hrvatski

Spojevi dušika u vodi – izvori, procesi, utjecaj na zdravlje i okoliš

Nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in nature, present in (in)organic forms of which most dominant ones are elementary nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia, which are interconnected by the nitrogen cycle. Which of the nitrogen compounds will be present in the nature depends on chemical, physical and biological conditions, while agriculture is one of their main sources. Water pollution caused by agriculture is usually a result of over fertilisation, where the excess nitrogen is flushed by leachate into the underground and surface waters, polluting them and reducing sources of drinking water. Due to weak (or none) binding of nitrates to the soil particles, nitrates are nitrogen compounds that are most intensely flushed. Processes that lead to nutrient accumulation in surface waters are surface run-off, drainage water, soil erosion, and even direct input. The concentration of nutrients in the water depends on several factors, such as the type, amount, way and time of fertilisation ; soil type ; amount of precipitations ; type of crops, etc. The aim of this study was to give an overview of sources of nitrogen compounds, processes in which they take part, and their impact on the health and the environment. Though nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and development, its excess has a negative impact on the environment and leads to eutrophication of the surface waters, especially pronounced in the lowland European rivers. This transformation of the aquatic ecosystem refers to the accumulation of nutrients which leads to the accelerated plant growth, eventual disruption of the equilibrium and other adverse changes of the aquatic ecosystem. Finally, ecosystem biodiversity and water quality, as well as its use, are drastically reduced, defining anthropogenic eutrophication one of the major problems of today. Also, increased nitrates concentration has a negative effect on health. Though nitrates toxicity is low, and nitrates are readily eliminated, about 5% of ingested nitrates is metabolised in nitrites, which are about 10 times more toxic than nitrates. Nitrites oxidise haemoglobin iron to methaemoglobin, a compound that cannot transfer oxygen thus causes cyanosis and a condition called methaemoglobinemia. Increased concentration of nitrates in drinking water is linked with the development of various illnesses, such as respiratory illnesses, reproductive problems and some types of cancer.

spojevi dušika ; onečišćenje vode ; ciklus dušika ; eutrofikacija

nije evidentirano

engleski

Nitrogen compounds in water – sources, processes, impact on health and the environment

Nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in nature, present in (in)organic forms of which most dominant ones are elementary nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia, which are interconnected by the nitrogen cycle. Which of the nitrogen compounds will be present in the nature depends on chemical, physical and biological conditions, while agriculture is one of their main sources. Water pollution caused by agriculture is usually a result of over fertilisation, where the excess nitrogen is flushed by leachate into the underground and surface waters, polluting them and reducing sources of drinking water. Due to weak (or none) binding of nitrates to the soil particles, nitrates are nitrogen compounds that are most intensely flushed. Processes that lead to nutrient accumulation in surface waters are surface run-off, drainage water, soil erosion, and even direct input. The concentration of nutrients in the water depends on several factors, such as the type, amount, way and time of fertilisation ; soil type ; amount of precipitations ; type of crops, etc. The aim of this study was to give an overview of sources of nitrogen compounds, processes in which they take part, and their impact on the health and the environment. Though nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and development, its excess has a negative impact on the environment and leads to eutrophication of the surface waters, especially pronounced in the lowland European rivers. This transformation of the aquatic ecosystem refers to the accumulation of nutrients which leads to the accelerated plant growth, eventual disruption of the equilibrium and other adverse changes of the aquatic ecosystem. Finally, ecosystem biodiversity and water quality, as well as its use, are drastically reduced, defining anthropogenic eutrophication one of the major problems of today. Also, increased nitrates concentration has a negative effect on health. Though nitrates toxicity is low, and nitrates are readily eliminated, about 5% of ingested nitrates is metabolised in nitrites, which are about 10 times more toxic than nitrates. Nitrites oxidise haemoglobin iron to methaemoglobin, a compound that cannot transfer oxygen thus causes cyanosis and a condition called methaemoglobinemia. Increased concentration of nitrates in drinking water is linked with the development of various illnesses, such as respiratory illnesses, reproductive problems and some types of cancer.

nitrogen compounds ; water pollution ; nitrogen cycle ; eutrophication

nije evidentirano