engleski

The effect of smoking on the subgingival microbiota in young adults

Background and aim. The relation of cigarette smoking to the composition of the subgingival microbiota is not clear. Some studies found higher levels of certain species in smokers, while other studies failed to detect differences between subjects with different smoking histories. The aim of this study is to investigate how smoking is associated with the prevalence of subgingival bacteria in young adults without clinical signs of periodontal disease. Methods. In this study 64 periodontally healthy participants, aged 25-35, were enrolled and equally divided in two groups, smokers and non- smokers. Participants filled in a structured questionnaire regarding their smoking status, general health and oral hygiene habits. Four clinical variables were recorded: aproximal plaque index (API), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The absence of periodontal disease was defined as absence of sites with PPD of >3 mm in any tooth and BoP >0.25. Subgingival plaque samples were collected with sterile paper points from two first molars (16 and 46) for further microbiological analyses. MALDI TOF mass spectrometry was used for bacterial identification. Results. 63 different bacterial species from 5 phyla (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes) were detected. Smokers showed a higher abundance of Fusobacterium phyla compared to non- smokers. No difference in abundance of aerobic bacteria was recorded between groups, but smokers showed a higher abundance of anaerobic bacteria compared to non-smokers. Smokers showed a higher prevalence of A. odontolyticus (p=0.026). Non- smokers showed a higher prevalence of S. sanguinis (p=0.049). Conclusion. Smoking affects the subgingival microbiota in periodontally healthy young adults and is responsible for the depletion of beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Further studies with a larger sample are needed to enhance our understanding of smoking on the subgingival microbiota.

smoking ; subgingival microbiota ; periodontal microbiome

nije evidentirano