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Remineralizing effect of bioactive glass 45S5 on enamel surface

Demineralization is the process of removing minerals from hydroxyapatite crystals of dental hard tissues1. 45S5 bioglass (BG) is capable of forming hydroxyapatite (HA) and is widely used in hard tissue regeneration2. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential remineralizing effect of BG and calcium phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate3 Tooth Mousse (TM) on the enamel surface after demineralization. Thirty enamel blocks (n=10) were prepared and randomly divided into three groups: etched enamel treated with BG, etched enamel treated with TM, etched enamel treated with deionized water. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, energy dispersive x- ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy and Vickers microhardness tests were performed before and after etching for 2 minutes with 37 % orthophosphoric acid, as well as after different treatment procedures. BG treatment showed disorderly packed glass particles, while TM treatment led to crystal formation on enamel surface. EDS analysis showed an increase in calcium, phosphate, sodium and silicon concentrations after BG treatment. A statistically significant drop in the enamel microhardness values was observed after etching (p<0.001). Following a two-week treatment in either bioactive glass or Tooth Mousse, significantly higher microhardness values were recorded (p<0.001 for both treatments), which were on average significantly higher than baseline microhardness measurements for the BG treatment (p<0.001), but not for the TM treatment (p=0.331). Raman spectroscopy was not an effective method for measuring changes after different treatments on enamel surface because of the speciment preparation, so we could not select a single band (for the quantification of HA, it is usually the highest peak at about 960 cm-1) and directly compare its intensity between the different samples. Thus, Micro Raman should be used. Two- week treatment with BG and TM after demineralization can lead to increase in enamel microhardness with accumilation of glass particles and crystal formation reflecting a possible remineralizing effect.

remineralization ; bioactive glass

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