engleski

Melanom srednje očne ovojnice: kliničke osobitosti i dijagnostičke metode

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults and the eye is the second most common site for primary melanoma after the skin. Early recognition is important in protecting visual acuity, saving the eye and preventing metastasis. Signs for early detection of uveal melanoma when it simulates a nevus include thickness >2 mm, presence of subretinal fluid, symptoms, orange pigment, margin of the tumour near the optic disc, acoustic hollowness, surrounding halo, and the absence of drusen. This is essential considering that each millimetre increase in melanoma thickness imparts a 5% increased risk for metastatic disease. Delays or inability to make an accurate and early diagnosis may have grave consequences. Methods of diagnosis have substantially improved, although clinical diagnosis remains the standard method in the eyes with clear media. In eyes with opaque media ultrasound is the most useful ancillary diagnostic technique. Newer imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography and fundus autofl ouroscence facilitate in detection of subretinal fluid and orange pigment. Additional molecular biomarkers and cytological features which can predict the clinical behaviour of a small melanocytic lesion have been identifi ed. Although the role of a good clinical evaluation cannot be underestimated, it is advisable to assess the various radiological, molecular and cytological features in order to enhance the accuracy of early diagnosis and improvement in the patients’ prognosis.

melanom srednje očne ovojnice ; patogeneza ; kliničke osobitosti i dijagnostičke metode

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