mild reduction in systolic function (EF 45-50%). Hypokinesis of apical segment of anterior wall and apex was noted with unexpected two prominent sessile thrombi. Initial therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin was changed in clopidogrel, aspirin, nadroparin initially until the therapeutic range was achieved with warfarin. During the triplet therapy due to a menorrhagia severe anemia occurs, treated with intrauterine levonorgestrel release device. Thrombophilia test showed that lady is homozygous for MTHFR and heterozygous for the PAI1 mutation. Discussion: Inherited thrombophilia is a genetic disorder predisposing thrombosis which may occa-sionally manifest, usually in the presence of trigger factors2. It induces a hypercoagulable state, which, together with other cardiovascular risk factors, may explain the arterial thrombosis in this younger patient and thrombus formation in the ventricle, although time to balloon time was less than two hours and without aneurysmal formation of the left ventricle. It seems like thrombophilia may favor myocardial infarction, but is not able to cause it per se3. Conclusion: Inherited thrombophilia is responsible for a small percentage of acute myocardial infarctions, and should be suspected mostly in younger patients. An absence of diagnosis leads to inad-equate therapy and poor prognosis .

myocardial infarction, thrombophilia, thrombus

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