engleski

Synthesis of grapevine chimeras

Chimeras are plants that contain tissues of at least two genotypes in different cell layers, as well as in organs resulting from these layers. Many grapevine cultivars and clones important for viticulture production today are periclinal chimeras which evolved spontaneously because of the mutations in one layer of apical meristem (Pinot gris, Pinot meunier etc.). In comparison with chimeras that have evolved from mutations, there are also so-called intra- and interspecific chimeras, which consist from two different genotypes originating from different cultivars or species. Synthetic chimeras could have huge potential as an alternative breeding method for grapevine since it is vegetatively propagated, but also to investigate cell autonomous vs non-cell autonomous developmental programs and track the movement of non-cell autonomous molecular information. Research on the possible development and detection of synthetic chimeras was conducted using three different grapevine cultivars: Cabernet sauvignon (CS), Chardonnay (C) and Babić (B) using meristematic bulk tissue (MBT) culture. First, conditions for successful MBT development and organogenesis were determined for individual cultivars. After this, organogenesis was induced from mixed MBT developed after contact growth of two pairs of genotypes (CSxC i CSxB), and in this way 260 plants were obtained and acclimatized. After visual evaluation of all plants, seven of them showed some level of tissue (leaves) heterogeneity, while others had a uniform phenotype. All plants were analysed using microsatellite (SSR) markers for grapevine and results for 8 plants suggest that they could be composed of 2 different genotypes, ie. chimeras. Research on stability and type of chimerism in vegetatively propagated chimeras’ progeny is in progress, using combination of phenotyping and genotyping.

grapevine breeding, microsatellite markers, synthetic chimeras, tissue culture

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