engleski

Orchid diversity within Herbarium Croaticum sensu stricto and Herbarium Ivo and Marija Horvat collections

Following the recent trend in herbaria, digitisation of collections within Herbarium Croaticum (ZA) and Herbarium Ivo and Marija Horvat (ZAHO) has initiated in 2015. With over 200.000 herbarium specimens, ZA Collection is the oldest and the largest herbarium collection in Croatia, while the ZAHO Collection stores as many as 78.000 specimens. Digitised collections allow public access to such information via herbarium-based databases (virtual herbaria), which makes them more broadly useful and improves scientific research. In our study, a large collection of orchids was chosen for digitisation. Our aims were to digitise the collection of orchids and analyse the related herbarium sheets to provide the taxonomical, spatial and temporal data and, finally, estimate the average time required to digitise one herbarium sheet. Prior to digitising, we verified the taxonomy of our specimens, revealed synoyms and specified the hybrids. Plant material was cleaned, dusted, translocated and mounted with pH neutral adhesive tape to new format of herbarium sheets adequate for scanning, on which the herbarium labels were also glued. Herbarium sheets were scanned using the inversed Epson Expression 11000XL Pro A3 scanner, to produce image files with .tiff extension, with resolution of 300 dpi. Finally, high resolution images, together with the metadata of digital herbarium, were uploaded and published in Flora Croatica Database, as well as in ZA & ZAHO Virtual Herbarium. Analysis revealed that the collection of orchids within Herbarium Croaticum sensu stricto contains 1373 herbarium sheets, belonging to 92 taxa, including 15 subspecies and 4 hybrids. Two orchid holotypes and two isotypes have been found. Within ZAHO Collection 553 sheets were found, belonging to 47 taxa. The majority of both collections originates from Croatia and neighboring countries (Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, FYROM, Montenegro, Poland, Switzerland and Ukraine). The oldest sheet in ZA dates back to 1833, and in ZAHO back to 1918, while the average age of the ZA Collection is 113 years and of the ZAHO is 81. The main collectors in ZA are Ljudevit Rossi, Dragutin Hirc and Ambroz Haračić, while in ZAHO predominates Ivo Horvat.

Croatia ; digitisation ; herbarium ; orchids

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