engleski

Differences in physiological loads and energy consumption of handball referees between periods in handball match

The aim of this study was to determine diff erences in physiological loads and energy consumption of handball referees between halves during handball match. The sample consisted of all 16 referee pairs which counts 32 handball referees who are on list of Croatian Premier handball league (highest handball rank in Croatia). Before the start of testing each participant had signed a voluntary statement for testing and also provided confi rmation from medical institution confi rming proper state of health. Handball referees measurements were divided into two parts. First part was conducted as laboratory testing, while second part was fi eld test on matches of Premier Croatian handball league. Laboratory measurements started with measuring kinanthropometric measures to identify morphological characteristics. On fi eld tests referees were monitored for physiological loads during matches with a telemetry system for monitoring the heart rate frequency. The average age of referees was 34, 29 ± 6, 20 years with an average experience of 13 ± 4, 99 years in handball refereeing in total (highest level refereeing experience 7, 03 ± 4, 00 years). Referees had average body height of 184, 46 ± 5, 78 centimeters and weight of 91, 73 ± 10, 57 kilograms. Data processing was carried out by statistical package Statistica (version 8). Diff erences between the two periods of handball matches were tested by t-test for independent samples and the level of signifi cance was set at p < 0, 05. T-test for independent samples shows there are no statistically signifi cant diff erences in maximal and average heart frequency of handball referees during fi rst and second half of handball match as well as there are no statistically signifi cant diff erences in energy consumption between halves also. Based on the results obtained in this study it can be concluded that handball referees are exposed to high physical and physiological loads during the match with no diff erence on periods of the match. Due to high infl uence of referees on fi nal outcome of matches and competitions they need to be at highest possible fi tness and concentration level during whole match

team handball, referees loads, pressure, heart frequency

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